chore: refactor (#3164)

Co-authored-by: Kevin Wan <wanjunfeng@gmail.com>

.codecov.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
-comment: false
+comment:
+  layout: "flags, files"
+  behavior: once
+  require_changes: true
 ignore:
-  - "tools"
+  - "tools"
+  - "**/mock"
+  - "**/*_mock.go"

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
 issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
 otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
 custom: # https://gitee.com/kevwan/static/raw/master/images/sponsor.jpg
-ethereum: 0x5052b7f6B937B02563996D23feb69b38D06Ca150 | kevwan
+ethereum: # 0x5052b7f6B937B02563996D23feb69b38D06Ca150 | kevwan

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -9,3 +9,7 @@ updates:
     directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod" # See documentation for possible values
+    directory: "/tools/goctl" # Location of package manifests
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go 1.x
         uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.16
+          go-version: 1.18
           check-latest: true
           cache: true
         id: go
@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Lint
         run: |
           go vet -stdmethods=false $(go list ./...)
-          go install mvdan.cc/gofumpt@latest
-          test -z "$(gofumpt -l -extra .)" || echo "Please run 'gofumpt -l -w -extra .'"
+
+          go mod tidy
+          if ! test -z "$(git status --porcelain)"; then
+            echo "Please run 'go mod tidy'"
+            exit 1
+          fi
 
       - name: Test
         run: go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...
@@ -48,8 +52,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go 1.x
         uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          # use 1.16 to guarantee Go 1.16 compatibility
-          go-version: 1.16
+          # use 1.18 to guarantee Go 1.18 compatibility
+          go-version: 1.18
           check-latest: true
           cache: true
 

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           goos: ${{ matrix.goos }}
           goarch: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          goversion: "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+          goversion: "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.18.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
           project_path: "tools/goctl"
           binary_name: "goctl"
           extra_files: tools/goctl/readme.md tools/goctl/readme-cn.md

.gitignore

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 !api
 
 # ignore
-.idea
+**/.idea
 **/.DS_Store
 **/logs
 

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# go-zero Roadmap
-
-This document defines a high level roadmap for go-zero development and upcoming releases.
-Community and contributor involvement is vital for successfully implementing all desired items for each release.
-We hope that the items listed below will inspire further engagement from the community to keep go-zero progressing and shipping exciting and valuable features.
-
-## 2021 Q2
-- [x] Support service discovery through K8S client api
-- [x] Log full sql statements for easier sql problem solving
-
-## 2021 Q3
-- [x] Support `goctl model pg` to support PostgreSQL code generation
-- [x] Adapt builtin tracing mechanism to opentracing solutions
-
-## 2021 Q4
-- [x] Support `username/password` authentication in ETCD
-- [x] Support `SSL/TLS` in ETCD
-- [x] Support `SSL/TLS` in `zRPC`
-- [x] Support `TLS` in redis connections
-- [x] Support `goctl bug` to report bugs conveniently
-
-## 2022
-- [x] Support `context` in redis related methods for timeout and tracing
-- [x] Support `context` in sql related methods for timeout and tracing
-- [x] Support `context` in mongodb related methods for timeout and tracing
-- [x] Add `httpc.Do` with HTTP call governance, like circuit breaker etc.
-- [ ] Support `goctl doctor` command to report potential issues for given service
-- [ ] Support `goctl mock` command to start a mocking server with given `.api` file

core/bloom/bloom.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package bloom
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"strconv"
 
@@ -8,28 +9,29 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stores/redis"
 )
 
-const (
-	// for detailed error rate table, see http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~cao/papers/summary-cache/node8.html
-	// maps as k in the error rate table
-	maps      = 14
-	setScript = `
+// for detailed error rate table, see http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~cao/papers/summary-cache/node8.html
+// maps as k in the error rate table
+const maps = 14
+
+var (
+	// ErrTooLargeOffset indicates the offset is too large in bitset.
+	ErrTooLargeOffset = errors.New("too large offset")
+
+	setScript = redis.NewScript(`
 for _, offset in ipairs(ARGV) do
 	redis.call("setbit", KEYS[1], offset, 1)
 end
-`
-	testScript = `
+`)
+	testScript = redis.NewScript(`
 for _, offset in ipairs(ARGV) do
 	if tonumber(redis.call("getbit", KEYS[1], offset)) == 0 then
 		return false
 	end
 end
 return true
-`
+`)
 )
 
-// ErrTooLargeOffset indicates the offset is too large in bitset.
-var ErrTooLargeOffset = errors.New("too large offset")
-
 type (
 	// A Filter is a bloom filter.
 	Filter struct {
@@ -38,8 +40,8 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	bitSetProvider interface {
-		check([]uint) (bool, error)
-		set([]uint) error
+		check(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) (bool, error)
+		set(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) error
 	}
 )
 
@@ -58,14 +60,24 @@ func New(store *redis.Redis, key string, bits uint) *Filter {
 
 // Add adds data into f.
 func (f *Filter) Add(data []byte) error {
+	return f.AddCtx(context.Background(), data)
+}
+
+// AddCtx adds data into f with context.
+func (f *Filter) AddCtx(ctx context.Context, data []byte) error {
 	locations := f.getLocations(data)
-	return f.bitSet.set(locations)
+	return f.bitSet.set(ctx, locations)
 }
 
 // Exists checks if data is in f.
 func (f *Filter) Exists(data []byte) (bool, error) {
+	return f.ExistsCtx(context.Background(), data)
+}
+
+// ExistsCtx checks if data is in f with context.
+func (f *Filter) ExistsCtx(ctx context.Context, data []byte) (bool, error) {
 	locations := f.getLocations(data)
-	isSet, err := f.bitSet.check(locations)
+	isSet, err := f.bitSet.check(ctx, locations)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -111,13 +123,13 @@ func (r *redisBitSet) buildOffsetArgs(offsets []uint) ([]string, error) {
 	return args, nil
 }
 
-func (r *redisBitSet) check(offsets []uint) (bool, error) {
+func (r *redisBitSet) check(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) (bool, error) {
 	args, err := r.buildOffsetArgs(offsets)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	resp, err := r.store.Eval(testScript, []string{r.key}, args)
+	resp, err := r.store.ScriptRunCtx(ctx, testScript, []string{r.key}, args)
 	if err == redis.Nil {
 		return false, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
@@ -132,22 +144,24 @@ func (r *redisBitSet) check(offsets []uint) (bool, error) {
 	return exists == 1, nil
 }
 
+// del only use for testing.
 func (r *redisBitSet) del() error {
 	_, err := r.store.Del(r.key)
 	return err
 }
 
+// expire only use for testing.
 func (r *redisBitSet) expire(seconds int) error {
 	return r.store.Expire(r.key, seconds)
 }
 
-func (r *redisBitSet) set(offsets []uint) error {
+func (r *redisBitSet) set(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) error {
 	args, err := r.buildOffsetArgs(offsets)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	_, err = r.store.Eval(setScript, []string{r.key}, args)
+	_, err = r.store.ScriptRunCtx(ctx, setScript, []string{r.key}, args)
 	if err == redis.Nil {
 		return nil
 	}

core/bloom/bloom_test.go

@@ -1,30 +1,31 @@
 package bloom
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stores/redis/redistest"
 )
 
 func TestRedisBitSet_New_Set_Test(t *testing.T) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	bitSet := newRedisBitSet(store, "test_key", 1024)
-	isSetBefore, err := bitSet.check([]uint{0})
+	isSetBefore, err := bitSet.check(ctx, []uint{0})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if isSetBefore {
 		t.Fatal("Bit should not be set")
 	}
-	err = bitSet.set([]uint{512})
+	err = bitSet.set(ctx, []uint{512})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	isSetAfter, err := bitSet.check([]uint{512})
+	isSetAfter, err := bitSet.check(ctx, []uint{512})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -42,9 +43,7 @@ func TestRedisBitSet_New_Set_Test(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRedisBitSet_Add(t *testing.T) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
 
 	filter := New(store, "test_key", 64)
 	assert.Nil(t, filter.Add([]byte("hello")))
@@ -53,3 +52,51 @@ func TestRedisBitSet_Add(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 }
+
+func TestFilter_Exists(t *testing.T) {
+	store, clean := redistest.CreateRedisWithClean(t)
+
+	rbs := New(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err := rbs.Exists([]byte{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	clean()
+	rbs = New(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err = rbs.Exists([]byte{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRedisBitSet_check(t *testing.T) {
+	store, clean := redistest.CreateRedisWithClean(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rbs := newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 0)
+	assert.Error(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+	_, err := rbs.check(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err = rbs.check(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	clean()
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err = rbs.check(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRedisBitSet_set(t *testing.T) {
+	logx.Disable()
+	store, clean := redistest.CreateRedisWithClean(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rbs := newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 0)
+	assert.Error(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	assert.NoError(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+
+	clean()
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	assert.Error(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+}

core/codec/aesecb.go

@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ func NewECBEncrypter(b cipher.Block) cipher.BlockMode {
 	return (*ecbEncrypter)(newECB(b))
 }
 
+// BlockSize returns the mode's block size.
 func (x *ecbEncrypter) BlockSize() int { return x.blockSize }
 
-// why we don't return error is because cipher.BlockMode doesn't allow this
+// CryptBlocks encrypts a number of blocks. The length of src must be a multiple of
+// the block size. Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
 func (x *ecbEncrypter) CryptBlocks(dst, src []byte) {
 	if len(src)%x.blockSize != 0 {
 		logx.Error("crypto/cipher: input not full blocks")
@@ -59,11 +61,13 @@ func NewECBDecrypter(b cipher.Block) cipher.BlockMode {
 	return (*ecbDecrypter)(newECB(b))
 }
 
+// BlockSize returns the mode's block size.
 func (x *ecbDecrypter) BlockSize() int {
 	return x.blockSize
 }
 
-// why we don't return error is because cipher.BlockMode doesn't allow this
+// CryptBlocks decrypts a number of blocks. The length of src must be a multiple of
+// the block size. Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
 func (x *ecbDecrypter) CryptBlocks(dst, src []byte) {
 	if len(src)%x.blockSize != 0 {
 		logx.Error("crypto/cipher: input not full blocks")

core/codec/aesecb_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package codec
 
 import (
+	"crypto/aes"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -10,7 +11,8 @@ import (
 func TestAesEcb(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		key     = []byte("q4t7w!z%C*F-JaNdRgUjXn2r5u8x/A?D")
-		val     = []byte("hello")
+		val     = []byte("helloworld")
+		valLong = []byte("helloworldlong..")
 		badKey1 = []byte("aaaaaaaaa")
 		// more than 32 chars
 		badKey2 = []byte("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa")
@@ -31,6 +33,39 @@ func TestAesEcb(t *testing.T) {
 	src, err := EcbDecrypt(key, dst)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, val, src)
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	encrypter := NewECBEncrypter(block)
+	assert.Equal(t, 16, encrypter.BlockSize())
+	decrypter := NewECBDecrypter(block)
+	assert.Equal(t, 16, decrypter.BlockSize())
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	encrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, val)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	encrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, valLong)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	decrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, val)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	decrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, valLong)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	_, err = EcbEncryptBase64("cTR0N3dDKkYtSmFOZFJnVWpYbjJyNXU4eC9BP0QK", "aGVsbG93b3JsZGxvbmcuLgo=")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestAesEcbBase64(t *testing.T) {

core/codec/dh_test.go

@@ -80,3 +80,17 @@ func TestKeyBytes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, len(key.Bytes()) > 0)
 }
+
+func TestDHOnErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := GenerateKey()
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, key.Bytes())
+	_, err = ComputeKey(key.PubKey, key.PriKey)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = ComputeKey(nil, key.PriKey)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = ComputeKey(key.PubKey, nil)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, NewPublicKey([]byte("")))
+}

core/codec/gzip_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package codec
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -21,3 +23,45 @@ func TestGzip(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, len(bs) < buf.Len())
 	assert.Equal(t, buf.Bytes(), actual)
 }
+
+func TestGunzip(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		input       []byte
+		expected    []byte
+		expectedErr error
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "valid input",
+			input: func() []byte {
+				var buf bytes.Buffer
+				gz := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+				gz.Write([]byte("hello"))
+				gz.Close()
+				return buf.Bytes()
+			}(),
+			expected:    []byte("hello"),
+			expectedErr: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid input",
+			input:       []byte("invalid input"),
+			expected:    nil,
+			expectedErr: gzip.ErrHeader,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := Gunzip(test.input)
+
+			if !bytes.Equal(result, test.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected result: %v", result)
+			}
+
+			if !errors.Is(err, test.expectedErr) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

core/codec/rsa_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package codec
 
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ func TestCryption(t *testing.T) {
 
 	file, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(priKey)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(file)
 	dec, err := NewRsaDecrypter(file)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	actual, err := dec.Decrypt(ret)

core/collection/cache.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type (
 	Cache struct {
 		name           string
 		lock           sync.Mutex
-		data           map[string]interface{}
+		data           map[string]any
 		expire         time.Duration
 		timingWheel    *TimingWheel
 		lruCache       lru
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ type (
 // NewCache returns a Cache with given expire.
 func NewCache(expire time.Duration, opts ...CacheOption) (*Cache, error) {
 	cache := &Cache{
-		data:           make(map[string]interface{}),
+		data:           make(map[string]any),
 		expire:         expire,
 		lruCache:       emptyLruCache,
 		barrier:        syncx.NewSingleFlight(),
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func NewCache(expire time.Duration, opts ...CacheOption) (*Cache, error) {
 	}
 	cache.stats = newCacheStat(cache.name, cache.size)
 
-	timingWheel, err := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, slots, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	timingWheel, err := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, slots, func(k, v any) {
 		key, ok := k.(string)
 		if !ok {
 			return
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Del(key string) {
 }
 
 // Get returns the item with the given key from c.
-func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (any, bool) {
 	value, ok := c.doGet(key)
 	if ok {
 		c.stats.IncrementHit()
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 }
 
 // Set sets value into c with key.
-func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
+func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value any) {
 	c.SetWithExpire(key, value, c.expire)
 }
 
 // SetWithExpire sets value into c with key and expire with the given value.
-func (c *Cache) SetWithExpire(key string, value interface{}, expire time.Duration) {
+func (c *Cache) SetWithExpire(key string, value any, expire time.Duration) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
 	_, ok := c.data[key]
 	c.data[key] = value
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ func (c *Cache) SetWithExpire(key string, value interface{}, expire time.Duratio
 // Take returns the item with the given key.
 // If the item is in c, return it directly.
 // If not, use fetch method to get the item, set into c and return it.
-func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
+func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (any, error)) (any, error) {
 	if val, ok := c.doGet(key); ok {
 		c.stats.IncrementHit()
 		return val, nil
 	}
 
 	var fresh bool
-	val, err := c.barrier.Do(key, func() (interface{}, error) {
+	val, err := c.barrier.Do(key, func() (any, error) {
 		// because O(1) on map search in memory, and fetch is an IO query
 		// so we do double check, cache might be taken by another call
 		if val, ok := c.doGet(key); ok {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (interface{}, error)) (interface{}
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Cache) doGet(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (c *Cache) doGet(key string) (any, bool) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
 	defer c.lock.Unlock()
 

core/collection/cache_test.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestCacheTake(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
-			cache.Take("first", func() (interface{}, error) {
+			cache.Take("first", func() (any, error) {
 				atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 				return "first element", nil
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func TestCacheTakeExists(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			cache.Set("first", "first element")
-			cache.Take("first", func() (interface{}, error) {
+			cache.Take("first", func() (any, error) {
 				atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 				return "first element", nil
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestCacheTakeError(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
-			_, err := cache.Take("first", func() (interface{}, error) {
+			_, err := cache.Take("first", func() (any, error) {
 				atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 				return "", errDummy

core/collection/fifo.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import "sync"
 // A Queue is a FIFO queue.
 type Queue struct {
 	lock     sync.Mutex
-	elements []interface{}
+	elements []any
 	size     int
 	head     int
 	tail     int
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type Queue struct {
 // NewQueue returns a Queue object.
 func NewQueue(size int) *Queue {
 	return &Queue{
-		elements: make([]interface{}, size),
+		elements: make([]any, size),
 		size:     size,
 	}
 }
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ func (q *Queue) Empty() bool {
 }
 
 // Put puts element into q at the last position.
-func (q *Queue) Put(element interface{}) {
+func (q *Queue) Put(element any) {
 	q.lock.Lock()
 	defer q.lock.Unlock()
 
 	if q.head == q.tail && q.count > 0 {
-		nodes := make([]interface{}, len(q.elements)+q.size)
+		nodes := make([]any, len(q.elements)+q.size)
 		copy(nodes, q.elements[q.head:])
 		copy(nodes[len(q.elements)-q.head:], q.elements[:q.head])
 		q.head = 0
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func (q *Queue) Put(element interface{}) {
 }
 
 // Take takes the first element out of q if not empty.
-func (q *Queue) Take() (interface{}, bool) {
+func (q *Queue) Take() (any, bool) {
 	q.lock.Lock()
 	defer q.lock.Unlock()
 

core/collection/ring.go

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import "sync"
 
 // A Ring can be used as fixed size ring.
 type Ring struct {
-	elements []interface{}
+	elements []any
 	index    int
-	lock     sync.Mutex
+	lock     sync.RWMutex
 }
 
 // NewRing returns a Ring object with the given size n.
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ func NewRing(n int) *Ring {
 	}
 
 	return &Ring{
-		elements: make([]interface{}, n),
+		elements: make([]any, n),
 	}
 }
 
 // Add adds v into r.
-func (r *Ring) Add(v interface{}) {
+func (r *Ring) Add(v any) {
 	r.lock.Lock()
 	defer r.lock.Unlock()
 
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ func (r *Ring) Add(v interface{}) {
 }
 
 // Take takes all items from r.
-func (r *Ring) Take() []interface{} {
-	r.lock.Lock()
-	defer r.lock.Unlock()
+func (r *Ring) Take() []any {
+	r.lock.RLock()
+	defer r.lock.RUnlock()
 
 	var size int
 	var start int
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (r *Ring) Take() []interface{} {
 		size = r.index
 	}
 
-	elements := make([]interface{}, size)
+	elements := make([]any, size)
 	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
 		elements[i] = r.elements[(start+i)%len(r.elements)]
 	}

core/collection/ring_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestRingLess(t *testing.T) {
 		ring.Add(i)
 	}
 	elements := ring.Take()
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{0, 1, 2}, elements)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{0, 1, 2}, elements)
 }
 
 func TestRingMore(t *testing.T) {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func TestRingMore(t *testing.T) {
 		ring.Add(i)
 	}
 	elements := ring.Take()
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, elements)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, elements)
 }
 
 func TestRingAdd(t *testing.T) {

core/collection/safemap.go

@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@ type SafeMap struct {
 	lock        sync.RWMutex
 	deletionOld int
 	deletionNew int
-	dirtyOld    map[interface{}]interface{}
-	dirtyNew    map[interface{}]interface{}
+	dirtyOld    map[any]any
+	dirtyNew    map[any]any
 }
 
 // NewSafeMap returns a SafeMap.
 func NewSafeMap() *SafeMap {
 	return &SafeMap{
-		dirtyOld: make(map[interface{}]interface{}),
-		dirtyNew: make(map[interface{}]interface{}),
+		dirtyOld: make(map[any]any),
+		dirtyNew: make(map[any]any),
 	}
 }
 
 // Del deletes the value with the given key from m.
-func (m *SafeMap) Del(key interface{}) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Del(key any) {
 	m.lock.Lock()
 	if _, ok := m.dirtyOld[key]; ok {
 		delete(m.dirtyOld, key)
@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ func (m *SafeMap) Del(key interface{}) {
 		}
 		m.dirtyOld = m.dirtyNew
 		m.deletionOld = m.deletionNew
-		m.dirtyNew = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+		m.dirtyNew = make(map[any]any)
 		m.deletionNew = 0
 	}
 	if m.deletionNew >= maxDeletion && len(m.dirtyNew) < copyThreshold {
 		for k, v := range m.dirtyNew {
 			m.dirtyOld[k] = v
 		}
-		m.dirtyNew = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+		m.dirtyNew = make(map[any]any)
 		m.deletionNew = 0
 	}
 	m.lock.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Get gets the value with the given key from m.
-func (m *SafeMap) Get(key interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Get(key any) (any, bool) {
 	m.lock.RLock()
 	defer m.lock.RUnlock()
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (m *SafeMap) Get(key interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
 
 // Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the map.
 // If f returns false, range stops the iteration.
-func (m *SafeMap) Range(f func(key, val interface{}) bool) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Range(f func(key, val any) bool) {
 	m.lock.RLock()
 	defer m.lock.RUnlock()
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (m *SafeMap) Range(f func(key, val interface{}) bool) {
 }
 
 // Set sets the value into m with the given key.
-func (m *SafeMap) Set(key, value interface{}) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Set(key, value any) {
 	m.lock.Lock()
 	if m.deletionOld <= maxDeletion {
 		if _, ok := m.dirtyNew[key]; ok {

core/collection/safemap_test.go

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func TestSafeMap_Range(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	var count int32
-	m.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
+	m.Range(func(k, v any) bool {
 		atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 		newMap.Set(k, v)
 		return true

core/collection/set.go

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ const (
 
 // Set is not thread-safe, for concurrent use, make sure to use it with synchronization.
 type Set struct {
-	data map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType
+	data map[any]lang.PlaceholderType
 	tp   int
 }
 
 // NewSet returns a managed Set, can only put the values with the same type.
 func NewSet() *Set {
 	return &Set{
-		data: make(map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType),
+		data: make(map[any]lang.PlaceholderType),
 		tp:   untyped,
 	}
 }
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ func NewSet() *Set {
 // NewUnmanagedSet returns an unmanaged Set, which can put values with different types.
 func NewUnmanagedSet() *Set {
 	return &Set{
-		data: make(map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType),
+		data: make(map[any]lang.PlaceholderType),
 		tp:   unmanaged,
 	}
 }
 
 // Add adds i into s.
-func (s *Set) Add(i ...interface{}) {
+func (s *Set) Add(i ...any) {
 	for _, each := range i {
 		s.add(each)
 	}
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (s *Set) AddStr(ss ...string) {
 }
 
 // Contains checks if i is in s.
-func (s *Set) Contains(i interface{}) bool {
+func (s *Set) Contains(i any) bool {
 	if len(s.data) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ func (s *Set) Contains(i interface{}) bool {
 }
 
 // Keys returns the keys in s.
-func (s *Set) Keys() []interface{} {
-	var keys []interface{}
+func (s *Set) Keys() []any {
+	var keys []any
 
 	for key := range s.data {
 		keys = append(keys, key)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (s *Set) KeysStr() []string {
 }
 
 // Remove removes i from s.
-func (s *Set) Remove(i interface{}) {
+func (s *Set) Remove(i any) {
 	s.validate(i)
 	delete(s.data, i)
 }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (s *Set) Count() int {
 	return len(s.data)
 }
 
-func (s *Set) add(i interface{}) {
+func (s *Set) add(i any) {
 	switch s.tp {
 	case unmanaged:
 		// do nothing
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (s *Set) add(i interface{}) {
 	s.data[i] = lang.Placeholder
 }
 
-func (s *Set) setType(i interface{}) {
+func (s *Set) setType(i any) {
 	// s.tp can only be untyped here
 	switch i.(type) {
 	case int:
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (s *Set) setType(i interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Set) validate(i interface{}) {
+func (s *Set) validate(i any) {
 	if s.tp == unmanaged {
 		return
 	}
@@ -213,23 +213,23 @@ func (s *Set) validate(i interface{}) {
 	switch i.(type) {
 	case int:
 		if s.tp != intType {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is int, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
+			logx.Errorf("element is int, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
 		}
 	case int64:
 		if s.tp != int64Type {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is int64, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
+			logx.Errorf("element is int64, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
 		}
 	case uint:
 		if s.tp != uintType {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is uint, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
+			logx.Errorf("element is uint, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
 		}
 	case uint64:
 		if s.tp != uint64Type {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is uint64, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
+			logx.Errorf("element is uint64, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
 		}
 	case string:
 		if s.tp != stringType {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is string, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
+			logx.Errorf("element is string, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
 		}
 	}
 }

core/collection/set_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkRawSet(b *testing.B) {
-	m := make(map[interface{}]struct{})
+	m := make(map[any]struct{})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		m[i] = struct{}{}
 		_ = m[i]
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func BenchmarkSet(b *testing.B) {
 func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
 	set := NewUnmanagedSet()
-	values := []interface{}{1, 2, 3}
+	values := []any{1, 2, 3}
 
 	// when
 	set.Add(values...)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func TestContainsUnmanagedWithoutElements(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRemove(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
 	set := NewSet()
-	set.Add([]interface{}{1, 2, 3}...)
+	set.Add([]any{1, 2, 3}...)
 
 	// when
 	set.Remove(2)
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func TestRemove(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCount(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
 	set := NewSet()
-	set.Add([]interface{}{1, 2, 3}...)
+	set.Add([]any{1, 2, 3}...)
 
 	// then
 	assert.Equal(t, set.Count(), 3)
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@ func TestSetType(t *testing.T) {
 	set.add(1)
 	set.add("2")
 	vals := set.Keys()
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{1, "2"}, vals)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{1, "2"}, vals)
 }

core/collection/timingwheel.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ var (
 
 type (
 	// Execute defines the method to execute the task.
-	Execute func(key, value interface{})
+	Execute func(key, value any)
 
 	// A TimingWheel is a timing wheel object to schedule tasks.
 	TimingWheel struct {
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ type (
 		execute       Execute
 		setChannel    chan timingEntry
 		moveChannel   chan baseEntry
-		removeChannel chan interface{}
-		drainChannel  chan func(key, value interface{})
+		removeChannel chan any
+		drainChannel  chan func(key, value any)
 		stopChannel   chan lang.PlaceholderType
 	}
 
 	timingEntry struct {
 		baseEntry
-		value   interface{}
+		value   any
 		circle  int
 		diff    int
 		removed bool
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type (
 
 	baseEntry struct {
 		delay time.Duration
-		key   interface{}
+		key   any
 	}
 
 	positionEntry struct {
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	timingTask struct {
-		key   interface{}
-		value interface{}
+		key   any
+		value any
 	}
 )
 
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ func NewTimingWheel(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execute) (*Tim
 			interval, numSlots, execute)
 	}
 
-	return newTimingWheelWithClock(interval, numSlots, execute, timex.NewTicker(interval))
+	return NewTimingWheelWithTicker(interval, numSlots, execute, timex.NewTicker(interval))
 }
 
-func newTimingWheelWithClock(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execute,
+// NewTimingWheelWithTicker returns a TimingWheel with the given ticker.
+func NewTimingWheelWithTicker(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execute,
 	ticker timex.Ticker) (*TimingWheel, error) {
 	tw := &TimingWheel{
 		interval:      interval,
@@ -84,8 +85,8 @@ func newTimingWheelWithClock(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execu
 		numSlots:      numSlots,
 		setChannel:    make(chan timingEntry),
 		moveChannel:   make(chan baseEntry),
-		removeChannel: make(chan interface{}),
-		drainChannel:  make(chan func(key, value interface{})),
+		removeChannel: make(chan any),
+		drainChannel:  make(chan func(key, value any)),
 		stopChannel:   make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
 	}
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ func newTimingWheelWithClock(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execu
 }
 
 // Drain drains all items and executes them.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) Drain(fn func(key, value interface{})) error {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) Drain(fn func(key, value any)) error {
 	select {
 	case tw.drainChannel <- fn:
 		return nil
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ func (tw *TimingWheel) Drain(fn func(key, value interface{})) error {
 }
 
 // MoveTimer moves the task with the given key to the given delay.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) MoveTimer(key interface{}, delay time.Duration) error {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) MoveTimer(key any, delay time.Duration) error {
 	if delay <= 0 || key == nil {
 		return ErrArgument
 	}
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ func (tw *TimingWheel) MoveTimer(key interface{}, delay time.Duration) error {
 }
 
 // RemoveTimer removes the task with the given key.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) RemoveTimer(key interface{}) error {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) RemoveTimer(key any) error {
 	if key == nil {
 		return ErrArgument
 	}
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ func (tw *TimingWheel) RemoveTimer(key interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // SetTimer sets the task value with the given key to the delay.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) SetTimer(key, value interface{}, delay time.Duration) error {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) SetTimer(key, value any, delay time.Duration) error {
 	if delay <= 0 || key == nil {
 		return ErrArgument
 	}
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ func (tw *TimingWheel) Stop() {
 	close(tw.stopChannel)
 }
 
-func (tw *TimingWheel) drainAll(fn func(key, value interface{})) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) drainAll(fn func(key, value any)) {
 	runner := threading.NewTaskRunner(drainWorkers)
 	for _, slot := range tw.slots {
 		for e := slot.Front(); e != nil; {
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ func (tw *TimingWheel) onTick() {
 	tw.scanAndRunTasks(l)
 }
 
-func (tw *TimingWheel) removeTask(key interface{}) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) removeTask(key any) {
 	val, ok := tw.timers.Get(key)
 	if !ok {
 		return

core/collection/timingwheel_test.go

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ const (
 )
 
 func TestNewTimingWheel(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := NewTimingWheel(0, 10, func(key, value interface{}) {})
+	_, err := NewTimingWheel(0, 10, func(key, value any) {})
 	assert.NotNil(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestTimingWheel_Drain(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 	}, ticker)
 	tw.SetTimer("first", 3, testStep*4)
 	tw.SetTimer("second", 5, testStep*7)
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_Drain(t *testing.T) {
 	var lock sync.Mutex
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(3)
-	tw.Drain(func(key, value interface{}) {
+	tw.Drain(func(key, value any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		defer lock.Unlock()
 		keys = append(keys, key.(string))
@@ -50,19 +50,19 @@ func TestTimingWheel_Drain(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"first", "second", "third"}, keys)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, []int{3, 5, 7}, vals)
 	var count int
-	tw.Drain(func(key, value interface{}) {
+	tw.Drain(func(key, value any) {
 		count++
 	})
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count)
 	tw.Stop()
-	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.Drain(func(key, value interface{}) {}))
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.Drain(func(key, value any) {}))
 }
 
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerTwice(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 5, v.(int))
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerTwice(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerWrongDelay(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {}, ticker)
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {}, ticker)
 	defer tw.Stop()
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
 		tw.SetTimer("any", 3, -testStep)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerWrongDelay(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {}, ticker)
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {}, ticker)
 	tw.Stop()
 	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.SetTimer("any", 3, testStep))
 }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 3, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 3, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 3, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 3, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerEarlier(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerEarlier(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimingWheel_RemoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {}, ticker)
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {}, ticker)
 	tw.SetTimer("any", 3, testStep)
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
 		tw.RemoveTimer("any")
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimer(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				assert.Equal(t, 1, key.(int))
 				assert.Equal(t, 2, value.(int))
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetAndMoveThenStart(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetAndMoveTwice(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_ElapsedAndSet(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_ElapsedAndSetThenMove(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ func TestMoveAndRemoveTask(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	var keys []int
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
 		keys = append(keys, v.(int))
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ func TestMoveAndRemoveTask(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkTimingWheel(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	tw, _ := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, 100, func(k, v interface{}) {})
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, 100, func(k, v any) {})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		tw.SetTimer(i, i, time.Second)
 		tw.SetTimer(b.N+i, b.N+i, time.Second)

core/conf/config.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/jsonx"
@@ -12,17 +13,36 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/internal/encoding"
 )
 
-const distanceBetweenUpperAndLower = 32
+const (
+	jsonTagKey = "json"
+	jsonTagSep = ','
+)
 
-var loaders = map[string]func([]byte, interface{}) error{
-	".json": LoadFromJsonBytes,
-	".toml": LoadFromTomlBytes,
-	".yaml": LoadFromYamlBytes,
-	".yml":  LoadFromYamlBytes,
+var (
+	fillDefaultUnmarshaler = mapping.NewUnmarshaler(jsonTagKey, mapping.WithDefault())
+	loaders                = map[string]func([]byte, any) error{
+		".json": LoadFromJsonBytes,
+		".toml": LoadFromTomlBytes,
+		".yaml": LoadFromYamlBytes,
+		".yml":  LoadFromYamlBytes,
+	}
+)
+
+// children and mapField should not be both filled.
+// named fields and map cannot be bound to the same field name.
+type fieldInfo struct {
+	children map[string]*fieldInfo
+	mapField *fieldInfo
+}
+
+// FillDefault fills the default values for the given v,
+// and the premise is that the value of v must be guaranteed to be empty.
+func FillDefault(v any) error {
+	return fillDefaultUnmarshaler.Unmarshal(map[string]any{}, v)
 }
 
 // Load loads config into v from file, .json, .yaml and .yml are acceptable.
-func Load(file string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) error {
+func Load(file string, v any, opts ...Option) error {
 	content, err := os.ReadFile(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -47,28 +67,35 @@ func Load(file string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) error {
 
 // LoadConfig loads config into v from file, .json, .yaml and .yml are acceptable.
 // Deprecated: use Load instead.
-func LoadConfig(file string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) error {
+func LoadConfig(file string, v any, opts ...Option) error {
 	return Load(file, v, opts...)
 }
 
 // LoadFromJsonBytes loads config into v from content json bytes.
-func LoadFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
-	var m map[string]interface{}
-	if err := jsonx.Unmarshal(content, &m); err != nil {
+func LoadFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
+	info, err := buildFieldsInfo(reflect.TypeOf(v), "")
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return mapping.UnmarshalJsonMap(toCamelCaseKeyMap(m), v, mapping.WithCanonicalKeyFunc(toCamelCase))
+	var m map[string]any
+	if err = jsonx.Unmarshal(content, &m); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	lowerCaseKeyMap := toLowerCaseKeyMap(m, info)
+
+	return mapping.UnmarshalJsonMap(lowerCaseKeyMap, v, mapping.WithCanonicalKeyFunc(toLowerCase))
 }
 
 // LoadConfigFromJsonBytes loads config into v from content json bytes.
 // Deprecated: use LoadFromJsonBytes instead.
-func LoadConfigFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func LoadConfigFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
 	return LoadFromJsonBytes(content, v)
 }
 
 // LoadFromTomlBytes loads config into v from content toml bytes.
-func LoadFromTomlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func LoadFromTomlBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
 	b, err := encoding.TomlToJson(content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -78,7 +105,7 @@ func LoadFromTomlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // LoadFromYamlBytes loads config into v from content yaml bytes.
-func LoadFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func LoadFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
 	b, err := encoding.YamlToJson(content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -89,64 +116,200 @@ func LoadFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
 
 // LoadConfigFromYamlBytes loads config into v from content yaml bytes.
 // Deprecated: use LoadFromYamlBytes instead.
-func LoadConfigFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func LoadConfigFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
 	return LoadFromYamlBytes(content, v)
 }
 
 // MustLoad loads config into v from path, exits on error.
-func MustLoad(path string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) {
+func MustLoad(path string, v any, opts ...Option) {
 	if err := Load(path, v, opts...); err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("error: config file %s, %s", path, err.Error())
 	}
 }
 
-func toCamelCase(s string) string {
-	var buf strings.Builder
-	buf.Grow(len(s))
-	var capNext bool
-	boundary := true
-	for _, v := range s {
-		isCap := v >= 'A' && v <= 'Z'
-		isLow := v >= 'a' && v <= 'z'
-		if boundary && (isCap || isLow) {
-			if capNext {
-				if isLow {
-					v -= distanceBetweenUpperAndLower
-				}
-			} else {
-				if isCap {
-					v += distanceBetweenUpperAndLower
-				}
-			}
-			boundary = false
+func addOrMergeFields(info *fieldInfo, key string, child *fieldInfo, fullName string) error {
+	if prev, ok := info.children[key]; ok {
+		if child.mapField != nil {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
 		}
-		if isCap || isLow {
-			buf.WriteRune(v)
-			capNext = false
-		} else if v == ' ' || v == '\t' {
-			buf.WriteRune(v)
-			capNext = false
-			boundary = true
-		} else if v == '_' {
-			capNext = true
-			boundary = true
-		} else {
-			buf.WriteRune(v)
-			capNext = true
+
+		if err := mergeFields(prev, key, child.children, fullName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		info.children[key] = child
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildAnonymousFieldInfo(info *fieldInfo, lowerCaseName string, ft reflect.Type, fullName string) error {
+	switch ft.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		fields, err := buildFieldsInfo(ft, fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for k, v := range fields.children {
+			if err = addOrMergeFields(info, k, v, fullName); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		elemField, err := buildFieldsInfo(mapping.Deref(ft.Elem()), fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := info.children[lowerCaseName]; ok {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		info.children[lowerCaseName] = &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+			mapField: elemField,
+		}
+	default:
+		if _, ok := info.children[lowerCaseName]; ok {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		info.children[lowerCaseName] = &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
 		}
 	}
 
-	return buf.String()
+	return nil
 }
 
-func toCamelCaseInterface(v interface{}) interface{} {
+func buildFieldsInfo(tp reflect.Type, fullName string) (*fieldInfo, error) {
+	tp = mapping.Deref(tp)
+
+	switch tp.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		return buildStructFieldsInfo(tp, fullName)
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		return buildFieldsInfo(mapping.Deref(tp.Elem()), fullName)
+	case reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %s", tp.Kind())
+	default:
+		return &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func buildNamedFieldInfo(info *fieldInfo, lowerCaseName string, ft reflect.Type, fullName string) error {
+	var finfo *fieldInfo
+	var err error
+
+	switch ft.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		finfo, err = buildFieldsInfo(ft, fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		finfo, err = buildFieldsInfo(ft.Elem(), fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		elemInfo, err := buildFieldsInfo(mapping.Deref(ft.Elem()), fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		finfo = &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+			mapField: elemInfo,
+		}
+	default:
+		finfo, err = buildFieldsInfo(ft, fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return addOrMergeFields(info, lowerCaseName, finfo, fullName)
+}
+
+func buildStructFieldsInfo(tp reflect.Type, fullName string) (*fieldInfo, error) {
+	info := &fieldInfo{
+		children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < tp.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := tp.Field(i)
+		if !field.IsExported() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name := getTagName(field)
+		lowerCaseName := toLowerCase(name)
+		ft := mapping.Deref(field.Type)
+		// flatten anonymous fields
+		if field.Anonymous {
+			if err := buildAnonymousFieldInfo(info, lowerCaseName, ft,
+				getFullName(fullName, lowerCaseName)); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		} else if err := buildNamedFieldInfo(info, lowerCaseName, ft,
+			getFullName(fullName, lowerCaseName)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+// getTagName get the tag name of the given field, if no tag name, use file.Name.
+// field.Name is returned on tags like `json:""` and `json:",optional"`.
+func getTagName(field reflect.StructField) string {
+	if tag, ok := field.Tag.Lookup(jsonTagKey); ok {
+		if pos := strings.IndexByte(tag, jsonTagSep); pos >= 0 {
+			tag = tag[:pos]
+		}
+
+		tag = strings.TrimSpace(tag)
+		if len(tag) > 0 {
+			return tag
+		}
+	}
+
+	return field.Name
+}
+
+func mergeFields(prev *fieldInfo, key string, children map[string]*fieldInfo, fullName string) error {
+	if len(prev.children) == 0 || len(children) == 0 {
+		return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+	}
+
+	// merge fields
+	for k, v := range children {
+		if _, ok := prev.children[k]; ok {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		prev.children[k] = v
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toLowerCase(s string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(s)
+}
+
+func toLowerCaseInterface(v any, info *fieldInfo) any {
 	switch vv := v.(type) {
-	case map[string]interface{}:
-		return toCamelCaseKeyMap(vv)
-	case []interface{}:
-		var arr []interface{}
+	case map[string]any:
+		return toLowerCaseKeyMap(vv, info)
+	case []any:
+		var arr []any
 		for _, vvv := range vv {
-			arr = append(arr, toCamelCaseInterface(vvv))
+			arr = append(arr, toLowerCaseInterface(vvv, info))
 		}
 		return arr
 	default:
@@ -154,11 +317,45 @@ func toCamelCaseInterface(v interface{}) interface{} {
 	}
 }
 
-func toCamelCaseKeyMap(m map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
-	res := make(map[string]interface{})
+func toLowerCaseKeyMap(m map[string]any, info *fieldInfo) map[string]any {
+	res := make(map[string]any)
+
 	for k, v := range m {
-		res[toCamelCase(k)] = toCamelCaseInterface(v)
+		ti, ok := info.children[k]
+		if ok {
+			res[k] = toLowerCaseInterface(v, ti)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		lk := toLowerCase(k)
+		if ti, ok = info.children[lk]; ok {
+			res[lk] = toLowerCaseInterface(v, ti)
+		} else if info.mapField != nil {
+			res[k] = toLowerCaseInterface(v, info.mapField)
+		} else {
+			res[k] = v
+		}
 	}
 
 	return res
 }
+
+type conflictKeyError struct {
+	key string
+}
+
+func newConflictKeyError(key string) conflictKeyError {
+	return conflictKeyError{key: key}
+}
+
+func (e conflictKeyError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("conflict key %s, pay attention to anonymous fields", e.key)
+}
+
+func getFullName(parent, child string) string {
+	if len(parent) == 0 {
+		return child
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join([]string{parent, child}, ".")
+}

core/conf/properties.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 // PropertyError represents a configuration error message.
 type PropertyError struct {
-	error
 	message string
 }
 

core/conf/readme.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ```go
 type RestfulConf struct {
+  ServiceName  string        `json:",env=SERVICE_NAME"`  // read from env automatically
 	Host         string        `json:",default=0.0.0.0"`
 	Port         int
 	LogMode      string        `json:",options=[file,console]"`
@@ -21,20 +22,20 @@ type RestfulConf struct {
 
 ```yaml
 # most fields are optional or have default values
-Port: 8080
-LogMode: console
+port: 8080
+logMode: console
 # you can use env settings
-MaxBytes: ${MAX_BYTES}
+maxBytes: ${MAX_BYTES}
 ```
 
 - toml example
 
 ```toml
 # most fields are optional or have default values
-Port = 8_080
-LogMode = "console"
+port = 8_080
+logMode = "console"
 # you can use env settings
-MaxBytes = "${MAX_BYTES}"
+maxBytes = "${MAX_BYTES}"
 ```
 
 3. Load the config from a file:

core/contextx/unmarshaler.go

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ type contextValuer struct {
 	context.Context
 }
 
-func (cv contextValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (cv contextValuer) Value(key string) (any, bool) {
 	v := cv.Context.Value(key)
 	return v, v != nil
 }
 
 // For unmarshals ctx into v.
-func For(ctx context.Context, v interface{}) error {
+func For(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
 	return unmarshaler.UnmarshalValuer(contextValuer{
 		Context: ctx,
 	}, v)

core/discov/config.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ var (
 type EtcdConf struct {
 	Hosts              []string
 	Key                string
+	ID                 int64  `json:",optional"`
 	User               string `json:",optional"`
 	Pass               string `json:",optional"`
 	CertFile           string `json:",optional"`
@@ -26,6 +27,11 @@ func (c EtcdConf) HasAccount() bool {
 	return len(c.User) > 0 && len(c.Pass) > 0
 }
 
+// HasID returns if ID provided.
+func (c EtcdConf) HasID() bool {
+	return c.ID > 0
+}
+
 // HasTLS returns if TLS CertFile/CertKeyFile/CACertFile are provided.
 func (c EtcdConf) HasTLS() bool {
 	return len(c.CertFile) > 0 && len(c.CertKeyFile) > 0 && len(c.CACertFile) > 0

core/discov/config_test.go

@@ -80,3 +80,90 @@ func TestEtcdConf_HasAccount(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, test.hasAccount, test.EtcdConf.HasAccount())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEtcdConf_HasID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		EtcdConf
+		hasServerID bool
+	}{
+		{
+			EtcdConf: EtcdConf{
+				Hosts: []string{"any"},
+				ID:    -1,
+			},
+			hasServerID: false,
+		},
+		{
+			EtcdConf: EtcdConf{
+				Hosts: []string{"any"},
+				ID:    0,
+			},
+			hasServerID: false,
+		},
+		{
+			EtcdConf: EtcdConf{
+				Hosts: []string{"any"},
+				ID:    10000,
+			},
+			hasServerID: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(t, test.hasServerID, test.EtcdConf.HasID())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdConf_HasTLS(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		conf EtcdConf
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty config",
+			conf: EtcdConf{},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing CertFile",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertKeyFile: "key",
+				CACertFile:  "ca",
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing CertKeyFile",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertFile:   "cert",
+				CACertFile: "ca",
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing CACertFile",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertFile:    "cert",
+				CertKeyFile: "key",
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid config",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertFile:    "cert",
+				CertKeyFile: "key",
+				CACertFile:  "ca",
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := tt.conf.HasTLS()
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

core/discov/internal/accountmanager_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,85 @@
 package internal
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
 )
 
+const (
+	certContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+	keyContent = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAumVeVawh/Q78iCcimWaJkcoafHJ/K5/ITYUFE2Q6h9Gpsq48
+fwY2puS9mbs3b1/BMMBD6ZWICCAKQOG3iE7OhYkwDspgm3wmdNJYvjwzWVyulz0M
+vaCzML8kX8Ua/IA1sG0uSWRk8UEZ0dRfXimOtP3fvCo+2b5KpQdK9FMHtubCabZ2
+tFyaGlWb3wtKVXu5DYSCcmCwuME8hMpR6MuZUsd+BfRHBDbEilf2lLgUJ7UFNpzC
+XaAansyN7vLgx+/ejQCslbpO7BuPHn1lfBvUog/vVvttPTgBVLxl5g5Qwsoq4HlR
+H3H1Gfpwtc5NYGlwxXLMOCsAUtmOcT0s9SiVkwIDAQABAoIBAD5meTJNMgO55Kjg
+ESExxpRcCIno+tHr5+6rvYtEXqPheOIsmmwb9Gfi4+Z3WpOaht5/Pz0Ppj6yGzyl
+U//6AgGKb+BDuBvVcDpjwPnOxZIBCSHwejdxeQu0scSuA97MPS0XIAvJ5FEv7ijk
+5Bht6SyGYURpECltHygoTNuGgGqmO+McCJRLE9L09lTBI6UQ/JQwWJqSr7wx6iPU
+M1Ze/srIV+7cyEPu6i0DGjS1gSQKkX68Lqn1w6oE290O+OZvleO0gZ02fLDWCZke
+aeD9+EU/Pw+rqm3H6o0szOFIpzhRp41FUdW9sybB3Yp3u7c/574E+04Z/e30LMKs
+TCtE1QECgYEA3K7KIpw0NH2HXL5C3RHcLmr204xeBfS70riBQQuVUgYdmxak2ima
+80RInskY8hRhSGTg0l+VYIH8cmjcUyqMSOELS5XfRH99r4QPiK8AguXg80T4VumY
+W3Pf+zEC2ssgP/gYthV0g0Xj5m2QxktOF9tRw5nkg739ZR4dI9lm/iECgYEA2Dnf
+uwEDGqHiQRF6/fh5BG/nGVMvrefkqx6WvTJQ3k/M/9WhxB+lr/8yH46TuS8N2b29
+FoTf3Mr9T7pr/PWkOPzoY3P56nYbKU8xSwCim9xMzhBMzj8/N9ukJvXy27/VOz56
+eQaKqnvdXNGtPJrIMDGHps2KKWlKLyAlapzjVTMCgYAA/W++tACv85g13EykfT4F
+n0k4LbsGP9DP4zABQLIMyiY72eAncmRVjwrcW36XJ2xATOONTgx3gF3HjZzfaqNy
+eD/6uNNllUTVEryXGmHgNHPL45VRnn6memCY2eFvZdXhM5W4y2PYaunY0MkDercA
++GTngbs6tBF88KOk04bYwQKBgFl68cRgsdkmnwwQYNaTKfmVGYzYaQXNzkqmWPko
+xmCJo6tHzC7ubdG8iRCYHzfmahPuuj6EdGPZuSRyYFgJi5Ftz/nAN+84OxtIQ3zn
+YWOgskQgaLh9YfsKsQ7Sf1NDOsnOnD5TX7UXl07fEpLe9vNCvAFiU8e5Y9LGudU5
+4bYTAoGBAMdX3a3bXp4cZvXNBJ/QLVyxC6fP1Q4haCR1Od3m+T00Jth2IX2dk/fl
+p6xiJT1av5JtYabv1dFKaXOS5s1kLGGuCCSKpkvFZm826aQ2AFm0XGqEQDLeei5b
+A52Kpy/YJ+RkG4BTFtAooFq6DmA0cnoP6oPvG2h6XtDJwDTPInJb
+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`
+	caContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+)
+
 func TestAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	endpoints := []string{
 		"192.168.0.2:2379",
@@ -32,3 +105,34 @@ func TestAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, username, account.User)
 	assert.Equal(t, anotherPassword, account.Pass)
 }
+
+func TestTLSMethods(t *testing.T) {
+	certFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(certContent))
+	defer os.Remove(certFile)
+	keyFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(keyContent))
+	defer os.Remove(keyFile)
+	caFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(caContent))
+	defer os.Remove(caFile)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, AddTLS([]string{"foo"}, certFile, keyFile, caFile, false))
+	cfg, ok := GetTLS([]string{"foo"})
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	assert.Error(t, AddTLS([]string{"bar"}, "bad-file", keyFile, caFile, false))
+	assert.Error(t, AddTLS([]string{"bar"}, certFile, keyFile, "bad-file", false))
+}
+
+func createTempFile(t *testing.T, body []byte) string {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-unit-*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tmpFile.Close()
+	if err = os.WriteFile(tmpFile.Name(), body, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return tmpFile.Name()
+}

core/discov/internal/etcdclient_mock.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Ctx() *gomock.Call {
 // Get mocks base method
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3.OpOption) (*clientv3.GetResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{ctx, key}
+	varargs := []any{ctx, key}
 	for _, a := range opts {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3.O
 }
 
 // Get indicates an expected call of Get
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Get(ctx, key interface{}, opts ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Get(ctx, key any, opts ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{ctx, key}, opts...)
+	varargs := append([]any{ctx, key}, opts...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Get", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Get), varargs...)
 }
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Grant(ctx context.Context, ttl int64) (*clientv3.LeaseG
 }
 
 // Grant indicates an expected call of Grant
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Grant(ctx, ttl interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Grant(ctx, ttl any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Grant", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Grant), ctx, ttl)
 }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) KeepAlive(ctx context.Context, id clientv3.LeaseID) (<-
 }
 
 // KeepAlive indicates an expected call of KeepAlive
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) KeepAlive(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) KeepAlive(ctx, id any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "KeepAlive", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).KeepAlive), ctx, id)
 }
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) KeepAlive(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Cal
 // Put mocks base method
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Put(ctx context.Context, key, val string, opts ...clientv3.OpOption) (*clientv3.PutResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{ctx, key, val}
+	varargs := []any{ctx, key, val}
 	for _, a := range opts {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Put(ctx context.Context, key, val string, opts ...clien
 }
 
 // Put indicates an expected call of Put
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Put(ctx, key, val interface{}, opts ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Put(ctx, key, val any, opts ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{ctx, key, val}, opts...)
+	varargs := append([]any{ctx, key, val}, opts...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Put", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Put), varargs...)
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Revoke(ctx context.Context, id clientv3.LeaseID) (*clie
 }
 
 // Revoke indicates an expected call of Revoke
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Revoke(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Revoke(ctx, id any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Revoke", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Revoke), ctx, id)
 }
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Revoke(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
 // Watch mocks base method
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Watch(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3.OpOption) clientv3.WatchChan {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{ctx, key}
+	varargs := []any{ctx, key}
 	for _, a := range opts {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Watch(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3
 }
 
 // Watch indicates an expected call of Watch
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Watch(ctx, key interface{}, opts ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Watch(ctx, key any, opts ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{ctx, key}, opts...)
+	varargs := append([]any{ctx, key}, opts...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Watch", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Watch), varargs...)
 }

core/discov/internal/registry_test.go

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/mvccpb"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/mock/mockserver"
 )
 
 var mockLock sync.Mutex
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ func TestCluster_Watch(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Equal(t, "world", kv.Val)
 				wg.Done()
 			}).MaxTimes(1)
-			listener.EXPECT().OnDelete(gomock.Any()).Do(func(_ interface{}) {
+			listener.EXPECT().OnDelete(gomock.Any()).Do(func(_ any) {
 				wg.Done()
 			}).MaxTimes(1)
 			go c.watch(cli, "any", 0)
@@ -242,3 +245,58 @@ func TestValueOnlyContext(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx.Done()
 	assert.Nil(t, ctx.Err())
 }
+
+func TestDialClient(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, err := mockserver.StartMockServers(1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	svr.StartAt(0)
+
+	certFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(certContent))
+	defer os.Remove(certFile)
+	keyFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(keyContent))
+	defer os.Remove(keyFile)
+	caFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(caContent))
+	defer os.Remove(caFile)
+
+	endpoints := []string{svr.Servers[0].Address}
+	AddAccount(endpoints, "foo", "bar")
+	assert.NoError(t, AddTLS(endpoints, certFile, keyFile, caFile, false))
+
+	old := DialTimeout
+	DialTimeout = time.Millisecond
+	defer func() {
+		DialTimeout = old
+	}()
+	_, err = DialClient(endpoints)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRegistry_Monitor(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, err := mockserver.StartMockServers(1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	svr.StartAt(0)
+
+	endpoints := []string{svr.Servers[0].Address}
+	GetRegistry().lock.Lock()
+	GetRegistry().clusters = map[string]*cluster{
+		getClusterKey(endpoints): {
+			listeners: map[string][]UpdateListener{},
+			values: map[string]map[string]string{
+				"foo": {
+					"bar": "baz",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	GetRegistry().lock.Unlock()
+	assert.Error(t, GetRegistry().Monitor(endpoints, "foo", new(mockListener)))
+}
+
+type mockListener struct {
+}
+
+func (m *mockListener) OnAdd(_ KV) {
+}
+
+func (m *mockListener) OnDelete(_ KV) {
+}

core/discov/internal/statewatcher_mock.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (m *MocketcdConn) WaitForStateChange(ctx context.Context, sourceState conne
 }
 
 // WaitForStateChange indicates an expected call of WaitForStateChange
-func (mr *MocketcdConnMockRecorder) WaitForStateChange(ctx, sourceState interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MocketcdConnMockRecorder) WaitForStateChange(ctx, sourceState any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "WaitForStateChange", reflect.TypeOf((*MocketcdConn)(nil).WaitForStateChange), ctx, sourceState)
 }

core/discov/internal/updatelistener_mock.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (m *MockUpdateListener) OnAdd(kv KV) {
 }
 
 // OnAdd indicates an expected call of OnAdd
-func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnAdd(kv interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnAdd(kv any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnAdd", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUpdateListener)(nil).OnAdd), kv)
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (m *MockUpdateListener) OnDelete(kv KV) {
 }
 
 // OnDelete indicates an expected call of OnDelete
-func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnDelete(kv interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnDelete(kv any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnDelete", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUpdateListener)(nil).OnDelete), kv)
 }

core/discov/publisher.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package discov
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/discov/internal"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
@@ -51,12 +53,7 @@ func NewPublisher(endpoints []string, key, value string, opts ...PubOption) *Pub
 
 // KeepAlive keeps key:value alive.
 func (p *Publisher) KeepAlive() error {
-	cli, err := internal.GetRegistry().GetConn(p.endpoints)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	p.lease, err = p.register(cli)
+	cli, err := p.doRegister()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -83,6 +80,43 @@ func (p *Publisher) Stop() {
 	p.quit.Close()
 }
 
+func (p *Publisher) doKeepAlive() error {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for range ticker.C {
+		select {
+		case <-p.quit.Done():
+			return nil
+		default:
+			cli, err := p.doRegister()
+			if err != nil {
+				logx.Errorf("etcd publisher doRegister: %s", err.Error())
+				break
+			}
+
+			if err := p.keepAliveAsync(cli); err != nil {
+				logx.Errorf("etcd publisher keepAliveAsync: %s", err.Error())
+				break
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Publisher) doRegister() (internal.EtcdClient, error) {
+	cli, err := internal.GetRegistry().GetConn(p.endpoints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	p.lease, err = p.register(cli)
+	return cli, err
+}
+
 func (p *Publisher) keepAliveAsync(cli internal.EtcdClient) error {
 	ch, err := cli.KeepAlive(cli.Ctx(), p.lease)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -95,8 +129,8 @@ func (p *Publisher) keepAliveAsync(cli internal.EtcdClient) error {
 			case _, ok := <-ch:
 				if !ok {
 					p.revoke(cli)
-					if err := p.KeepAlive(); err != nil {
-						logx.Errorf("KeepAlive: %s", err.Error())
+					if err := p.doKeepAlive(); err != nil {
+						logx.Errorf("etcd publisher KeepAlive: %s", err.Error())
 					}
 					return
 				}
@@ -105,8 +139,8 @@ func (p *Publisher) keepAliveAsync(cli internal.EtcdClient) error {
 				p.revoke(cli)
 				select {
 				case <-p.resumeChan:
-					if err := p.KeepAlive(); err != nil {
-						logx.Errorf("KeepAlive: %s", err.Error())
+					if err := p.doKeepAlive(); err != nil {
+						logx.Errorf("etcd publisher KeepAlive: %s", err.Error())
 					}
 					return
 				case <-p.quit.Done():
@@ -141,7 +175,7 @@ func (p *Publisher) register(client internal.EtcdClient) (clientv3.LeaseID, erro
 
 func (p *Publisher) revoke(cli internal.EtcdClient) {
 	if _, err := cli.Revoke(cli.Ctx(), p.lease); err != nil {
-		logx.Error(err)
+		logx.Errorf("etcd publisher revoke: %s", err.Error())
 	}
 }
 

core/discov/publisher_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package discov
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -13,6 +16,83 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/resolver"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/resolver/manual"
+)
+
+const (
+	certContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+	keyContent = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`
+	caContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -37,7 +117,7 @@ func TestPublisher_register(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestPublisher_registerWithId(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPublisher_registerWithOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	defer ctrl.Finish()
 	const id = 2
@@ -49,7 +129,15 @@ func TestPublisher_registerWithId(t *testing.T) {
 		ID: 1,
 	}, nil)
 	cli.EXPECT().Put(gomock.Any(), makeEtcdKey("thekey", id), "thevalue", gomock.Any())
-	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue", WithId(id))
+
+	certFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(certContent))
+	defer os.Remove(certFile)
+	keyFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(keyContent))
+	defer os.Remove(keyFile)
+	caFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(caContent))
+	defer os.Remove(caFile)
+	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue", WithId(id),
+		WithPubEtcdTLS(certFile, keyFile, caFile, true))
 	_, err := pub.register(cli)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 }
@@ -125,7 +213,7 @@ func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncQuit(t *testing.T) {
 	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(1)
-	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ interface{}) {
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
 		wg.Done()
 	})
 	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue")
@@ -147,7 +235,7 @@ func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncPause(t *testing.T) {
 	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue")
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(1)
-	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ interface{}) {
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
 		pub.Stop()
 		wg.Done()
 	})
@@ -169,3 +257,92 @@ func TestPublisher_Resume(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 	<-publisher.resumeChan
 }
+
+func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsync(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	const id clientv3.LeaseID = 1
+	conn := createMockConn(t)
+	defer conn.Close()
+	cli := internal.NewMockEtcdClient(ctrl)
+	cli.EXPECT().ActiveConnection().Return(conn).AnyTimes()
+	cli.EXPECT().Close()
+	defer cli.Close()
+	cli.ActiveConnection()
+	restore := setMockClient(cli)
+	defer restore()
+	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().AnyTimes()
+	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
+	cli.EXPECT().Grant(gomock.Any(), timeToLive).Return(&clientv3.LeaseGrantResponse{
+		ID: 1,
+	}, nil)
+	cli.EXPECT().Put(gomock.Any(), makeEtcdKey("thekey", int64(id)), "thevalue", gomock.Any())
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
+		wg.Done()
+	})
+	pub := NewPublisher([]string{"the-endpoint"}, "thekey", "thevalue")
+	pub.lease = id
+	assert.Nil(t, pub.KeepAlive())
+	pub.Stop()
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func createMockConn(t *testing.T) *grpc.ClientConn {
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error while listening. Err: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer lis.Close()
+	lisAddr := resolver.Address{Addr: lis.Addr().String()}
+	lisDone := make(chan struct{})
+	dialDone := make(chan struct{})
+	// 1st listener accepts the connection and then does nothing
+	go func() {
+		defer close(lisDone)
+		conn, err := lis.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Error while accepting. Err: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		framer := http2.NewFramer(conn, conn)
+		if err := framer.WriteSettings(http2.Setting{}); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Error while writing settings. Err: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		<-dialDone // Close conn only after dial returns.
+	}()
+
+	r := manual.NewBuilderWithScheme("whatever")
+	r.InitialState(resolver.State{Addresses: []resolver.Address{lisAddr}})
+	client, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), r.Scheme()+":///test.server",
+		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()), grpc.WithResolvers(r))
+	close(dialDone)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Dial failed. Err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	timeout := time.After(1 * time.Second)
+	select {
+	case <-timeout:
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for server to finish")
+	case <-lisDone:
+	}
+
+	return client
+}
+
+func createTempFile(t *testing.T, body []byte) string {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-unit-*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tmpFile.Close()
+	if err = os.WriteFile(tmpFile.Name(), body, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return tmpFile.Name()
+}

core/errorx/wrap.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func Wrap(err error, message string) error {
 }
 
 // Wrapf returns an error that wraps err with given format and args.
-func Wrapf(err error, format string, args ...interface{}) error {
+func Wrapf(err error, format string, args ...any) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		return nil
 	}

core/executors/bulkexecutor.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func NewBulkExecutor(execute Execute, opts ...BulkOption) *BulkExecutor {
 }
 
 // Add adds task into be.
-func (be *BulkExecutor) Add(task interface{}) error {
+func (be *BulkExecutor) Add(task any) error {
 	be.executor.Add(task)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -79,22 +79,22 @@ func newBulkOptions() bulkOptions {
 }
 
 type bulkContainer struct {
-	tasks    []interface{}
+	tasks    []any
 	execute  Execute
 	maxTasks int
 }
 
-func (bc *bulkContainer) AddTask(task interface{}) bool {
+func (bc *bulkContainer) AddTask(task any) bool {
 	bc.tasks = append(bc.tasks, task)
 	return len(bc.tasks) >= bc.maxTasks
 }
 
-func (bc *bulkContainer) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
-	vals := tasks.([]interface{})
+func (bc *bulkContainer) Execute(tasks any) {
+	vals := tasks.([]any)
 	bc.execute(vals)
 }
 
-func (bc *bulkContainer) RemoveAll() interface{} {
+func (bc *bulkContainer) RemoveAll() any {
 	tasks := bc.tasks
 	bc.tasks = nil
 	return tasks

core/executors/bulkexecutor_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	var values []int
 	var lock sync.Mutex
 
-	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		values = append(values, len(items))
 		lock.Unlock()
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 
 	wait.Add(1)
-	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, size, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithBulkTasks(caches), WithBulkInterval(time.Millisecond*100))
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBulkExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Fail(t, "should not called")
 	}, WithBulkTasks(10), WithBulkInterval(time.Millisecond))
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 	wait.Add(1)
-	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, tasks, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithBulkTasks(caches), WithBulkInterval(time.Minute))
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBuldExecutorFlushSlowTasks(t *testing.T) {
 	const total = 1500
 	lock := new(sync.Mutex)
-	result := make([]interface{}, 0, 10000)
-	exec := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	result := make([]any, 0, 10000)
+	exec := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 		lock.Lock()
 		defer lock.Unlock()
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestBuldExecutorFlushSlowTasks(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkBulkExecutor(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(len(tasks)))
 	})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

core/executors/chunkexecutor.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func NewChunkExecutor(execute Execute, opts ...ChunkOption) *ChunkExecutor {
 }
 
 // Add adds task with given chunk size into ce.
-func (ce *ChunkExecutor) Add(task interface{}, size int) error {
+func (ce *ChunkExecutor) Add(task any, size int) error {
 	ce.executor.Add(chunk{
 		val:  task,
 		size: size,
@@ -82,25 +82,25 @@ func newChunkOptions() chunkOptions {
 }
 
 type chunkContainer struct {
-	tasks        []interface{}
+	tasks        []any
 	execute      Execute
 	size         int
 	maxChunkSize int
 }
 
-func (bc *chunkContainer) AddTask(task interface{}) bool {
+func (bc *chunkContainer) AddTask(task any) bool {
 	ck := task.(chunk)
 	bc.tasks = append(bc.tasks, ck.val)
 	bc.size += ck.size
 	return bc.size >= bc.maxChunkSize
 }
 
-func (bc *chunkContainer) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
-	vals := tasks.([]interface{})
+func (bc *chunkContainer) Execute(tasks any) {
+	vals := tasks.([]any)
 	bc.execute(vals)
 }
 
-func (bc *chunkContainer) RemoveAll() interface{} {
+func (bc *chunkContainer) RemoveAll() any {
 	tasks := bc.tasks
 	bc.tasks = nil
 	bc.size = 0
@@ -108,6 +108,6 @@ func (bc *chunkContainer) RemoveAll() interface{} {
 }
 
 type chunk struct {
-	val  interface{}
+	val  any
 	size int
 }

core/executors/chunkexecutor_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	var values []int
 	var lock sync.Mutex
 
-	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		values = append(values, len(items))
 		lock.Unlock()
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 
 	wait.Add(1)
-	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, size, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithChunkBytes(caches), WithFlushInterval(time.Millisecond*100))
@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestChunkExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Fail(t, "should not called")
 	}, WithChunkBytes(10), WithFlushInterval(time.Millisecond))
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
+	executor.Wait()
 }
 
 func TestChunkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 	wait.Add(1)
-	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, tasks, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithChunkBytes(caches), WithFlushInterval(time.Minute))
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkChunkExecutor(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(len(tasks)))
 	})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

core/executors/periodicalexecutor.go

@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ type (
 	TaskContainer interface {
 		// AddTask adds the task into the container.
 		// Returns true if the container needs to be flushed after the addition.
-		AddTask(task interface{}) bool
+		AddTask(task any) bool
 		// Execute handles the collected tasks by the container when flushing.
-		Execute(tasks interface{})
+		Execute(tasks any)
 		// RemoveAll removes the contained tasks, and return them.
-		RemoveAll() interface{}
+		RemoveAll() any
 	}
 
 	// A PeriodicalExecutor is an executor that periodically execute tasks.
 	PeriodicalExecutor struct {
-		commander chan interface{}
+		commander chan any
 		interval  time.Duration
 		container TaskContainer
 		waitGroup sync.WaitGroup
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type (
 func NewPeriodicalExecutor(interval time.Duration, container TaskContainer) *PeriodicalExecutor {
 	executor := &PeriodicalExecutor{
 		// buffer 1 to let the caller go quickly
-		commander:   make(chan interface{}, 1),
+		commander:   make(chan any, 1),
 		interval:    interval,
 		container:   container,
 		confirmChan: make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func NewPeriodicalExecutor(interval time.Duration, container TaskContainer) *Per
 }
 
 // Add adds tasks into pe.
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Add(task interface{}) {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Add(task any) {
 	if vals, ok := pe.addAndCheck(task); ok {
 		pe.commander <- vals
 		<-pe.confirmChan
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Add(task interface{}) {
 // Flush forces pe to execute tasks.
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Flush() bool {
 	pe.enterExecution()
-	return pe.executeTasks(func() interface{} {
+	return pe.executeTasks(func() any {
 		pe.lock.Lock()
 		defer pe.lock.Unlock()
 		return pe.container.RemoveAll()
 	}())
 }
 
-// Sync lets caller to run fn thread-safe with pe, especially for the underlying container.
+// Sync lets caller run fn thread-safe with pe, especially for the underlying container.
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Sync(fn func()) {
 	pe.lock.Lock()
 	defer pe.lock.Unlock()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Wait() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) addAndCheck(task interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) addAndCheck(task any) (any, bool) {
 	pe.lock.Lock()
 	defer func() {
 		if !pe.guarded {
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) addAndCheck(task interface{}) (interface{}, bool)
 }
 
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) backgroundFlush() {
-	threading.GoSafe(func() {
+	go func() {
 		// flush before quit goroutine to avoid missing tasks
 		defer pe.Flush()
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) backgroundFlush() {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-	})
+	}()
 }
 
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) doneExecution() {
@@ -157,18 +157,20 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) enterExecution() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) executeTasks(tasks interface{}) bool {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) executeTasks(tasks any) bool {
 	defer pe.doneExecution()
 
 	ok := pe.hasTasks(tasks)
 	if ok {
-		pe.container.Execute(tasks)
+		threading.RunSafe(func() {
+			pe.container.Execute(tasks)
+		})
 	}
 
 	return ok
 }
 
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) hasTasks(tasks interface{}) bool {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) hasTasks(tasks any) bool {
 	if tasks == nil {
 		return false
 	}

core/executors/periodicalexecutor_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/timex"
 )
 
@@ -16,22 +17,22 @@ const threshold = 10
 type container struct {
 	interval time.Duration
 	tasks    []int
-	execute  func(tasks interface{})
+	execute  func(tasks any)
 }
 
-func newContainer(interval time.Duration, execute func(tasks interface{})) *container {
+func newContainer(interval time.Duration, execute func(tasks any)) *container {
 	return &container{
 		interval: interval,
 		execute:  execute,
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *container) AddTask(task interface{}) bool {
+func (c *container) AddTask(task any) bool {
 	c.tasks = append(c.tasks, task.(int))
 	return len(c.tasks) > threshold
 }
 
-func (c *container) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
+func (c *container) Execute(tasks any) {
 	if c.execute != nil {
 		c.execute(tasks)
 	} else {
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func (c *container) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *container) RemoveAll() interface{} {
+func (c *container) RemoveAll() any {
 	tasks := c.tasks
 	c.tasks = nil
 	return tasks
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_QuitGoroutine(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker.Tick()
 	ticker.Wait(time.Millisecond * idleRound)
 	assert.Equal(t, routines, runtime.NumGoroutine())
+	proc.Shutdown()
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Bulk(t *testing.T) {
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Bulk(t *testing.T) {
 	var vals []int
 	// avoid data race
 	var lock sync.Mutex
-	exec := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks interface{}) {
+	exec := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks any) {
 		t := tasks.([]int)
 		for _, each := range t {
 			lock.Lock()
@@ -106,9 +108,67 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Bulk(t *testing.T) {
 	lock.Unlock()
 }
 
+func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Panic(t *testing.T) {
+	// avoid data race
+	var lock sync.Mutex
+	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
+
+	var (
+		executedTasks []int
+		expected      []int
+	)
+	executor := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks any) {
+		tt := tasks.([]int)
+		lock.Lock()
+		executedTasks = append(executedTasks, tt...)
+		lock.Unlock()
+		if tt[0] == 0 {
+			panic("test")
+		}
+	}))
+	executor.newTicker = func(duration time.Duration) timex.Ticker {
+		return ticker
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
+		executor.Add(i)
+		expected = append(expected, i)
+	}
+	ticker.Tick()
+	ticker.Tick()
+	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	lock.Lock()
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, executedTasks)
+	lock.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestPeriodicalExecutor_FlushPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		executedTasks []int
+		expected      []int
+		lock          sync.Mutex
+	)
+	executor := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks any) {
+		tt := tasks.([]int)
+		lock.Lock()
+		executedTasks = append(executedTasks, tt...)
+		lock.Unlock()
+		if tt[0] == 0 {
+			panic("flush panic")
+		}
+	}))
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		executor.Add(i)
+		expected = append(expected, i)
+	}
+	executor.Flush()
+	lock.Lock()
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, executedTasks)
+	lock.Unlock()
+}
+
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Wait(t *testing.T) {
 	var lock sync.Mutex
-	executer := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	executer := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		defer lock.Unlock()
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
@@ -124,7 +184,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_WaitFast(t *testing.T) {
 	const total = 3
 	var cnt int
 	var lock sync.Mutex
-	executer := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	executer := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		defer func() {
 			cnt++
 		}()
@@ -141,7 +201,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_WaitFast(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Deadlock(t *testing.T) {
-	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 	}, WithBulkTasks(1), WithBulkInterval(time.Millisecond))
 	for i := 0; i < 1e5; i++ {
 		executor.Add(1)
@@ -149,13 +209,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Deadlock(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_hasTasks(t *testing.T) {
-	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
 	exec := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, nil))
-	exec.newTicker = func(d time.Duration) timex.Ticker {
-		return ticker
-	}
 	assert.False(t, exec.hasTasks(nil))
 	assert.True(t, exec.hasTasks(1))
 }

core/executors/vars.go

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ import "time"
 const defaultFlushInterval = time.Second
 
 // Execute defines the method to execute tasks.
-type Execute func(tasks []interface{})
+type Execute func(tasks []any)

core/fs/files+polyfill.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build windows
-// +build windows
 
 package fs
 

core/fs/files.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build linux || darwin
-// +build linux darwin
 
 package fs
 

core/fx/stream.go

@@ -21,31 +21,31 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	// FilterFunc defines the method to filter a Stream.
-	FilterFunc func(item interface{}) bool
+	FilterFunc func(item any) bool
 	// ForAllFunc defines the method to handle all elements in a Stream.
-	ForAllFunc func(pipe <-chan interface{})
+	ForAllFunc func(pipe <-chan any)
 	// ForEachFunc defines the method to handle each element in a Stream.
-	ForEachFunc func(item interface{})
+	ForEachFunc func(item any)
 	// GenerateFunc defines the method to send elements into a Stream.
-	GenerateFunc func(source chan<- interface{})
+	GenerateFunc func(source chan<- any)
 	// KeyFunc defines the method to generate keys for the elements in a Stream.
-	KeyFunc func(item interface{}) interface{}
+	KeyFunc func(item any) any
 	// LessFunc defines the method to compare the elements in a Stream.
-	LessFunc func(a, b interface{}) bool
+	LessFunc func(a, b any) bool
 	// MapFunc defines the method to map each element to another object in a Stream.
-	MapFunc func(item interface{}) interface{}
+	MapFunc func(item any) any
 	// Option defines the method to customize a Stream.
 	Option func(opts *rxOptions)
 	// ParallelFunc defines the method to handle elements parallelly.
-	ParallelFunc func(item interface{})
+	ParallelFunc func(item any)
 	// ReduceFunc defines the method to reduce all the elements in a Stream.
-	ReduceFunc func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error)
+	ReduceFunc func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error)
 	// WalkFunc defines the method to walk through all the elements in a Stream.
-	WalkFunc func(item interface{}, pipe chan<- interface{})
+	WalkFunc func(item any, pipe chan<- any)
 
 	// A Stream is a stream that can be used to do stream processing.
 	Stream struct {
-		source <-chan interface{}
+		source <-chan any
 	}
 )
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func Concat(s Stream, others ...Stream) Stream {
 
 // From constructs a Stream from the given GenerateFunc.
 func From(generate GenerateFunc) Stream {
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 
 	threading.GoSafe(func() {
 		defer close(source)
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ func From(generate GenerateFunc) Stream {
 }
 
 // Just converts the given arbitrary items to a Stream.
-func Just(items ...interface{}) Stream {
-	source := make(chan interface{}, len(items))
+func Just(items ...any) Stream {
+	source := make(chan any, len(items))
 	for _, item := range items {
 		source <- item
 	}
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func Just(items ...interface{}) Stream {
 }
 
 // Range converts the given channel to a Stream.
-func Range(source <-chan interface{}) Stream {
+func Range(source <-chan any) Stream {
 	return Stream{
 		source: source,
 	}
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func Range(source <-chan interface{}) Stream {
 // AllMach returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
 // May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for determining the result.
 // If the stream is empty then true is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
-func (s Stream) AllMach(predicate func(item interface{}) bool) bool {
+func (s Stream) AllMach(predicate func(item any) bool) bool {
 	for item := range s.source {
 		if !predicate(item) {
 			// make sure the former goroutine not block, and current func returns fast.
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (s Stream) AllMach(predicate func(item interface{}) bool) bool {
 // AnyMach returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided predicate.
 // May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for determining the result.
 // If the stream is empty then false is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
-func (s Stream) AnyMach(predicate func(item interface{}) bool) bool {
+func (s Stream) AnyMach(predicate func(item any) bool) bool {
 	for item := range s.source {
 		if predicate(item) {
 			// make sure the former goroutine not block, and current func returns fast.
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func (s Stream) Buffer(n int) Stream {
 		n = 0
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{}, n)
+	source := make(chan any, n)
 	go func() {
 		for item := range s.source {
 			source <- item
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func (s Stream) Buffer(n int) Stream {
 
 // Concat returns a Stream that concatenated other streams
 func (s Stream) Concat(others ...Stream) Stream {
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 
 	go func() {
 		group := threading.NewRoutineGroup()
@@ -170,12 +170,12 @@ func (s Stream) Count() (count int) {
 
 // Distinct removes the duplicated items base on the given KeyFunc.
 func (s Stream) Distinct(fn KeyFunc) Stream {
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 
 	threading.GoSafe(func() {
 		defer close(source)
 
-		keys := make(map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType)
+		keys := make(map[any]lang.PlaceholderType)
 		for item := range s.source {
 			key := fn(item)
 			if _, ok := keys[key]; !ok {
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func (s Stream) Done() {
 
 // Filter filters the items by the given FilterFunc.
 func (s Stream) Filter(fn FilterFunc, opts ...Option) Stream {
-	return s.Walk(func(item interface{}, pipe chan<- interface{}) {
+	return s.Walk(func(item any, pipe chan<- any) {
 		if fn(item) {
 			pipe <- item
 		}
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ func (s Stream) Filter(fn FilterFunc, opts ...Option) Stream {
 }
 
 // First returns the first item, nil if no items.
-func (s Stream) First() interface{} {
+func (s Stream) First() any {
 	for item := range s.source {
 		// make sure the former goroutine not block, and current func returns fast.
 		go drain(s.source)
@@ -229,13 +229,13 @@ func (s Stream) ForEach(fn ForEachFunc) {
 
 // Group groups the elements into different groups based on their keys.
 func (s Stream) Group(fn KeyFunc) Stream {
-	groups := make(map[interface{}][]interface{})
+	groups := make(map[any][]any)
 	for item := range s.source {
 		key := fn(item)
 		groups[key] = append(groups[key], item)
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 	go func() {
 		for _, group := range groups {
 			source <- group
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func (s Stream) Head(n int64) Stream {
 		panic("n must be greater than 0")
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 
 	go func() {
 		for item := range s.source {
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func (s Stream) Head(n int64) Stream {
 }
 
 // Last returns the last item, or nil if no items.
-func (s Stream) Last() (item interface{}) {
+func (s Stream) Last() (item any) {
 	for item = range s.source {
 	}
 	return
@@ -287,29 +287,53 @@ func (s Stream) Last() (item interface{}) {
 
 // Map converts each item to another corresponding item, which means it's a 1:1 model.
 func (s Stream) Map(fn MapFunc, opts ...Option) Stream {
-	return s.Walk(func(item interface{}, pipe chan<- interface{}) {
+	return s.Walk(func(item any, pipe chan<- any) {
 		pipe <- fn(item)
 	}, opts...)
 }
 
+// Max returns the maximum item from the underlying source.
+func (s Stream) Max(less LessFunc) any {
+	var max any
+	for item := range s.source {
+		if max == nil || less(max, item) {
+			max = item
+		}
+	}
+
+	return max
+}
+
 // Merge merges all the items into a slice and generates a new stream.
 func (s Stream) Merge() Stream {
-	var items []interface{}
+	var items []any
 	for item := range s.source {
 		items = append(items, item)
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{}, 1)
+	source := make(chan any, 1)
 	source <- items
 	close(source)
 
 	return Range(source)
 }
 
+// Min returns the minimum item from the underlying source.
+func (s Stream) Min(less LessFunc) any {
+	var min any
+	for item := range s.source {
+		if min == nil || less(item, min) {
+			min = item
+		}
+	}
+
+	return min
+}
+
 // NoneMatch returns whether all elements of this stream don't match the provided predicate.
 // May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for determining the result.
 // If the stream is empty then true is returned and the predicate is not evaluated.
-func (s Stream) NoneMatch(predicate func(item interface{}) bool) bool {
+func (s Stream) NoneMatch(predicate func(item any) bool) bool {
 	for item := range s.source {
 		if predicate(item) {
 			// make sure the former goroutine not block, and current func returns fast.
@@ -323,19 +347,19 @@ func (s Stream) NoneMatch(predicate func(item interface{}) bool) bool {
 
 // Parallel applies the given ParallelFunc to each item concurrently with given number of workers.
 func (s Stream) Parallel(fn ParallelFunc, opts ...Option) {
-	s.Walk(func(item interface{}, pipe chan<- interface{}) {
+	s.Walk(func(item any, pipe chan<- any) {
 		fn(item)
 	}, opts...).Done()
 }
 
 // Reduce is an utility method to let the caller deal with the underlying channel.
-func (s Stream) Reduce(fn ReduceFunc) (interface{}, error) {
+func (s Stream) Reduce(fn ReduceFunc) (any, error) {
 	return fn(s.source)
 }
 
 // Reverse reverses the elements in the stream.
 func (s Stream) Reverse() Stream {
-	var items []interface{}
+	var items []any
 	for item := range s.source {
 		items = append(items, item)
 	}
@@ -357,7 +381,7 @@ func (s Stream) Skip(n int64) Stream {
 		return s
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 
 	go func() {
 		for item := range s.source {
@@ -376,7 +400,7 @@ func (s Stream) Skip(n int64) Stream {
 
 // Sort sorts the items from the underlying source.
 func (s Stream) Sort(less LessFunc) Stream {
-	var items []interface{}
+	var items []any
 	for item := range s.source {
 		items = append(items, item)
 	}
@@ -394,9 +418,9 @@ func (s Stream) Split(n int) Stream {
 		panic("n should be greater than 0")
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 	go func() {
-		var chunk []interface{}
+		var chunk []any
 		for item := range s.source {
 			chunk = append(chunk, item)
 			if len(chunk) == n {
@@ -419,7 +443,7 @@ func (s Stream) Tail(n int64) Stream {
 		panic("n should be greater than 0")
 	}
 
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+	source := make(chan any)
 
 	go func() {
 		ring := collection.NewRing(int(n))
@@ -446,7 +470,7 @@ func (s Stream) Walk(fn WalkFunc, opts ...Option) Stream {
 }
 
 func (s Stream) walkLimited(fn WalkFunc, option *rxOptions) Stream {
-	pipe := make(chan interface{}, option.workers)
+	pipe := make(chan any, option.workers)
 
 	go func() {
 		var wg sync.WaitGroup
@@ -477,7 +501,7 @@ func (s Stream) walkLimited(fn WalkFunc, option *rxOptions) Stream {
 }
 
 func (s Stream) walkUnlimited(fn WalkFunc, option *rxOptions) Stream {
-	pipe := make(chan interface{}, option.workers)
+	pipe := make(chan any, option.workers)
 
 	go func() {
 		var wg sync.WaitGroup
@@ -529,7 +553,7 @@ func buildOptions(opts ...Option) *rxOptions {
 }
 
 // drain drains the given channel.
-func drain(channel <-chan interface{}) {
+func drain(channel <-chan any) {
 	for range channel {
 	}
 }

core/fx/stream_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 		var count int32
 		var wait sync.WaitGroup
 		wait.Add(1)
-		From(func(source chan<- interface{}) {
+		From(func(source chan<- any) {
 			ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
 			defer ticker.Stop()
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func TestBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 					return
 				}
 			}
-		}).Buffer(N).ForAll(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) {
+		}).Buffer(N).ForAll(func(pipe <-chan any) {
 			wait.Wait()
 			// why N+1, because take one more to wait for sending into the channel
 			assert.Equal(t, int32(N+1), atomic.LoadInt32(&count))
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBufferNegative(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Buffer(-1).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Buffer(-1).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -61,22 +61,22 @@ func TestCount(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		tests := []struct {
 			name     string
-			elements []interface{}
+			elements []any
 		}{
 			{
 				name: "no elements with nil",
 			},
 			{
 				name:     "no elements",
-				elements: []interface{}{},
+				elements: []any{},
 			},
 			{
 				name:     "1 element",
-				elements: []interface{}{1},
+				elements: []any{1},
 			},
 			{
 				name:     "multiple elements",
-				elements: []interface{}{1, 2, 3},
+				elements: []any{1, 2, 3},
 			},
 		}
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func TestCount(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDone(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var count int32
-		Just(1, 2, 3).Walk(func(item interface{}, pipe chan<- interface{}) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3).Walk(func(item any, pipe chan<- any) {
 			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 			atomic.AddInt32(&count, int32(item.(int)))
 		}).Done()
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func TestDone(t *testing.T) {
 func TestJust(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ func TestJust(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDistinct(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(4, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4).Distinct(func(item interface{}) interface{} {
+		Just(4, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4).Distinct(func(item any) any {
 			return item
-		}).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		}).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ func TestDistinct(t *testing.T) {
 func TestFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Filter(func(item interface{}) bool {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Filter(func(item any) bool {
 			return item.(int)%2 == 0
-		}).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		}).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ func TestFirst(t *testing.T) {
 func TestForAll(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Filter(func(item interface{}) bool {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Filter(func(item any) bool {
 			return item.(int)%2 == 0
-		}).ForAll(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) {
+		}).ForAll(func(pipe <-chan any) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ func TestForAll(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var groups [][]int
-		Just(10, 11, 20, 21).Group(func(item interface{}) interface{} {
+		Just(10, 11, 20, 21).Group(func(item any) any {
 			v := item.(int)
 			return v / 10
-		}).ForEach(func(item interface{}) {
-			v := item.([]interface{})
+		}).ForEach(func(item any) {
+			v := item.([]any)
 			var group []int
 			for _, each := range v {
 				group = append(group, each.(int))
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func TestGroup(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHead(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Head(2).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Head(2).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ func TestHead(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHeadZero(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Panics(t, func() {
-			Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Head(0).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+			Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Head(0).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 				return nil, nil
 			})
 		})
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func TestHeadZero(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHeadMore(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Head(6).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Head(6).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 			expect int
 		}{
 			{
-				mapper: func(item interface{}) interface{} {
+				mapper: func(item any) any {
 					v := item.(int)
 					return v * v
 				},
 				expect: 30,
 			},
 			{
-				mapper: func(item interface{}) interface{} {
+				mapper: func(item any) any {
 					v := item.(int)
 					if v%2 == 0 {
 						return 0
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 				expect: 10,
 			},
 			{
-				mapper: func(item interface{}) interface{} {
+				mapper: func(item any) any {
 					v := item.(int)
 					if v%2 == 0 {
 						panic(v)
@@ -283,12 +283,12 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 				} else {
 					workers = runtime.NumCPU()
 				}
-				From(func(source chan<- interface{}) {
+				From(func(source chan<- any) {
 					for i := 1; i < 5; i++ {
 						source <- i
 					}
 				}).Map(test.mapper, WithWorkers(workers)).Reduce(
-					func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+					func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 						for item := range pipe {
 							result += item.(int)
 						}
@@ -303,8 +303,8 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Merge().ForEach(func(item interface{}) {
-			assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{1, 2, 3, 4}, item.([]interface{}))
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Merge().ForEach(func(item any) {
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{1, 2, 3, 4}, item.([]any))
 		})
 	})
 }
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func TestMerge(t *testing.T) {
 func TestParallelJust(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var count int32
-		Just(1, 2, 3).Parallel(func(item interface{}) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3).Parallel(func(item any) {
 			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 			atomic.AddInt32(&count, int32(item.(int)))
 		}, UnlimitedWorkers())
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ func TestParallelJust(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Reverse().Merge().ForEach(func(item interface{}) {
-			assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{4, 3, 2, 1}, item.([]interface{}))
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Reverse().Merge().ForEach(func(item any) {
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{4, 3, 2, 1}, item.([]any))
 		})
 	})
 }
@@ -331,9 +331,9 @@ func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSort(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var prev int
-		Just(5, 3, 7, 1, 9, 6, 4, 8, 2).Sort(func(a, b interface{}) bool {
+		Just(5, 3, 7, 1, 9, 6, 4, 8, 2).Sort(func(a, b any) bool {
 			return a.(int) < b.(int)
-		}).ForEach(func(item interface{}) {
+		}).ForEach(func(item any) {
 			next := item.(int)
 			assert.True(t, prev < next)
 			prev = next
@@ -346,12 +346,12 @@ func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Panics(t, func() {
 			Just(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).Split(0).Done()
 		})
-		var chunks [][]interface{}
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).Split(4).ForEach(func(item interface{}) {
-			chunk := item.([]interface{})
+		var chunks [][]any
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).Split(4).ForEach(func(item any) {
+			chunk := item.([]any)
 			chunks = append(chunks, chunk)
 		})
-		assert.EqualValues(t, [][]interface{}{
+		assert.EqualValues(t, [][]any{
 			{1, 2, 3, 4},
 			{5, 6, 7, 8},
 			{9, 10},
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTail(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Tail(2).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Tail(2).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 			for item := range pipe {
 				result += item.(int)
 			}
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ func TestTail(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTailZero(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Panics(t, func() {
-			Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Tail(0).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+			Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Tail(0).Reduce(func(pipe <-chan any) (any, error) {
 				return nil, nil
 			})
 		})
@@ -385,11 +385,11 @@ func TestTailZero(t *testing.T) {
 func TestWalk(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		var result int
-		Just(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Walk(func(item interface{}, pipe chan<- interface{}) {
+		Just(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Walk(func(item any, pipe chan<- any) {
 			if item.(int)%2 != 0 {
 				pipe <- item
 			}
-		}, UnlimitedWorkers()).ForEach(func(item interface{}) {
+		}, UnlimitedWorkers()).ForEach(func(item any) {
 			result += item.(int)
 		})
 		assert.Equal(t, 9, result)
@@ -398,16 +398,16 @@ func TestWalk(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStream_AnyMach(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
-		assetEqual(t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+		assetEqual(t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item any) bool {
 			return item.(int) == 4
 		}))
-		assetEqual(t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+		assetEqual(t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item any) bool {
 			return item.(int) == 0
 		}))
-		assetEqual(t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+		assetEqual(t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item any) bool {
 			return item.(int) == 2
 		}))
-		assetEqual(t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+		assetEqual(t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).AnyMach(func(item any) bool {
 			return item.(int) == 2
 		}))
 	})
@@ -416,17 +416,17 @@ func TestStream_AnyMach(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStream_AllMach(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		assetEqual(
-			t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).AllMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+			t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).AllMach(func(item any) bool {
 				return true
 			}),
 		)
 		assetEqual(
-			t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AllMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+			t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AllMach(func(item any) bool {
 				return false
 			}),
 		)
 		assetEqual(
-			t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AllMach(func(item interface{}) bool {
+			t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).AllMach(func(item any) bool {
 				return item.(int) == 1
 			}),
 		)
@@ -436,17 +436,17 @@ func TestStream_AllMach(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStream_NoneMatch(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		assetEqual(
-			t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).NoneMatch(func(item interface{}) bool {
+			t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).NoneMatch(func(item any) bool {
 				return false
 			}),
 		)
 		assetEqual(
-			t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).NoneMatch(func(item interface{}) bool {
+			t, false, Just(1, 2, 3).NoneMatch(func(item any) bool {
 				return true
 			}),
 		)
 		assetEqual(
-			t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).NoneMatch(func(item interface{}) bool {
+			t, true, Just(1, 2, 3).NoneMatch(func(item any) bool {
 				return item.(int) == 4
 			}),
 		)
@@ -455,19 +455,19 @@ func TestStream_NoneMatch(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConcat(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
-		a1 := []interface{}{1, 2, 3}
-		a2 := []interface{}{4, 5, 6}
+		a1 := []any{1, 2, 3}
+		a2 := []any{4, 5, 6}
 		s1 := Just(a1...)
 		s2 := Just(a2...)
 		stream := Concat(s1, s2)
-		var items []interface{}
+		var items []any
 		for item := range stream.source {
 			items = append(items, item)
 		}
 		sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {
 			return items[i].(int) < items[j].(int)
 		})
-		ints := make([]interface{}, 0)
+		ints := make([]any, 0)
 		ints = append(ints, a1...)
 		ints = append(ints, a2...)
 		assetEqual(t, ints, items)
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ func TestStream_Skip(t *testing.T) {
 		assetEqual(t, 3, Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Skip(1).Count())
 		assetEqual(t, 1, Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Skip(3).Count())
 		assetEqual(t, 4, Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Skip(0).Count())
-		equal(t, Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Skip(3), []interface{}{4})
+		equal(t, Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Skip(3), []any{4})
 		assert.Panics(t, func() {
 			Just(1, 2, 3, 4).Skip(-1)
 		})
@@ -489,27 +489,104 @@ func TestStream_Skip(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStream_Concat(t *testing.T) {
 	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
 		stream := Just(1).Concat(Just(2), Just(3))
-		var items []interface{}
+		var items []any
 		for item := range stream.source {
 			items = append(items, item)
 		}
 		sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {
 			return items[i].(int) < items[j].(int)
 		})
-		assetEqual(t, []interface{}{1, 2, 3}, items)
+		assetEqual(t, []any{1, 2, 3}, items)
 
 		just := Just(1)
-		equal(t, just.Concat(just), []interface{}{1})
+		equal(t, just.Concat(just), []any{1})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStream_Max(t *testing.T) {
+	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		tests := []struct {
+			name     string
+			elements []any
+			max      any
+		}{
+			{
+				name: "no elements with nil",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "no elements",
+				elements: []any{},
+				max:      nil,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "1 element",
+				elements: []any{1},
+				max:      1,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "multiple elements",
+				elements: []any{1, 2, 9, 5, 8},
+				max:      9,
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, test := range tests {
+			t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				val := Just(test.elements...).Max(func(a, b any) bool {
+					return a.(int) < b.(int)
+				})
+				assetEqual(t, test.max, val)
+			})
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStream_Min(t *testing.T) {
+	runCheckedTest(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		tests := []struct {
+			name     string
+			elements []any
+			min      any
+		}{
+			{
+				name: "no elements with nil",
+				min:  nil,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "no elements",
+				elements: []any{},
+				min:      nil,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "1 element",
+				elements: []any{1},
+				min:      1,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "multiple elements",
+				elements: []any{-1, 1, 2, 9, 5, 8},
+				min:      -1,
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, test := range tests {
+			t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				val := Just(test.elements...).Min(func(a, b any) bool {
+					return a.(int) < b.(int)
+				})
+				assetEqual(t, test.min, val)
+			})
+		}
 	})
 }
 
 func BenchmarkParallelMapReduce(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	mapper := func(v interface{}) interface{} {
+	mapper := func(v any) any {
 		return v.(int64) * v.(int64)
 	}
-	reducer := func(input <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	reducer := func(input <-chan any) (any, error) {
 		var result int64
 		for v := range input {
 			result += v.(int64)
@@ -517,7 +594,7 @@ func BenchmarkParallelMapReduce(b *testing.B) {
 		return result, nil
 	}
 	b.ResetTimer()
-	From(func(input chan<- interface{}) {
+	From(func(input chan<- any) {
 		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
 			for pb.Next() {
 				input <- int64(rand.Int())
@@ -529,10 +606,10 @@ func BenchmarkParallelMapReduce(b *testing.B) {
 func BenchmarkMapReduce(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	mapper := func(v interface{}) interface{} {
+	mapper := func(v any) any {
 		return v.(int64) * v.(int64)
 	}
-	reducer := func(input <-chan interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	reducer := func(input <-chan any) (any, error) {
 		var result int64
 		for v := range input {
 			result += v.(int64)
@@ -540,21 +617,21 @@ func BenchmarkMapReduce(b *testing.B) {
 		return result, nil
 	}
 	b.ResetTimer()
-	From(func(input chan<- interface{}) {
+	From(func(input chan<- any) {
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 			input <- int64(rand.Int())
 		}
 	}).Map(mapper).Reduce(reducer)
 }
 
-func assetEqual(t *testing.T, except, data interface{}) {
+func assetEqual(t *testing.T, except, data any) {
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(except, data) {
 		t.Errorf(" %v, want %v", data, except)
 	}
 }
 
-func equal(t *testing.T, stream Stream, data []interface{}) {
-	items := make([]interface{}, 0)
+func equal(t *testing.T, stream Stream, data []any) {
+	items := make([]any, 0)
 	for item := range stream.source {
 		items = append(items, item)
 	}

core/fx/timeout.go

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func DoWithTimeout(fn func() error, timeout time.Duration, opts ...DoOption) err
 
 	// create channel with buffer size 1 to avoid goroutine leak
 	done := make(chan error, 1)
-	panicChan := make(chan interface{}, 1)
+	panicChan := make(chan any, 1)
 	go func() {
 		defer func() {
 			if p := recover(); p != nil {

core/hash/consistenthash.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type (
 		hashFunc Func
 		replicas int
 		keys     []uint64
-		ring     map[uint64][]interface{}
+		ring     map[uint64][]any
 		nodes    map[string]lang.PlaceholderType
 		lock     sync.RWMutex
 	}
@@ -50,21 +50,21 @@ func NewCustomConsistentHash(replicas int, fn Func) *ConsistentHash {
 	return &ConsistentHash{
 		hashFunc: fn,
 		replicas: replicas,
-		ring:     make(map[uint64][]interface{}),
+		ring:     make(map[uint64][]any),
 		nodes:    make(map[string]lang.PlaceholderType),
 	}
 }
 
 // Add adds the node with the number of h.replicas,
 // the later call will overwrite the replicas of the former calls.
-func (h *ConsistentHash) Add(node interface{}) {
+func (h *ConsistentHash) Add(node any) {
 	h.AddWithReplicas(node, h.replicas)
 }
 
 // AddWithReplicas adds the node with the number of replicas,
 // replicas will be truncated to h.replicas if it's larger than h.replicas,
 // the later call will overwrite the replicas of the former calls.
-func (h *ConsistentHash) AddWithReplicas(node interface{}, replicas int) {
+func (h *ConsistentHash) AddWithReplicas(node any, replicas int) {
 	h.Remove(node)
 
 	if replicas > h.replicas {
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (h *ConsistentHash) AddWithReplicas(node interface{}, replicas int) {
 
 // AddWithWeight adds the node with weight, the weight can be 1 to 100, indicates the percent,
 // the later call will overwrite the replicas of the former calls.
-func (h *ConsistentHash) AddWithWeight(node interface{}, weight int) {
+func (h *ConsistentHash) AddWithWeight(node any, weight int) {
 	// don't need to make sure weight not larger than TopWeight,
 	// because AddWithReplicas makes sure replicas cannot be larger than h.replicas
 	replicas := h.replicas * weight / TopWeight
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func (h *ConsistentHash) AddWithWeight(node interface{}, weight int) {
 }
 
 // Get returns the corresponding node from h base on the given v.
-func (h *ConsistentHash) Get(v interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (h *ConsistentHash) Get(v any) (any, bool) {
 	h.lock.RLock()
 	defer h.lock.RUnlock()
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (h *ConsistentHash) Get(v interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
 }
 
 // Remove removes the given node from h.
-func (h *ConsistentHash) Remove(node interface{}) {
+func (h *ConsistentHash) Remove(node any) {
 	nodeRepr := repr(node)
 
 	h.lock.Lock()
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ func (h *ConsistentHash) removeNode(nodeRepr string) {
 	delete(h.nodes, nodeRepr)
 }
 
-func innerRepr(node interface{}) string {
+func innerRepr(node any) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d:%v", prime, node)
 }
 
-func repr(node interface{}) string {
+func repr(node any) string {
 	return lang.Repr(node)
 }

core/hash/consistenthash_test.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestConsistentHash(t *testing.T) {
 		keys[key.(string)]++
 	}
 
-	mi := make(map[interface{}]int, len(keys))
+	mi := make(map[any]int, len(keys))
 	for k, v := range keys {
 		mi[k] = v
 	}

core/iox/bufferpool.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func NewBufferPool(capability int) *BufferPool {
 	return &BufferPool{
 		capability: capability,
 		pool: &sync.Pool{
-			New: func() interface{} {
+			New: func() any {
 				return new(bytes.Buffer)
 			},
 		},

core/jsontype/time.go

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package jsontype
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/globalsign/mgo/bson"
-)
-
-// MilliTime represents time.Time that works better with mongodb.
-type MilliTime struct {
-	time.Time
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals mt to json bytes.
-func (mt MilliTime) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(mt.Milli())
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals data into mt.
-func (mt *MilliTime) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	var milli int64
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &milli); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	mt.Time = time.Unix(0, milli*int64(time.Millisecond))
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetBSON returns BSON base on mt.
-func (mt MilliTime) GetBSON() (interface{}, error) {
-	return mt.Time, nil
-}
-
-// SetBSON sets raw into mt.
-func (mt *MilliTime) SetBSON(raw bson.Raw) error {
-	return raw.Unmarshal(&mt.Time)
-}
-
-// Milli returns milliseconds for mt.
-func (mt MilliTime) Milli() int64 {
-	return mt.UnixNano() / int64(time.Millisecond)
-}

core/jsontype/time_test.go

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-package jsontype
-
-import (
-	"strconv"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/globalsign/mgo/bson"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestMilliTime_GetBSON(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		tm   time.Time
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "now",
-			tm:   time.Now(),
-		},
-		{
-			name: "future",
-			tm:   time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := MilliTime{test.tm}.GetBSON()
-			assert.Nil(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, test.tm, got)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMilliTime_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		tm   time.Time
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "now",
-			tm:   time.Now(),
-		},
-		{
-			name: "future",
-			tm:   time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			b, err := MilliTime{test.tm}.MarshalJSON()
-			assert.Nil(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, strconv.FormatInt(test.tm.UnixNano()/1e6, 10), string(b))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMilliTime_Milli(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		tm   time.Time
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "now",
-			tm:   time.Now(),
-		},
-		{
-			name: "future",
-			tm:   time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			n := MilliTime{test.tm}.Milli()
-			assert.Equal(t, test.tm.UnixNano()/1e6, n)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMilliTime_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		tm   time.Time
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "now",
-			tm:   time.Now(),
-		},
-		{
-			name: "future",
-			tm:   time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var mt MilliTime
-			s := strconv.FormatInt(test.tm.UnixNano()/1e6, 10)
-			err := mt.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(s))
-			assert.Nil(t, err)
-			s1, err := mt.MarshalJSON()
-			assert.Nil(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, s, string(s1))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestUnmarshalWithError(t *testing.T) {
-	var mt MilliTime
-	assert.NotNil(t, mt.UnmarshalJSON([]byte("hello")))
-}
-
-func TestSetBSON(t *testing.T) {
-	data, err := bson.Marshal(time.Now())
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-
-	var raw bson.Raw
-	assert.Nil(t, bson.Unmarshal(data, &raw))
-
-	var mt MilliTime
-	assert.Nil(t, mt.SetBSON(raw))
-	assert.NotNil(t, mt.SetBSON(bson.Raw{}))
-}

core/jsonx/json.go

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Marshal marshals v into json bytes.
-func Marshal(v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func Marshal(v any) ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(v)
 }
 
 // MarshalToString marshals v into a string.
-func MarshalToString(v interface{}) (string, error) {
+func MarshalToString(v any) (string, error) {
 	data, err := Marshal(v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func MarshalToString(v interface{}) (string, error) {
 }
 
 // Unmarshal unmarshals data bytes into v.
-func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+func Unmarshal(data []byte, v any) error {
 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
 	if err := unmarshalUseNumber(decoder, v); err != nil {
 		return formatError(string(data), err)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // UnmarshalFromString unmarshals v from str.
-func UnmarshalFromString(str string, v interface{}) error {
+func UnmarshalFromString(str string, v any) error {
 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(str))
 	if err := unmarshalUseNumber(decoder, v); err != nil {
 		return formatError(str, err)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func UnmarshalFromString(str string, v interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // UnmarshalFromReader unmarshals v from reader.
-func UnmarshalFromReader(reader io.Reader, v interface{}) error {
+func UnmarshalFromReader(reader io.Reader, v any) error {
 	var buf strings.Builder
 	teeReader := io.TeeReader(reader, &buf)
 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(teeReader)
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func UnmarshalFromReader(reader io.Reader, v interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func unmarshalUseNumber(decoder *json.Decoder, v interface{}) error {
+func unmarshalUseNumber(decoder *json.Decoder, v any) error {
 	decoder.UseNumber()
 	return decoder.Decode(v)
 }

core/lang/lang.go

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ var Placeholder PlaceholderType
 
 type (
 	// AnyType can be used to hold any type.
-	AnyType = interface{}
+	AnyType = any
 	// PlaceholderType represents a placeholder type.
 	PlaceholderType = struct{}
 )
 
 // Repr returns the string representation of v.
-func Repr(v interface{}) string {
+func Repr(v any) string {
 	if v == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func Repr(v interface{}) string {
 	}
 
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(v)
-	if val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !val.IsNil() {
+	for val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !val.IsNil() {
 		val = val.Elem()
 	}
 

core/lang/lang_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package lang
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ func TestRepr(t *testing.T) {
 		u64 uint64  = 8
 	)
 	tests := []struct {
-		v      interface{}
+		v      any
 		expect string
 	}{
 		{
@@ -110,6 +113,28 @@ func TestRepr(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestReprOfValue(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "error", reprOfValue(reflect.ValueOf(errors.New("error"))))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stringer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "1.23", reprOfValue(reflect.ValueOf(json.Number("1.23"))))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("int", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "1", reprOfValue(reflect.ValueOf(1)))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("int", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "1", reprOfValue(reflect.ValueOf("1")))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("int", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "1", reprOfValue(reflect.ValueOf(uint(1))))
+	})
+}
+
 type mockStringable struct{}
 
 func (m mockStringable) String() string {

core/limit/periodlimit.go

@@ -9,21 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stores/redis"
 )
 
-// to be compatible with aliyun redis, we cannot use `local key = KEYS[1]` to reuse the key
-const periodScript = `local limit = tonumber(ARGV[1])
-local window = tonumber(ARGV[2])
-local current = redis.call("INCRBY", KEYS[1], 1)
-if current == 1 then
-    redis.call("expire", KEYS[1], window)
-end
-if current < limit then
-    return 1
-elseif current == limit then
-    return 2
-else
-    return 0
-end`
-
 const (
 	// Unknown means not initialized state.
 	Unknown = iota
@@ -39,8 +24,25 @@ const (
 	internalHitQuota  = 2
 )
 
-// ErrUnknownCode is an error that represents unknown status code.
-var ErrUnknownCode = errors.New("unknown status code")
+var (
+	// ErrUnknownCode is an error that represents unknown status code.
+	ErrUnknownCode = errors.New("unknown status code")
+
+	// to be compatible with aliyun redis, we cannot use `local key = KEYS[1]` to reuse the key
+	periodScript = redis.NewScript(`local limit = tonumber(ARGV[1])
+local window = tonumber(ARGV[2])
+local current = redis.call("INCRBY", KEYS[1], 1)
+if current == 1 then
+    redis.call("expire", KEYS[1], window)
+end
+if current < limit then
+    return 1
+elseif current == limit then
+    return 2
+else
+    return 0
+end`)
+)
 
 type (
 	// PeriodOption defines the method to customize a PeriodLimit.
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ func (h *PeriodLimit) Take(key string) (int, error) {
 
 // TakeCtx requests a permit with context, it returns the permit state.
 func (h *PeriodLimit) TakeCtx(ctx context.Context, key string) (int, error) {
-	resp, err := h.limitStore.EvalCtx(ctx, periodScript, []string{h.keyPrefix + key}, []string{
+	resp, err := h.limitStore.ScriptRunCtx(ctx, periodScript, []string{h.keyPrefix + key}, []string{
 		strconv.Itoa(h.quota),
 		strconv.Itoa(h.calcExpireSeconds()),
 	})

core/limit/periodlimit_test.go

@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ func TestPeriodLimit_RedisUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func testPeriodLimit(t *testing.T, opts ...PeriodOption) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
 
 	const (
 		seconds = 1

core/limit/tokenlimit.go

@@ -15,10 +15,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// to be compatible with aliyun redis, we cannot use `local key = KEYS[1]` to reuse the key
-	// KEYS[1] as tokens_key
-	// KEYS[2] as timestamp_key
-	script = `local rate = tonumber(ARGV[1])
+	tokenFormat     = "{%s}.tokens"
+	timestampFormat = "{%s}.ts"
+	pingInterval    = time.Millisecond * 100
+)
+
+// to be compatible with aliyun redis, we cannot use `local key = KEYS[1]` to reuse the key
+// KEYS[1] as tokens_key
+// KEYS[2] as timestamp_key
+var script = redis.NewScript(`local rate = tonumber(ARGV[1])
 local capacity = tonumber(ARGV[2])
 local now = tonumber(ARGV[3])
 local requested = tonumber(ARGV[4])
@@ -45,11 +50,7 @@ end
 redis.call("setex", KEYS[1], ttl, new_tokens)
 redis.call("setex", KEYS[2], ttl, now)
 
-return allowed`
-	tokenFormat     = "{%s}.tokens"
-	timestampFormat = "{%s}.ts"
-	pingInterval    = time.Millisecond * 100
-)
+return allowed`)
 
 // A TokenLimiter controls how frequently events are allowed to happen with in one second.
 type TokenLimiter struct {
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ func (lim *TokenLimiter) reserveN(ctx context.Context, now time.Time, n int) boo
 		return lim.rescueLimiter.AllowN(now, n)
 	}
 
-	resp, err := lim.store.EvalCtx(ctx,
+	resp, err := lim.store.ScriptRunCtx(ctx,
 		script,
 		[]string{
 			lim.tokenKey,

core/limit/tokenlimit_test.go

@@ -70,9 +70,7 @@ func TestTokenLimit_Rescue(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestTokenLimit_Take(t *testing.T) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
 
 	const (
 		total = 100
@@ -92,9 +90,7 @@ func TestTokenLimit_Take(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestTokenLimit_TakeBurst(t *testing.T) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
 
 	const (
 		total = 100

core/logc/logs.go

@@ -27,19 +27,39 @@ func Close() error {
 	return logx.Close()
 }
 
+// Debug writes v into access log.
+func Debug(ctx context.Context, v ...interface{}) {
+	getLogger(ctx).Debug(v...)
+}
+
+// Debugf writes v with format into access log.
+func Debugf(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	getLogger(ctx).Debugf(format, v...)
+}
+
+// Debugv writes v into access log with json content.
+func Debugv(ctx context.Context, v interface{}) {
+	getLogger(ctx).Debugv(v)
+}
+
+// Debugw writes msg along with fields into access log.
+func Debugw(ctx context.Context, msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	getLogger(ctx).Debugw(msg, fields...)
+}
+
 // Error writes v into error log.
-func Error(ctx context.Context, v ...interface{}) {
+func Error(ctx context.Context, v ...any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Error(v...)
 }
 
 // Errorf writes v with format into error log.
-func Errorf(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Errorf(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Errorf(fmt.Errorf(format, v...).Error())
 }
 
 // Errorv writes v into error log with json content.
 // No call stack attached, because not elegant to pack the messages.
-func Errorv(ctx context.Context, v interface{}) {
+func Errorv(ctx context.Context, v any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Errorv(v)
 }
 
@@ -49,22 +69,22 @@ func Errorw(ctx context.Context, msg string, fields ...LogField) {
 }
 
 // Field returns a LogField for the given key and value.
-func Field(key string, value interface{}) LogField {
+func Field(key string, value any) LogField {
 	return logx.Field(key, value)
 }
 
 // Info writes v into access log.
-func Info(ctx context.Context, v ...interface{}) {
+func Info(ctx context.Context, v ...any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Info(v...)
 }
 
 // Infof writes v with format into access log.
-func Infof(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Infof(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Infof(format, v...)
 }
 
 // Infov writes v into access log with json content.
-func Infov(ctx context.Context, v interface{}) {
+func Infov(ctx context.Context, v any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Infov(v)
 }
 
@@ -97,17 +117,17 @@ func SetUp(c LogConf) error {
 }
 
 // Slow writes v into slow log.
-func Slow(ctx context.Context, v ...interface{}) {
+func Slow(ctx context.Context, v ...any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Slow(v...)
 }
 
 // Slowf writes v with format into slow log.
-func Slowf(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Slowf(ctx context.Context, format string, v ...any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Slowf(format, v...)
 }
 
 // Slowv writes v into slow log with json content.
-func Slowv(ctx context.Context, v interface{}) {
+func Slowv(ctx context.Context, v any) {
 	getLogger(ctx).Slowv(v)
 }
 

core/logc/logs_test.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func TestAddGlobalFields(t *testing.T) {
 	AddGlobalFields(Field("a", "1"), Field("b", "2"))
 	AddGlobalFields(Field("c", "3"))
 	Info(context.Background(), "world")
-	var m map[string]interface{}
+	var m map[string]any
 	assert.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &m))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", m["a"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "2", m["b"])
@@ -140,6 +140,54 @@ func TestInfow(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(buf.String(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
 }
 
+func TestDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	writer := logx.NewWriter(&buf)
+	old := logx.Reset()
+	logx.SetWriter(writer)
+	defer logx.SetWriter(old)
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	Debug(context.Background(), "foo")
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(buf.String(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
+func TestDebugf(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	writer := logx.NewWriter(&buf)
+	old := logx.Reset()
+	logx.SetWriter(writer)
+	defer logx.SetWriter(old)
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	Debugf(context.Background(), "foo %s", "bar")
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(buf.String(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
+func TestDebugv(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	writer := logx.NewWriter(&buf)
+	old := logx.Reset()
+	logx.SetWriter(writer)
+	defer logx.SetWriter(old)
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	Debugv(context.Background(), "foo")
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(buf.String(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
+func TestDebugw(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	writer := logx.NewWriter(&buf)
+	old := logx.Reset()
+	logx.SetWriter(writer)
+	defer logx.SetWriter(old)
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	Debugw(context.Background(), "foo", Field("a", "b"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(buf.String(), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
 func TestMust(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
 		Must(nil)

core/logx/config.go

@@ -2,15 +2,34 @@ package logx
 
 // A LogConf is a logging config.
 type LogConf struct {
-	ServiceName         string `json:",optional"`
-	Mode                string `json:",default=console,options=[console,file,volume]"`
-	Encoding            string `json:",default=json,options=[json,plain]"`
-	TimeFormat          string `json:",optional"`
-	Path                string `json:",default=logs"`
-	Level               string `json:",default=info,options=[debug,info,error,severe]"`
-	Compress            bool   `json:",optional"`
-	KeepDays            int    `json:",optional"`
-	StackCooldownMillis int    `json:",default=100"`
+	// ServiceName represents the service name.
+	ServiceName string `json:",optional"`
+	// Mode represents the logging mode, default is `console`.
+	// console: log to console.
+	// file: log to file.
+	// volume: used in k8s, prepend the hostname to the log file name.
+	Mode string `json:",default=console,options=[console,file,volume]"`
+	// Encoding represents the encoding type, default is `json`.
+	// json: json encoding.
+	// plain: plain text encoding, typically used in development.
+	Encoding string `json:",default=json,options=[json,plain]"`
+	// TimeFormat represents the time format, default is `2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00`.
+	TimeFormat string `json:",optional"`
+	// Path represents the log file path, default is `logs`.
+	Path string `json:",default=logs"`
+	// Level represents the log level, default is `info`.
+	Level string `json:",default=info,options=[debug,info,error,severe]"`
+	// MaxContentLength represents the max content bytes, default is no limit.
+	MaxContentLength uint32 `json:",optional"`
+	// Compress represents whether to compress the log file, default is `false`.
+	Compress bool `json:",optional"`
+	// Stat represents whether to log statistics, default is `true`.
+	Stat bool `json:",default=true"`
+	// KeepDays represents how many days the log files will be kept. Default to keep all files.
+	// Only take effect when Mode is `file` or `volume`, both work when Rotation is `daily` or `size`.
+	KeepDays int `json:",optional"`
+	// StackCooldownMillis represents the cooldown time for stack logging, default is 100ms.
+	StackCooldownMillis int `json:",default=100"`
 	// MaxBackups represents how many backup log files will be kept. 0 means all files will be kept forever.
 	// Only take effect when RotationRuleType is `size`.
 	// Even thougth `MaxBackups` sets 0, log files will still be removed
@@ -19,7 +38,7 @@ type LogConf struct {
 	// MaxSize represents how much space the writing log file takes up. 0 means no limit. The unit is `MB`.
 	// Only take effect when RotationRuleType is `size`
 	MaxSize int `json:",default=0"`
-	// RotationRuleType represents the type of log rotation rule. Default is `daily`.
+	// Rotation represents the type of log rotation rule. Default is `daily`.
 	// daily: daily rotation.
 	// size: size limited rotation.
 	Rotation string `json:",default=daily,options=[daily,size]"`

core/logx/fields_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func TestAddGlobalFields(t *testing.T) {
 	AddGlobalFields(Field("a", "1"), Field("b", "2"))
 	AddGlobalFields(Field("c", "3"))
 	Info("world")
-	var m map[string]interface{}
+	var m map[string]any
 	assert.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &m))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1", m["a"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "2", m["b"])

core/logx/lesslogger.go

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ func NewLessLogger(milliseconds int) *LessLogger {
 }
 
 // Error logs v into error log or discard it if more than once in the given duration.
-func (logger *LessLogger) Error(v ...interface{}) {
+func (logger *LessLogger) Error(v ...any) {
 	logger.logOrDiscard(func() {
 		Error(v...)
 	})
 }
 
 // Errorf logs v with format into error log or discard it if more than once in the given duration.
-func (logger *LessLogger) Errorf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func (logger *LessLogger) Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
 	logger.logOrDiscard(func() {
 		Errorf(format, v...)
 	})

core/logx/logger.go

@@ -8,35 +8,35 @@ import (
 // A Logger represents a logger.
 type Logger interface {
 	// Debug logs a message at info level.
-	Debug(...interface{})
+	Debug(...any)
 	// Debugf logs a message at info level.
-	Debugf(string, ...interface{})
+	Debugf(string, ...any)
 	// Debugv logs a message at info level.
-	Debugv(interface{})
+	Debugv(any)
 	// Debugw logs a message at info level.
 	Debugw(string, ...LogField)
 	// Error logs a message at error level.
-	Error(...interface{})
+	Error(...any)
 	// Errorf logs a message at error level.
-	Errorf(string, ...interface{})
+	Errorf(string, ...any)
 	// Errorv logs a message at error level.
-	Errorv(interface{})
+	Errorv(any)
 	// Errorw logs a message at error level.
 	Errorw(string, ...LogField)
 	// Info logs a message at info level.
-	Info(...interface{})
+	Info(...any)
 	// Infof logs a message at info level.
-	Infof(string, ...interface{})
+	Infof(string, ...any)
 	// Infov logs a message at info level.
-	Infov(interface{})
+	Infov(any)
 	// Infow logs a message at info level.
 	Infow(string, ...LogField)
 	// Slow logs a message at slow level.
-	Slow(...interface{})
+	Slow(...any)
 	// Slowf logs a message at slow level.
-	Slowf(string, ...interface{})
+	Slowf(string, ...any)
 	// Slowv logs a message at slow level.
-	Slowv(interface{})
+	Slowv(any)
 	// Sloww logs a message at slow level.
 	Sloww(string, ...LogField)
 	// WithCallerSkip returns a new logger with the given caller skip.

core/logx/logs.go

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ var (
 	timeFormat = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00"
 	logLevel   uint32
 	encoding   uint32 = jsonEncodingType
+	// maxContentLength is used to truncate the log content, 0 for not truncating.
+	maxContentLength uint32
 	// use uint32 for atomic operations
 	disableLog  uint32
 	disableStat uint32
@@ -32,13 +34,13 @@ type (
 	// LogField is a key-value pair that will be added to the log entry.
 	LogField struct {
 		Key   string
-		Value interface{}
+		Value any
 	}
 
 	// LogOption defines the method to customize the logging.
 	LogOption func(options *logOptions)
 
-	logEntry map[string]interface{}
+	logEntry map[string]any
 
 	logOptions struct {
 		gzipEnabled           bool
@@ -65,17 +67,17 @@ func Close() error {
 }
 
 // Debug writes v into access log.
-func Debug(v ...interface{}) {
+func Debug(v ...any) {
 	writeDebug(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Debugf writes v with format into access log.
-func Debugf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Debugf(format string, v ...any) {
 	writeDebug(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
 // Debugv writes v into access log with json content.
-func Debugv(v interface{}) {
+func Debugv(v any) {
 	writeDebug(v)
 }
 
@@ -96,30 +98,30 @@ func DisableStat() {
 }
 
 // Error writes v into error log.
-func Error(v ...interface{}) {
+func Error(v ...any) {
 	writeError(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Errorf writes v with format into error log.
-func Errorf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
 	writeError(fmt.Errorf(format, v...).Error())
 }
 
 // ErrorStack writes v along with call stack into error log.
-func ErrorStack(v ...interface{}) {
+func ErrorStack(v ...any) {
 	// there is newline in stack string
 	writeStack(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // ErrorStackf writes v along with call stack in format into error log.
-func ErrorStackf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func ErrorStackf(format string, v ...any) {
 	// there is newline in stack string
 	writeStack(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
 // Errorv writes v into error log with json content.
 // No call stack attached, because not elegant to pack the messages.
-func Errorv(v interface{}) {
+func Errorv(v any) {
 	writeError(v)
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ func Errorw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
 }
 
 // Field returns a LogField for the given key and value.
-func Field(key string, value interface{}) LogField {
+func Field(key string, value any) LogField {
 	switch val := value.(type) {
 	case error:
 		return LogField{Key: key, Value: val.Error()}
@@ -167,17 +169,17 @@ func Field(key string, value interface{}) LogField {
 }
 
 // Info writes v into access log.
-func Info(v ...interface{}) {
+func Info(v ...any) {
 	writeInfo(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Infof writes v with format into access log.
-func Infof(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Infof(format string, v ...any) {
 	writeInfo(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
 // Infov writes v into access log with json content.
-func Infov(v interface{}) {
+func Infov(v any) {
 	writeInfo(v)
 }
 
@@ -195,7 +197,12 @@ func Must(err error) {
 	msg := err.Error()
 	log.Print(msg)
 	getWriter().Severe(msg)
-	os.Exit(1)
+
+	if ExitOnFatal.True() {
+		os.Exit(1)
+	} else {
+		panic(msg)
+	}
 }
 
 // MustSetup sets up logging with given config c. It exits on error.
@@ -230,10 +237,16 @@ func SetUp(c LogConf) (err error) {
 	setupOnce.Do(func() {
 		setupLogLevel(c)
 
+		if !c.Stat {
+			DisableStat()
+		}
+
 		if len(c.TimeFormat) > 0 {
 			timeFormat = c.TimeFormat
 		}
 
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&maxContentLength, c.MaxContentLength)
+
 		switch c.Encoding {
 		case plainEncoding:
 			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
@@ -255,27 +268,27 @@ func SetUp(c LogConf) (err error) {
 }
 
 // Severe writes v into severe log.
-func Severe(v ...interface{}) {
+func Severe(v ...any) {
 	writeSevere(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Severef writes v with format into severe log.
-func Severef(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Severef(format string, v ...any) {
 	writeSevere(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
 // Slow writes v into slow log.
-func Slow(v ...interface{}) {
+func Slow(v ...any) {
 	writeSlow(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Slowf writes v with format into slow log.
-func Slowf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Slowf(format string, v ...any) {
 	writeSlow(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
 // Slowv writes v into slow log with json content.
-func Slowv(v interface{}) {
+func Slowv(v any) {
 	writeSlow(v)
 }
 
@@ -285,12 +298,12 @@ func Sloww(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
 }
 
 // Stat writes v into stat log.
-func Stat(v ...interface{}) {
+func Stat(v ...any) {
 	writeStat(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
 // Statf writes v with format into stat log.
-func Statf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func Statf(format string, v ...any) {
 	writeStat(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
@@ -414,19 +427,19 @@ func shallLogStat() bool {
 	return atomic.LoadUint32(&disableStat) == 0
 }
 
-func writeDebug(val interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func writeDebug(val any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
 		getWriter().Debug(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
 	}
 }
 
-func writeError(val interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func writeError(val any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
 		getWriter().Error(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
 	}
 }
 
-func writeInfo(val interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func writeInfo(val any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
 		getWriter().Info(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
 	}
@@ -438,7 +451,7 @@ func writeSevere(msg string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func writeSlow(val interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func writeSlow(val any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
 		getWriter().Slow(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
 	}

core/logx/logs_test.go

@@ -24,54 +24,58 @@ var (
 	_    Writer = (*mockWriter)(nil)
 )
 
+func init() {
+	ExitOnFatal.Set(false)
+}
+
 type mockWriter struct {
 	lock    sync.Mutex
 	builder strings.Builder
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Alert(v interface{}) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Alert(v any) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelAlert, v)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Debug(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelDebug, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Error(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Error(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelError, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Info(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelInfo, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Severe(v interface{}) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Severe(v any) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelSevere, v)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Slow(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelSlow, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Stack(v interface{}) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Stack(v any) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelError, v)
 }
 
-func (mw *mockWriter) Stat(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (mw *mockWriter) Stat(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	mw.lock.Lock()
 	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
 	output(&mw.builder, levelStat, v, fields...)
@@ -103,41 +107,41 @@ func TestField(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
 		f    LogField
-		want map[string]interface{}
+		want map[string]any
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "error",
 			f:    Field("foo", errors.New("bar")),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
+			want: map[string]any{
 				"foo": "bar",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "errors",
 			f:    Field("foo", []error{errors.New("bar"), errors.New("baz")}),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
-				"foo": []interface{}{"bar", "baz"},
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"bar", "baz"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "strings",
 			f:    Field("foo", []string{"bar", "baz"}),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
-				"foo": []interface{}{"bar", "baz"},
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"bar", "baz"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "duration",
 			f:    Field("foo", time.Second),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
+			want: map[string]any{
 				"foo": "1s",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "durations",
 			f:    Field("foo", []time.Duration{time.Second, 2 * time.Second}),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
-				"foo": []interface{}{"1s", "2s"},
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"1s", "2s"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -146,22 +150,22 @@ func TestField(t *testing.T) {
 				time.Date(2020, time.January, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 				time.Date(2020, time.January, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 			}),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
-				"foo": []interface{}{"2020-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC", "2020-01-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC"},
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"2020-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC", "2020-01-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "stringer",
 			f:    Field("foo", ValStringer{val: "bar"}),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
+			want: map[string]any{
 				"foo": "bar",
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "stringers",
 			f:    Field("foo", []fmt.Stringer{ValStringer{val: "bar"}, ValStringer{val: "baz"}}),
-			want: map[string]interface{}{
-				"foo": []interface{}{"bar", "baz"},
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"bar", "baz"},
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -208,12 +212,18 @@ func TestFileLineConsoleMode(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
 }
 
+func TestMust(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		Must(errors.New("foo"))
+	})
+}
+
 func TestStructedLogAlert(t *testing.T) {
 	w := new(mockWriter)
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelAlert, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelAlert, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Alert(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -223,7 +233,7 @@ func TestStructedLogDebug(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Debug(v...)
 	})
 }
@@ -233,7 +243,7 @@ func TestStructedLogDebugf(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Debugf(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -243,7 +253,7 @@ func TestStructedLogDebugv(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Debugv(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -253,7 +263,7 @@ func TestStructedLogDebugw(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Debugw(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", time.Second))
 	})
 }
@@ -263,7 +273,7 @@ func TestStructedLogError(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Error(v...)
 	})
 }
@@ -273,7 +283,7 @@ func TestStructedLogErrorf(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Errorf("%s", fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -283,7 +293,7 @@ func TestStructedLogErrorv(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Errorv(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -293,7 +303,7 @@ func TestStructedLogErrorw(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Errorw(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", "bar"))
 	})
 }
@@ -303,7 +313,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Info(v...)
 	})
 }
@@ -313,7 +323,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfof(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Infof("%s", fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -323,7 +333,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfov(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Infov(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -333,7 +343,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfow(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Infow(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", "bar"))
 	})
 }
@@ -343,7 +353,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAny(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
 		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
 		defer func() {
@@ -359,7 +369,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAnyString(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
 		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
 		defer func() {
@@ -375,7 +385,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAnyError(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
 		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
 		defer func() {
@@ -391,7 +401,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAnyStringer(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
 		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
 		defer func() {
@@ -409,7 +419,7 @@ func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleText(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
 		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
 		defer func() {
@@ -425,7 +435,7 @@ func TestStructedLogSlow(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Slow(v...)
 	})
 }
@@ -435,7 +445,7 @@ func TestStructedLogSlowf(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Slowf(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -445,7 +455,7 @@ func TestStructedLogSlowv(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Slowv(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -455,7 +465,7 @@ func TestStructedLogSloww(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Sloww(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", time.Second))
 	})
 }
@@ -465,7 +475,7 @@ func TestStructedLogStat(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelStat, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelStat, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Stat(v...)
 	})
 }
@@ -475,7 +485,7 @@ func TestStructedLogStatf(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelStat, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelStat, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Statf(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -485,7 +495,7 @@ func TestStructedLogSevere(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSevere, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSevere, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Severe(v...)
 	})
 }
@@ -495,7 +505,7 @@ func TestStructedLogSeveref(t *testing.T) {
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
-	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSevere, w, func(v ...interface{}) {
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSevere, w, func(v ...any) {
 		Severef(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 	})
 }
@@ -507,7 +517,7 @@ func TestStructedLogWithDuration(t *testing.T) {
 	defer writer.Store(old)
 
 	WithDuration(time.Second).Info(message)
-	var entry map[string]interface{}
+	var entry map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(w.String()), &entry); err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
@@ -529,9 +539,9 @@ func TestSetLevel(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetLevelTwiceWithMode(t *testing.T) {
 	testModes := []string{
-		"mode",
 		"console",
 		"volumn",
+		"mode",
 	}
 	w := new(mockWriter)
 	old := writer.Swap(w)
@@ -574,26 +584,38 @@ func TestSetup(t *testing.T) {
 		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
 	}()
 
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "console",
+		Encoding:    "json",
+		TimeFormat:  timeFormat,
+	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
 	MustSetup(LogConf{
 		ServiceName: "any",
 		Mode:        "console",
 		TimeFormat:  timeFormat,
 	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
 	MustSetup(LogConf{
 		ServiceName: "any",
 		Mode:        "file",
 		Path:        os.TempDir(),
 	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
 	MustSetup(LogConf{
 		ServiceName: "any",
 		Mode:        "volume",
 		Path:        os.TempDir(),
 	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
 	MustSetup(LogConf{
 		ServiceName: "any",
 		Mode:        "console",
 		TimeFormat:  timeFormat,
 	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
 	MustSetup(LogConf{
 		ServiceName: "any",
 		Mode:        "console",
@@ -767,11 +789,11 @@ func put(b []byte) {
 	}
 }
 
-func doTestStructedLog(t *testing.T, level string, w *mockWriter, write func(...interface{})) {
+func doTestStructedLog(t *testing.T, level string, w *mockWriter, write func(...any)) {
 	const message = "hello there"
 	write(message)
 
-	var entry map[string]interface{}
+	var entry map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(w.String()), &entry); err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
@@ -782,7 +804,7 @@ func doTestStructedLog(t *testing.T, level string, w *mockWriter, write func(...
 	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(val.(string), message))
 }
 
-func doTestStructedLogConsole(t *testing.T, w *mockWriter, write func(...interface{})) {
+func doTestStructedLogConsole(t *testing.T, w *mockWriter, write func(...any)) {
 	const message = "hello there"
 	write(message)
 	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), message))
@@ -791,9 +813,12 @@ func doTestStructedLogConsole(t *testing.T, w *mockWriter, write func(...interfa
 func testSetLevelTwiceWithMode(t *testing.T, mode string, w *mockWriter) {
 	writer.Store(nil)
 	SetUp(LogConf{
-		Mode:  mode,
-		Level: "error",
-		Path:  "/dev/null",
+		Mode:       mode,
+		Level:      "debug",
+		Path:       "/dev/null",
+		Encoding:   plainEncoding,
+		Stat:       false,
+		TimeFormat: time.RFC3339,
 	})
 	SetUp(LogConf{
 		Mode:  mode,
@@ -819,8 +844,8 @@ func (v ValStringer) String() string {
 	return v.val
 }
 
-func validateFields(t *testing.T, content string, fields map[string]interface{}) {
-	var m map[string]interface{}
+func validateFields(t *testing.T, content string, fields map[string]any) {
+	var m map[string]any
 	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(content), &m); err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}

core/logx/readme-cn.md

@@ -52,27 +52,27 @@ type LogConf struct {
 ```go
 type Logger interface {
 	// Error logs a message at error level.
-	Error(...interface{})
+	Error(...any)
 	// Errorf logs a message at error level.
-	Errorf(string, ...interface{})
+	Errorf(string, ...any)
 	// Errorv logs a message at error level.
-	Errorv(interface{})
+	Errorv(any)
 	// Errorw logs a message at error level.
 	Errorw(string, ...LogField)
 	// Info logs a message at info level.
-	Info(...interface{})
+	Info(...any)
 	// Infof logs a message at info level.
-	Infof(string, ...interface{})
+	Infof(string, ...any)
 	// Infov logs a message at info level.
-	Infov(interface{})
+	Infov(any)
 	// Infow logs a message at info level.
 	Infow(string, ...LogField)
 	// Slow logs a message at slow level.
-	Slow(...interface{})
+	Slow(...any)
 	// Slowf logs a message at slow level.
-	Slowf(string, ...interface{})
+	Slowf(string, ...any)
 	// Slowv logs a message at slow level.
-	Slowv(interface{})
+	Slowv(any)
 	// Sloww logs a message at slow level.
 	Sloww(string, ...LogField)
 	// WithContext returns a new logger with the given context.
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func NewSensitiveLogger(writer logx.Writer) *SensitiveLogger {
 	}
 }
 
-func (l *SensitiveLogger) Info(msg interface{}, fields ...logx.LogField) {
+func (l *SensitiveLogger) Info(msg any, fields ...logx.LogField) {
 	if m, ok := msg.(Message); ok {
 		l.Writer.Info(Message{
 			Name:     m.Name,

core/logx/readme.md

@@ -51,27 +51,27 @@ type LogConf struct {
 ```go
 type Logger interface {
 	// Error logs a message at error level.
-	Error(...interface{})
+	Error(...any)
 	// Errorf logs a message at error level.
-	Errorf(string, ...interface{})
+	Errorf(string, ...any)
 	// Errorv logs a message at error level.
-	Errorv(interface{})
+	Errorv(any)
 	// Errorw logs a message at error level.
 	Errorw(string, ...LogField)
 	// Info logs a message at info level.
-	Info(...interface{})
+	Info(...any)
 	// Infof logs a message at info level.
-	Infof(string, ...interface{})
+	Infof(string, ...any)
 	// Infov logs a message at info level.
-	Infov(interface{})
+	Infov(any)
 	// Infow logs a message at info level.
 	Infow(string, ...LogField)
 	// Slow logs a message at slow level.
-	Slow(...interface{})
+	Slow(...any)
 	// Slowf logs a message at slow level.
-	Slowf(string, ...interface{})
+	Slowf(string, ...any)
 	// Slowv logs a message at slow level.
-	Slowv(interface{})
+	Slowv(any)
 	// Sloww logs a message at slow level.
 	Sloww(string, ...LogField)
 	// WithContext returns a new logger with the given context.
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func NewSensitiveLogger(writer logx.Writer) *SensitiveLogger {
 	}
 }
 
-func (l *SensitiveLogger) Info(msg interface{}, fields ...logx.LogField) {
+func (l *SensitiveLogger) Info(msg any, fields ...logx.LogField) {
 	if m, ok := msg.(Message); ok {
 		l.Writer.Info(Message{
 			Name:     m.Name,

core/logx/richlogger.go

@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ type richLogger struct {
 	fields     []LogField
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Debug(v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Debug(v ...any) {
 	l.debug(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Debugf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Debugf(format string, v ...any) {
 	l.debug(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Debugv(v interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Debugv(v any) {
 	l.debug(v)
 }
 
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ func (l *richLogger) Debugw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
 	l.debug(msg, fields...)
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Error(v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Error(v ...any) {
 	l.err(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Errorf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
 	l.err(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Errorv(v interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Errorv(v any) {
 	l.err(fmt.Sprint(v))
 }
 
@@ -72,15 +72,15 @@ func (l *richLogger) Errorw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
 	l.err(msg, fields...)
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Info(v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Info(v ...any) {
 	l.info(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Infof(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Infof(format string, v ...any) {
 	l.info(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Infov(v interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Infov(v any) {
 	l.info(v)
 }
 
@@ -88,15 +88,15 @@ func (l *richLogger) Infow(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
 	l.info(msg, fields...)
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Slow(v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Slow(v ...any) {
 	l.slow(fmt.Sprint(v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Slowf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Slowf(format string, v ...any) {
 	l.slow(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) Slowv(v interface{}) {
+func (l *richLogger) Slowv(v any) {
 	l.slow(v)
 }
 
@@ -156,25 +156,25 @@ func (l *richLogger) buildFields(fields ...LogField) []LogField {
 	return fields
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) debug(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (l *richLogger) debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
 		getWriter().Debug(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
 	}
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) err(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (l *richLogger) err(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
 		getWriter().Error(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
 	}
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) info(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (l *richLogger) info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
 		getWriter().Info(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
 	}
 }
 
-func (l *richLogger) slow(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (l *richLogger) slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
 		getWriter().Slow(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
 	}

core/logx/rotatelogger.go

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func NewLogger(filename string, rule RotateRule, compress bool) (*RotateLogger,
 		rule:     rule,
 		compress: compress,
 	}
-	if err := l.init(); err != nil {
+	if err := l.initialize(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func (l *RotateLogger) getBackupFilename() string {
 	return l.backup
 }
 
-func (l *RotateLogger) init() error {
+func (l *RotateLogger) initialize() error {
 	l.backup = l.rule.BackupFileName()
 
 	if fileInfo, err := os.Stat(l.filename); err != nil {

core/logx/rotatelogger_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/fs"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
 )
 
 func TestDailyRotateRuleMarkRotated(t *testing.T) {
@@ -232,6 +233,23 @@ func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleMayCompressFileTrue(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleMayCompressFileFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	os.Stdout = os.NewFile(0, os.DevNull)
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = old
+	}()
+
+	filename := stringx.RandId()
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), true)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			logger.maybeCompressFile(stringx.RandId())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
 	assert.Nil(t, err)

core/logx/syslog_test.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func captureOutput(f func()) string {
 }
 
 func getContent(jsonStr string) string {
-	var entry map[string]interface{}
+	var entry map[string]any
 	json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &entry)
 
 	val, ok := entry[contentKey]

core/logx/vars.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package logx
 
-import "errors"
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/syncx"
+)
 
 const (
 	// DebugLevel logs everything
@@ -16,13 +20,13 @@ const (
 const (
 	jsonEncodingType = iota
 	plainEncodingType
-
-	plainEncoding    = "plain"
-	plainEncodingSep = '\t'
-	sizeRotationRule = "size"
 )
 
 const (
+	plainEncoding    = "plain"
+	plainEncodingSep = '\t'
+	sizeRotationRule = "size"
+
 	accessFilename = "access.log"
 	errorFilename  = "error.log"
 	severeFilename = "severe.log"
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ const (
 	spanKey      = "span"
 	timestampKey = "@timestamp"
 	traceKey     = "trace"
+	truncatedKey = "truncated"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -60,4 +65,8 @@ var (
 	ErrLogPathNotSet = errors.New("log path must be set")
 	// ErrLogServiceNameNotSet is an error that indicates that the service name is not set.
 	ErrLogServiceNameNotSet = errors.New("log service name must be set")
+	// ExitOnFatal defines whether to exit on fatal errors, defined here to make it easier to test.
+	ExitOnFatal = syncx.ForAtomicBool(true)
+
+	truncatedField = Field(truncatedKey, true)
 )

core/logx/writer.go

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ import (
 
 type (
 	Writer interface {
-		Alert(v interface{})
+		Alert(v any)
 		Close() error
-		Debug(v interface{}, fields ...LogField)
-		Error(v interface{}, fields ...LogField)
-		Info(v interface{}, fields ...LogField)
-		Severe(v interface{})
-		Slow(v interface{}, fields ...LogField)
-		Stack(v interface{})
-		Stat(v interface{}, fields ...LogField)
+		Debug(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Error(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Info(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Severe(v any)
+		Slow(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Stack(v any)
+		Stat(v any, fields ...LogField)
 	}
 
 	atomicWriter struct {
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func newFileWriter(c LogConf) (Writer, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Alert(v interface{}) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Alert(v any) {
 	output(w.errorLog, levelAlert, v)
 }
 
@@ -195,69 +195,69 @@ func (w *concreteWriter) Close() error {
 	return w.statLog.Close()
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Debug(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	output(w.infoLog, levelDebug, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Error(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Error(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	output(w.errorLog, levelError, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Info(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	output(w.infoLog, levelInfo, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Severe(v interface{}) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Severe(v any) {
 	output(w.severeLog, levelFatal, v)
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Slow(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	output(w.slowLog, levelSlow, v, fields...)
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Stack(v interface{}) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Stack(v any) {
 	output(w.stackLog, levelError, v)
 }
 
-func (w *concreteWriter) Stat(v interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func (w *concreteWriter) Stat(v any, fields ...LogField) {
 	output(w.statLog, levelStat, v, fields...)
 }
 
 type nopWriter struct{}
 
-func (n nopWriter) Alert(_ interface{}) {
+func (n nopWriter) Alert(_ any) {
 }
 
 func (n nopWriter) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Debug(_ interface{}, _ ...LogField) {
+func (n nopWriter) Debug(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Error(_ interface{}, _ ...LogField) {
+func (n nopWriter) Error(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Info(_ interface{}, _ ...LogField) {
+func (n nopWriter) Info(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Severe(_ interface{}) {
+func (n nopWriter) Severe(_ any) {
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Slow(_ interface{}, _ ...LogField) {
+func (n nopWriter) Slow(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Stack(_ interface{}) {
+func (n nopWriter) Stack(_ any) {
 }
 
-func (n nopWriter) Stat(_ interface{}, _ ...LogField) {
+func (n nopWriter) Stat(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
 }
 
-func buildFields(fields ...LogField) []string {
+func buildPlainFields(fields ...LogField) []string {
 	var items []string
 
 	for _, field := range fields {
-		items = append(items, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", field.Key, field.Value))
+		items = append(items, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%+v", field.Key, field.Value))
 	}
 
 	return items
@@ -269,15 +269,29 @@ func combineGlobalFields(fields []LogField) []LogField {
 		return fields
 	}
 
-	return append(globals.([]LogField), fields...)
+	gf := globals.([]LogField)
+	ret := make([]LogField, 0, len(gf)+len(fields))
+	ret = append(ret, gf...)
+	ret = append(ret, fields...)
+
+	return ret
 }
 
-func output(writer io.Writer, level string, val interface{}, fields ...LogField) {
+func output(writer io.Writer, level string, val any, fields ...LogField) {
+	// only truncate string content, don't know how to truncate the values of other types.
+	if v, ok := val.(string); ok {
+		maxLen := atomic.LoadUint32(&maxContentLength)
+		if maxLen > 0 && len(v) > int(maxLen) {
+			val = v[:maxLen]
+			fields = append(fields, truncatedField)
+		}
+	}
+
 	fields = combineGlobalFields(fields)
 
 	switch atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding) {
 	case plainEncodingType:
-		writePlainAny(writer, level, val, buildFields(fields...)...)
+		writePlainAny(writer, level, val, buildPlainFields(fields...)...)
 	default:
 		entry := make(logEntry)
 		for _, field := range fields {
@@ -316,7 +330,7 @@ func wrapLevelWithColor(level string) string {
 	return color.WithColorPadding(level, colour)
 }
 
-func writeJson(writer io.Writer, info interface{}) {
+func writeJson(writer io.Writer, info any) {
 	if content, err := json.Marshal(info); err != nil {
 		log.Println(err.Error())
 	} else if writer == nil {
@@ -326,7 +340,7 @@ func writeJson(writer io.Writer, info interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
-func writePlainAny(writer io.Writer, level string, val interface{}, fields ...string) {
+func writePlainAny(writer io.Writer, level string, val any, fields ...string) {
 	level = wrapLevelWithColor(level)
 
 	switch v := val.(type) {
@@ -363,7 +377,7 @@ func writePlainText(writer io.Writer, level, msg string, fields ...string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func writePlainValue(writer io.Writer, level string, val interface{}, fields ...string) {
+func writePlainValue(writer io.Writer, level string, val any, fields ...string) {
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	buf.WriteString(getTimestamp())
 	buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)

core/logx/writer_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"log"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ func TestNopWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		w.Stack("foo")
 		w.Stat("foo")
 		w.Slow("foo")
-		w.Close()
+		_ = w.Close()
 	})
 }
 
@@ -157,9 +158,40 @@ func TestWritePlainAny(t *testing.T) {
 
 }
 
+func TestLogWithLimitContentLength(t *testing.T) {
+	maxLen := atomic.LoadUint32(&maxContentLength)
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&maxContentLength, 10)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&maxContentLength, maxLen)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("alert", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		w := NewWriter(&buf)
+		w.Info("1234567890")
+		var v1 mockedEntry
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &v1); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "1234567890", v1.Content)
+		assert.False(t, v1.Truncated)
+
+		buf.Reset()
+		var v2 mockedEntry
+		w.Info("12345678901")
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &v2); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "1234567890", v2.Content)
+		assert.True(t, v2.Truncated)
+	})
+}
+
 type mockedEntry struct {
-	Level   string `json:"level"`
-	Content string `json:"content"`
+	Level     string `json:"level"`
+	Content   string `json:"content"`
+	Truncated bool   `json:"truncated"`
 }
 
 type easyToCloseWriter struct{}

core/mapping/jsonunmarshaler.go

@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@ const jsonTagKey = "json"
 var jsonUnmarshaler = NewUnmarshaler(jsonTagKey)
 
 // UnmarshalJsonBytes unmarshals content into v.
-func UnmarshalJsonBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalJsonBytes(content []byte, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	return unmarshalJsonBytes(content, v, getJsonUnmarshaler(opts...))
 }
 
 // UnmarshalJsonMap unmarshals content from m into v.
-func UnmarshalJsonMap(m map[string]interface{}, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalJsonMap(m map[string]any, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	return getJsonUnmarshaler(opts...).Unmarshal(m, v)
 }
 
 // UnmarshalJsonReader unmarshals content from reader into v.
-func UnmarshalJsonReader(reader io.Reader, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalJsonReader(reader io.Reader, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	return unmarshalJsonReader(reader, v, getJsonUnmarshaler(opts...))
 }
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ func getJsonUnmarshaler(opts ...UnmarshalOption) *Unmarshaler {
 	return jsonUnmarshaler
 }
 
-func unmarshalJsonBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, unmarshaler *Unmarshaler) error {
-	var m map[string]interface{}
+func unmarshalJsonBytes(content []byte, v any, unmarshaler *Unmarshaler) error {
+	var m any
 	if err := jsonx.Unmarshal(content, &m); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ func unmarshalJsonBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, unmarshaler *Unmarshaler)
 	return unmarshaler.Unmarshal(m, v)
 }
 
-func unmarshalJsonReader(reader io.Reader, v interface{}, unmarshaler *Unmarshaler) error {
-	var m map[string]interface{}
+func unmarshalJsonReader(reader io.Reader, v any, unmarshaler *Unmarshaler) error {
+	var m any
 	if err := jsonx.UnmarshalFromReader(reader, &m); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/mapping/jsonunmarshaler_test.go

@@ -856,8 +856,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalBytesError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	err := UnmarshalJsonBytes([]byte(payload), &v)
-	assert.NotNil(t, err)
-	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(err.Error(), payload))
+	assert.Equal(t, errTypeMismatch, err)
 }
 
 func TestUnmarshalReaderError(t *testing.T) {
@@ -867,14 +866,12 @@ func TestUnmarshalReaderError(t *testing.T) {
 		Any string
 	}
 
-	err := UnmarshalJsonReader(reader, &v)
-	assert.NotNil(t, err)
-	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(err.Error(), payload))
+	assert.Equal(t, errTypeMismatch, UnmarshalJsonReader(reader, &v))
 }
 
 func TestUnmarshalMap(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("nil map and valid", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var m map[string]interface{}
+		var m map[string]any
 		var v struct {
 			Any string `json:",optional"`
 		}
@@ -885,7 +882,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalMap(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("empty map but not valid", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := map[string]interface{}{}
+		m := map[string]any{}
 		var v struct {
 			Any string
 		}
@@ -895,7 +892,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalMap(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("empty map and valid", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := map[string]interface{}{}
+		m := map[string]any{}
 		var v struct {
 			Any string `json:",optional"`
 		}
@@ -908,7 +905,7 @@ func TestUnmarshalMap(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("valid map", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := map[string]interface{}{
+		m := map[string]any{
 			"Any": "foo",
 		}
 		var v struct {
@@ -920,3 +917,26 @@ func TestUnmarshalMap(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "foo", v.Any)
 	})
 }
+
+func TestUnmarshalJsonArray(t *testing.T) {
+	var v []struct {
+		Name string `json:"name"`
+		Age  int    `json:"age"`
+	}
+
+	body := `[{"name":"kevin", "age": 18}]`
+	assert.NoError(t, UnmarshalJsonBytes([]byte(body), &v))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(v))
+	assert.Equal(t, "kevin", v[0].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, 18, v[0].Age)
+}
+
+func TestUnmarshalJsonBytesError(t *testing.T) {
+	var v []struct {
+		Name string `json:"name"`
+		Age  int    `json:"age"`
+	}
+
+	assert.Error(t, UnmarshalJsonBytes([]byte((``)), &v))
+	assert.Error(t, UnmarshalJsonReader(strings.NewReader(``), &v))
+}

core/mapping/marshaler.go

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ const (
 
 // Marshal marshals the given val and returns the map that contains the fields.
 // optional=another is not implemented, and it's hard to implement and not common used.
-func Marshal(val interface{}) (map[string]map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	ret := make(map[string]map[string]interface{})
+func Marshal(val any) (map[string]map[string]any, error) {
+	ret := make(map[string]map[string]any)
 	tp := reflect.TypeOf(val)
 	if tp.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 		tp = tp.Elem()
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func getTag(field reflect.StructField) (string, bool) {
 }
 
 func processMember(field reflect.StructField, value reflect.Value,
-	collector map[string]map[string]interface{}) error {
+	collector map[string]map[string]any) error {
 	var key string
 	var opt *fieldOptions
 	var err error
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func processMember(field reflect.StructField, value reflect.Value,
 	if ok {
 		m[key] = val
 	} else {
-		m = map[string]interface{}{
+		m = map[string]any{
 			key: val,
 		}
 	}

core/mapping/marshaler_test.go

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ func TestMarshal_Range(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMarshal_RangeOut(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []interface{}{
+	tests := []any{
 		struct {
 			Int int `json:"int,range=[1:3]"`
 		}{
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ func TestMarshal_RangeOut(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMarshal_RangeIllegal(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []interface{}{
+	tests := []any{
 		struct {
 			Int int `json:"int,range=[3:1]"`
 		}{
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ func TestMarshal_RangeIllegal(t *testing.T) {
 func TestMarshal_RangeLeftEqualsToRight(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name  string
-		value interface{}
+		value any
 		err   error
 	}{
 		{

core/mapping/tomlunmarshaler.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // UnmarshalTomlBytes unmarshals TOML bytes into the given v.
-func UnmarshalTomlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalTomlBytes(content []byte, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	b, err := encoding.TomlToJson(content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func UnmarshalTomlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption)
 }
 
 // UnmarshalTomlReader unmarshals TOML from the given io.Reader into the given v.
-func UnmarshalTomlReader(r io.Reader, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalTomlReader(r io.Reader, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	b, err := io.ReadAll(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

core/mapping/unmarshaler.go

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ var (
 	durationType        = reflect.TypeOf(time.Duration(0))
 	cacheKeys           = make(map[string][]string)
 	cacheKeysLock       sync.Mutex
-	defaultCache        = make(map[string]interface{})
+	defaultCache        = make(map[string]any)
 	defaultCacheLock    sync.Mutex
-	emptyMap            = map[string]interface{}{}
+	emptyMap            = map[string]any{}
 	emptyValue          = reflect.ValueOf(lang.Placeholder)
 )
 
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ type (
 	UnmarshalOption func(*unmarshalOptions)
 
 	unmarshalOptions struct {
+		fillDefault  bool
 		fromString   bool
 		canonicalKey func(key string) string
 	}
@@ -66,21 +67,42 @@ func NewUnmarshaler(key string, opts ...UnmarshalOption) *Unmarshaler {
 }
 
 // UnmarshalKey unmarshals m into v with tag key.
-func UnmarshalKey(m map[string]interface{}, v interface{}) error {
+func UnmarshalKey(m map[string]any, v any) error {
 	return keyUnmarshaler.Unmarshal(m, v)
 }
 
 // Unmarshal unmarshals m into v.
-func (u *Unmarshaler) Unmarshal(m map[string]interface{}, v interface{}) error {
-	return u.UnmarshalValuer(mapValuer(m), v)
+func (u *Unmarshaler) Unmarshal(i any, v any) error {
+	valueType := reflect.TypeOf(v)
+	if valueType.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		return errValueNotSettable
+	}
+
+	elemType := Deref(valueType)
+	switch iv := i.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		if elemType.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+			return errTypeMismatch
+		}
+
+		return u.UnmarshalValuer(mapValuer(iv), v)
+	case []any:
+		if elemType.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+			return errTypeMismatch
+		}
+
+		return u.fillSlice(elemType, reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem(), iv)
+	default:
+		return errUnsupportedType
+	}
 }
 
 // UnmarshalValuer unmarshals m into v.
-func (u *Unmarshaler) UnmarshalValuer(m Valuer, v interface{}) error {
+func (u *Unmarshaler) UnmarshalValuer(m Valuer, v any) error {
 	return u.unmarshalWithFullName(simpleValuer{current: m}, v, "")
 }
 
-func (u *Unmarshaler) fillMap(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue interface{}) error {
+func (u *Unmarshaler) fillMap(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue any) error {
 	if !value.CanSet() {
 		return errValueNotSettable
 	}
@@ -100,7 +122,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillMap(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapVa
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *Unmarshaler) fillMapFromString(value reflect.Value, mapValue interface{}) error {
+func (u *Unmarshaler) fillMapFromString(value reflect.Value, mapValue any) error {
 	if !value.CanSet() {
 		return errValueNotSettable
 	}
@@ -121,13 +143,12 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillMapFromString(value reflect.Value, mapValue interface{
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSlice(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue interface{}) error {
+func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSlice(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue any) error {
 	if !value.CanSet() {
 		return errValueNotSettable
 	}
 
 	baseType := fieldType.Elem()
-	baseKind := baseType.Kind()
 	dereffedBaseType := Deref(baseType)
 	dereffedBaseKind := dereffedBaseType.Kind()
 	refValue := reflect.ValueOf(mapValue)
@@ -152,15 +173,11 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSlice(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, map
 		switch dereffedBaseKind {
 		case reflect.Struct:
 			target := reflect.New(dereffedBaseType)
-			if err := u.Unmarshal(ithValue.(map[string]interface{}), target.Interface()); err != nil {
+			if err := u.Unmarshal(ithValue.(map[string]any), target.Interface()); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			if baseKind == reflect.Ptr {
-				conv.Index(i).Set(target)
-			} else {
-				conv.Index(i).Set(target.Elem())
-			}
+			SetValue(fieldType.Elem(), conv.Index(i), target.Elem())
 		case reflect.Slice:
 			if err := u.fillSlice(dereffedBaseType, conv.Index(i), ithValue); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -180,8 +197,8 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSlice(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, map
 }
 
 func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSliceFromString(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
-	mapValue interface{}) error {
-	var slice []interface{}
+	mapValue any) error {
+	var slice []any
 	switch v := mapValue.(type) {
 	case fmt.Stringer:
 		if err := jsonx.UnmarshalFromString(v.String(), &slice); err != nil {
@@ -210,14 +227,14 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSliceFromString(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.
 }
 
 func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSliceValue(slice reflect.Value, index int,
-	baseKind reflect.Kind, value interface{}) error {
+	baseKind reflect.Kind, value any) error {
 	ithVal := slice.Index(index)
 	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case fmt.Stringer:
-		return setValue(baseKind, ithVal, v.String())
+		return setValueFromString(baseKind, ithVal, v.String())
 	case string:
-		return setValue(baseKind, ithVal, v)
-	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return setValueFromString(baseKind, ithVal, v)
+	case map[string]any:
 		return u.fillMap(ithVal.Type(), ithVal, value)
 	default:
 		// don't need to consider the difference between int, int8, int16, int32, int64,
@@ -230,7 +247,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSliceValue(slice reflect.Value, index int,
 
 			target := reflect.New(baseType).Elem()
 			target.Set(reflect.ValueOf(value))
-			ithVal.Set(target.Addr())
+			SetValue(ithVal.Type(), ithVal, target)
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -265,16 +282,19 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) fillSliceWithDefault(derefedType reflect.Type, value refle
 	return u.fillSlice(derefedType, value, slice)
 }
 
-func (u *Unmarshaler) generateMap(keyType, elemType reflect.Type, mapValue interface{}) (reflect.Value, error) {
+func (u *Unmarshaler) generateMap(keyType, elemType reflect.Type, mapValue any) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	mapType := reflect.MapOf(keyType, elemType)
 	valueType := reflect.TypeOf(mapValue)
 	if mapType == valueType {
 		return reflect.ValueOf(mapValue), nil
 	}
 
+	if keyType != valueType.Key() {
+		return emptyValue, errTypeMismatch
+	}
+
 	refValue := reflect.ValueOf(mapValue)
 	targetValue := reflect.MakeMapWithSize(mapType, refValue.Len())
-	fieldElemKind := elemType.Kind()
 	dereffedElemType := Deref(elemType)
 	dereffedElemKind := dereffedElemType.Kind()
 
@@ -291,7 +311,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) generateMap(keyType, elemType reflect.Type, mapValue inter
 
 			targetValue.SetMapIndex(key, target.Elem())
 		case reflect.Struct:
-			keythMap, ok := keythData.(map[string]interface{})
+			keythMap, ok := keythData.(map[string]any)
 			if !ok {
 				return emptyValue, errTypeMismatch
 			}
@@ -301,13 +321,9 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) generateMap(keyType, elemType reflect.Type, mapValue inter
 				return emptyValue, err
 			}
 
-			if fieldElemKind == reflect.Ptr {
-				targetValue.SetMapIndex(key, target)
-			} else {
-				targetValue.SetMapIndex(key, target.Elem())
-			}
+			SetMapIndexValue(elemType, targetValue, key, target.Elem())
 		case reflect.Map:
-			keythMap, ok := keythData.(map[string]interface{})
+			keythMap, ok := keythData.(map[string]any)
 			if !ok {
 				return emptyValue, errTypeMismatch
 			}
@@ -334,7 +350,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) generateMap(keyType, elemType reflect.Type, mapValue inter
 				targetValue.SetMapIndex(key, reflect.ValueOf(v))
 			case json.Number:
 				target := reflect.New(dereffedElemType)
-				if err := setValue(dereffedElemKind, target.Elem(), v.String()); err != nil {
+				if err := setValueFromString(dereffedElemKind, target.Elem(), v.String()); err != nil {
 					return emptyValue, err
 				}
 
@@ -361,6 +377,26 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) parseOptionsWithContext(field reflect.StructField, m Value
 		return key, nil, nil
 	}
 
+	if u.opts.canonicalKey != nil {
+		key = u.opts.canonicalKey(key)
+
+		if len(options.OptionalDep) > 0 {
+			// need to create a new fieldOption, because the original one is shared through cache.
+			options = &fieldOptions{
+				fieldOptionsWithContext: fieldOptionsWithContext{
+					Inherit:    options.Inherit,
+					FromString: options.FromString,
+					Optional:   options.Optional,
+					Options:    options.Options,
+					Default:    options.Default,
+					EnvVar:     options.EnvVar,
+					Range:      options.Range,
+				},
+				OptionalDep: u.opts.canonicalKey(options.OptionalDep),
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	optsWithContext, err := options.toOptionsWithContext(key, m, fullName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
@@ -376,19 +412,51 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousField(field reflect.StructField, value ref
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if _, hasValue := getValue(m, key); hasValue {
-		return fmt.Errorf("fields of %s can't be wrapped inside, because it's anonymous", key)
-	}
-
 	if options.optional() {
-		return u.processAnonymousFieldOptional(field.Type, value, key, m, fullName)
+		return u.processAnonymousFieldOptional(field, value, key, m, fullName)
 	}
 
-	return u.processAnonymousFieldRequired(field.Type, value, m, fullName)
+	return u.processAnonymousFieldRequired(field, value, m, fullName)
 }
 
-func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousFieldOptional(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
+func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousFieldOptional(field reflect.StructField, value reflect.Value,
 	key string, m valuerWithParent, fullName string) error {
+	derefedFieldType := Deref(field.Type)
+
+	switch derefedFieldType.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		return u.processAnonymousStructFieldOptional(field.Type, value, key, m, fullName)
+	default:
+		return u.processNamedField(field, value, m, fullName)
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousFieldRequired(field reflect.StructField, value reflect.Value,
+	m valuerWithParent, fullName string) error {
+	fieldType := field.Type
+	maybeNewValue(fieldType, value)
+	derefedFieldType := Deref(fieldType)
+	indirectValue := reflect.Indirect(value)
+
+	switch derefedFieldType.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < derefedFieldType.NumField(); i++ {
+			if err := u.processField(derefedFieldType.Field(i), indirectValue.Field(i),
+				m, fullName); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		if err := u.processNamedField(field, indirectValue, m, fullName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousStructFieldOptional(fieldType reflect.Type,
+	value reflect.Value, key string, m valuerWithParent, fullName string) error {
 	var filled bool
 	var required int
 	var requiredFilled int
@@ -422,22 +490,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousFieldOptional(fieldType reflect.Type, valu
 	}
 
 	if filled && required != requiredFilled {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not fully set", key)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u *Unmarshaler) processAnonymousFieldRequired(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
-	m valuerWithParent, fullName string) error {
-	maybeNewValue(fieldType, value)
-	derefedFieldType := Deref(fieldType)
-	indirectValue := reflect.Indirect(value)
-
-	for i := 0; i < derefedFieldType.NumField(); i++ {
-		if err := u.processField(derefedFieldType.Field(i), indirectValue.Field(i), m, fullName); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is not fully set", key)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -465,7 +518,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldNotFromString(fieldType reflect.Type, value re
 
 	switch {
 	case valueKind == reflect.Map && typeKind == reflect.Struct:
-		mv, ok := mapValue.(map[string]interface{})
+		mv, ok := mapValue.(map[string]any)
 		if !ok {
 			return errTypeMismatch
 		}
@@ -481,14 +534,14 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldNotFromString(fieldType reflect.Type, value re
 	case valueKind == reflect.String && typeKind == reflect.Slice:
 		return u.fillSliceFromString(fieldType, value, mapValue)
 	case valueKind == reflect.String && derefedFieldType == durationType:
-		return fillDurationValue(fieldType.Kind(), value, mapValue.(string))
+		return fillDurationValue(fieldType, value, mapValue.(string))
 	default:
 		return u.processFieldPrimitive(fieldType, value, mapValue, opts, fullName)
 	}
 }
 
 func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldPrimitive(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
-	mapValue interface{}, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext, fullName string) error {
+	mapValue any, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext, fullName string) error {
 	typeKind := Deref(fieldType).Kind()
 	valueKind := reflect.TypeOf(mapValue).Kind()
 
@@ -517,8 +570,8 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldPrimitive(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflec
 
 func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldPrimitiveWithJSONNumber(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
 	v json.Number, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext, fullName string) error {
-	fieldKind := fieldType.Kind()
-	typeKind := Deref(fieldType).Kind()
+	baseType := Deref(fieldType)
+	typeKind := baseType.Kind()
 
 	if err := validateJsonNumberRange(v, opts); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -528,9 +581,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldPrimitiveWithJSONNumber(fieldType reflect.Type
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if fieldKind == reflect.Ptr {
-		value = value.Elem()
-	}
+	target := reflect.New(Deref(fieldType)).Elem()
 
 	switch typeKind {
 	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
@@ -539,7 +590,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldPrimitiveWithJSONNumber(fieldType reflect.Type
 			return err
 		}
 
-		value.SetInt(iValue)
+		target.SetInt(iValue)
 	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
 		iValue, err := v.Int64()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -550,18 +601,20 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldPrimitiveWithJSONNumber(fieldType reflect.Type
 			return fmt.Errorf("unmarshal %q with bad value %q", fullName, v.String())
 		}
 
-		value.SetUint(uint64(iValue))
+		target.SetUint(uint64(iValue))
 	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
 		fValue, err := v.Float64()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		value.SetFloat(fValue)
+		target.SetFloat(fValue)
 	default:
 		return newTypeMismatchError(fullName)
 	}
 
+	SetValue(fieldType, value, target)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -574,7 +627,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldStruct(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.V
 			return err
 		}
 
-		value.Set(target.Addr())
+		SetValue(fieldType, value, target)
 	} else if err := u.unmarshalWithFullName(m, value.Addr().Interface(), fullName); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -583,12 +636,18 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldStruct(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.V
 }
 
 func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldTextUnmarshaler(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
-	mapValue interface{}) (bool, error) {
+	mapValue any) (bool, error) {
 	var tval encoding.TextUnmarshaler
 	var ok bool
 
 	if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		tval, ok = value.Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler)
+		if value.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			target := reflect.New(Deref(fieldType))
+			SetValue(fieldType.Elem(), value, target)
+			tval, ok = target.Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler)
+		} else {
+			tval, ok = value.Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler)
+		}
 	} else {
 		tval, ok = value.Addr().Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler)
 	}
@@ -621,7 +680,7 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldWithEnvValue(fieldType reflect.Type, value ref
 		value.SetBool(val)
 		return nil
 	case durationType.Kind():
-		if err := fillDurationValue(fieldKind, value, envVal); err != nil {
+		if err := fillDurationValue(fieldType, value, envVal); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unmarshal field %q with environment variable, %w", fullName, err)
 		}
 
@@ -636,6 +695,10 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processFieldWithEnvValue(fieldType reflect.Type, value ref
 
 func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedField(field reflect.StructField, value reflect.Value,
 	m valuerWithParent, fullName string) error {
+	if !field.IsExported() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	key, opts, err := u.parseOptionsWithContext(field, m, fullName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -656,7 +719,14 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedField(field reflect.StructField, value reflect
 
 	valuer := createValuer(m, opts)
 	mapValue, hasValue := getValue(valuer, canonicalKey)
-	if !hasValue {
+
+	// When fillDefault is used, m is a null value, hasValue must be false, all priority judgments fillDefault.
+	if u.opts.fillDefault {
+		if !value.IsZero() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("set the default value, %q must be zero", fullName)
+		}
+		return u.processNamedFieldWithoutValue(field.Type, value, opts, fullName)
+	} else if !hasValue {
 		return u.processNamedFieldWithoutValue(field.Type, value, opts, fullName)
 	}
 
@@ -674,11 +744,11 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedFieldWithValue(fieldType reflect.Type, value r
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		return fmt.Errorf("field %s mustn't be nil", key)
+		return fmt.Errorf("field %q mustn't be nil", key)
 	}
 
 	if !value.CanSet() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("field %s is not settable", key)
+		return fmt.Errorf("field %q is not settable", key)
 	}
 
 	maybeNewValue(fieldType, value)
@@ -693,47 +763,69 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedFieldWithValue(fieldType reflect.Type, value r
 		return u.processFieldNotFromString(fieldType, value, vp, opts, fullName)
 	default:
 		if u.opts.fromString || opts.fromString() {
-			valueKind := reflect.TypeOf(mapValue).Kind()
-			if valueKind != reflect.String {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error: the value in map is not string, but %s", valueKind)
-			}
-
-			options := opts.options()
-			if len(options) > 0 {
-				if !stringx.Contains(options, mapValue.(string)) {
-					return fmt.Errorf(`error: value "%s" for field "%s" is not defined in options "%v"`,
-						mapValue, key, options)
-				}
-			}
-
-			return fillPrimitive(fieldType, value, mapValue, opts, fullName)
+			return u.processNamedFieldWithValueFromString(fieldType, value, mapValue,
+				key, opts, fullName)
 		}
 
 		return u.processFieldNotFromString(fieldType, value, vp, opts, fullName)
 	}
 }
 
+func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedFieldWithValueFromString(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
+	mapValue any, key string, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext, fullName string) error {
+	valueKind := reflect.TypeOf(mapValue).Kind()
+	if valueKind != reflect.String {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the value in map is not string, but %s", valueKind)
+	}
+
+	options := opts.options()
+	if len(options) > 0 {
+		var checkValue string
+		switch mt := mapValue.(type) {
+		case string:
+			checkValue = mt
+		case fmt.Stringer:
+			checkValue = mt.String()
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("the value in map is not string or json.Number, but %s",
+				valueKind.String())
+		}
+
+		if !stringx.Contains(options, checkValue) {
+			return fmt.Errorf(`value "%s" for field %q is not defined in options "%v"`,
+				mapValue, key, options)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fillPrimitive(fieldType, value, mapValue, opts, fullName)
+}
+
 func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedFieldWithoutValue(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value,
 	opts *fieldOptionsWithContext, fullName string) error {
 	derefedType := Deref(fieldType)
 	fieldKind := derefedType.Kind()
 	if defaultValue, ok := opts.getDefault(); ok {
-		if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-			maybeNewValue(fieldType, value)
-			value = value.Elem()
-		}
 		if derefedType == durationType {
-			return fillDurationValue(fieldKind, value, defaultValue)
+			return fillDurationValue(fieldType, value, defaultValue)
 		}
 
 		switch fieldKind {
 		case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
 			return u.fillSliceWithDefault(derefedType, value, defaultValue)
 		default:
-			return setValue(fieldKind, value, defaultValue)
+			return setValueFromString(fieldKind, value, defaultValue)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if u.opts.fillDefault {
+		if fieldType.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && fieldKind == reflect.Struct {
+			return u.processFieldNotFromString(fieldType, value, valueWithParent{
+				value: emptyMap,
+			}, opts, fullName)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	switch fieldKind {
 	case reflect.Array, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
 		if !opts.optional() {
@@ -765,21 +857,35 @@ func (u *Unmarshaler) processNamedFieldWithoutValue(fieldType reflect.Type, valu
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *Unmarshaler) unmarshalWithFullName(m valuerWithParent, v interface{}, fullName string) error {
+func (u *Unmarshaler) unmarshalWithFullName(m valuerWithParent, v any, fullName string) error {
 	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
 	if err := ValidatePtr(&rv); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	rte := reflect.TypeOf(v).Elem()
-	if rte.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+	valueType := reflect.TypeOf(v)
+	baseType := Deref(valueType)
+	if baseType.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
 		return errValueNotStruct
 	}
 
-	rve := rv.Elem()
-	numFields := rte.NumField()
+	valElem := rv.Elem()
+	if valElem.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		target := reflect.New(baseType).Elem()
+		SetValue(valueType.Elem(), valElem, target)
+		valElem = target
+	}
+
+	numFields := baseType.NumField()
 	for i := 0; i < numFields; i++ {
-		if err := u.processField(rte.Field(i), rve.Field(i), m, fullName); err != nil {
+		typeField := baseType.Field(i)
+		valueField := valElem.Field(i)
+		if err := u.processField(typeField, valueField, m, fullName); err != nil {
+			if len(fullName) > 0 {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("%w, fullName: %s, field: %s, type: %s",
+					err, fullName, typeField.Name, valueField.Type().Name())
+			}
+
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -794,13 +900,20 @@ func WithStringValues() UnmarshalOption {
 	}
 }
 
-// WithCanonicalKeyFunc customizes an Unmarshaler with Canonical Key func
+// WithCanonicalKeyFunc customizes an Unmarshaler with Canonical Key func.
 func WithCanonicalKeyFunc(f func(string) string) UnmarshalOption {
 	return func(opt *unmarshalOptions) {
 		opt.canonicalKey = f
 	}
 }
 
+// WithDefault customizes an Unmarshaler with fill default values.
+func WithDefault() UnmarshalOption {
+	return func(opt *unmarshalOptions) {
+		opt.fillDefault = true
+	}
+}
+
 func createValuer(v valuerWithParent, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext) valuerWithParent {
 	if opts.inherit() {
 		return recursiveValuer{
@@ -815,22 +928,18 @@ func createValuer(v valuerWithParent, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext) valuerWithP
 	}
 }
 
-func fillDurationValue(fieldKind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, dur string) error {
+func fillDurationValue(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, dur string) error {
 	d, err := time.ParseDuration(dur)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if fieldKind == reflect.Ptr {
-		value.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(d))
-	} else {
-		value.Set(reflect.ValueOf(d))
-	}
+	SetValue(fieldType, value, reflect.ValueOf(d))
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func fillPrimitive(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue interface{},
+func fillPrimitive(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue any,
 	opts *fieldOptionsWithContext, fullName string) error {
 	if !value.CanSet() {
 		return errValueNotSettable
@@ -841,7 +950,7 @@ func fillPrimitive(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue interfa
 		target := reflect.New(baseType).Elem()
 		switch mapValue.(type) {
 		case string, json.Number:
-			value.Set(target.Addr())
+			SetValue(fieldType, value, target)
 			value = target
 		}
 	}
@@ -853,13 +962,13 @@ func fillPrimitive(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue interfa
 		if err := validateJsonNumberRange(v, opts); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		return setValue(baseType.Kind(), value, v.String())
+		return setValueFromString(baseType.Kind(), value, v.String())
 	default:
 		return newTypeMismatchError(fullName)
 	}
 }
 
-func fillWithSameType(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue interface{},
+func fillWithSameType(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue any,
 	opts *fieldOptionsWithContext) error {
 	if !value.CanSet() {
 		return errValueNotSettable
@@ -873,7 +982,7 @@ func fillWithSameType(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue inte
 		baseType := Deref(fieldType)
 		target := reflect.New(baseType).Elem()
 		setSameKindValue(baseType, target, mapValue)
-		value.Set(target.Addr())
+		SetValue(fieldType, value, target)
 	} else {
 		setSameKindValue(fieldType, value, mapValue)
 	}
@@ -882,12 +991,12 @@ func fillWithSameType(fieldType reflect.Type, value reflect.Value, mapValue inte
 }
 
 // getValue gets the value for the specific key, the key can be in the format of parentKey.childKey
-func getValue(m valuerWithParent, key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func getValue(m valuerWithParent, key string) (any, bool) {
 	keys := readKeys(key)
 	return getValueWithChainedKeys(m, keys)
 }
 
-func getValueWithChainedKeys(m valuerWithParent, keys []string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func getValueWithChainedKeys(m valuerWithParent, keys []string) (any, bool) {
 	switch len(keys) {
 	case 0:
 		return nil, false
@@ -896,7 +1005,7 @@ func getValueWithChainedKeys(m valuerWithParent, keys []string) (interface{}, bo
 		return v, ok
 	default:
 		if v, ok := m.Value(keys[0]); ok {
-			if nextm, ok := v.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			if nextm, ok := v.(map[string]any); ok {
 				return getValueWithChainedKeys(recursiveValuer{
 					current: mapValuer(nextm),
 					parent:  m,
@@ -930,11 +1039,11 @@ func join(elem ...string) string {
 }
 
 func newInitError(name string) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("field %s is not set", name)
+	return fmt.Errorf("field %q is not set", name)
 }
 
 func newTypeMismatchError(name string) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("error: type mismatch for field %s", name)
+	return fmt.Errorf("type mismatch for field %q", name)
 }
 
 func readKeys(key string) []string {
@@ -955,7 +1064,7 @@ func readKeys(key string) []string {
 	return keys
 }
 
-func setSameKindValue(targetType reflect.Type, target reflect.Value, value interface{}) {
+func setSameKindValue(targetType reflect.Type, target reflect.Value, value any) {
 	if reflect.ValueOf(value).Type().AssignableTo(targetType) {
 		target.Set(reflect.ValueOf(value))
 	} else {

core/mapping/utils.go

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type (
 
 // Deref dereferences a type, if pointer type, returns its element type.
 func Deref(t reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
-	if t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+	for t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 		t = t.Elem()
 	}
 
@@ -64,10 +64,20 @@ func Deref(t reflect.Type) reflect.Type {
 }
 
 // Repr returns the string representation of v.
-func Repr(v interface{}) string {
+func Repr(v any) string {
 	return lang.Repr(v)
 }
 
+// SetValue sets target to value, pointers are processed automatically.
+func SetValue(tp reflect.Type, value, target reflect.Value) {
+	value.Set(convertTypeOfPtr(tp, target))
+}
+
+// SetMapIndexValue sets target to value at key position, pointers are processed automatically.
+func SetMapIndexValue(tp reflect.Type, value, key, target reflect.Value) {
+	value.SetMapIndex(key, convertTypeOfPtr(tp, target))
+}
+
 // ValidatePtr validates v if it's a valid pointer.
 func ValidatePtr(v *reflect.Value) error {
 	// sequence is very important, IsNil must be called after checking Kind() with reflect.Ptr,
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ func ValidatePtr(v *reflect.Value) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func convertType(kind reflect.Kind, str string) (interface{}, error) {
+func convertTypeFromString(kind reflect.Kind, str string) (any, error) {
 	switch kind {
 	case reflect.Bool:
 		switch strings.ToLower(str) {
@@ -118,6 +128,23 @@ func convertType(kind reflect.Kind, str string) (interface{}, error) {
 	}
 }
 
+func convertTypeOfPtr(tp reflect.Type, target reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+	// keep the original value is a pointer
+	if tp.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && target.CanAddr() {
+		tp = tp.Elem()
+		target = target.Addr()
+	}
+
+	for tp.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		p := reflect.New(target.Type())
+		p.Elem().Set(target)
+		target = p
+		tp = tp.Elem()
+	}
+
+	return target
+}
+
 func doParseKeyAndOptions(field reflect.StructField, value string) (string, *fieldOptions, error) {
 	segments := parseSegments(value)
 	key := strings.TrimSpace(segments[0])
@@ -228,7 +255,7 @@ func parseGroupedSegments(val string) []string {
 
 // don't modify returned fieldOptions, it's cached and shared among different calls.
 func parseKeyAndOptions(tagName string, field reflect.StructField) (string, *fieldOptions, error) {
-	value := field.Tag.Get(tagName)
+	value := strings.TrimSpace(field.Tag.Get(tagName))
 	if len(value) == 0 {
 		return field.Name, nil, nil
 	}
@@ -343,7 +370,7 @@ func parseOption(fieldOpts *fieldOptions, fieldName, option string) error {
 			fieldOpts.Optional = true
 			fieldOpts.OptionalDep = segs[1]
 		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("field %s has wrong optional", fieldName)
+			return fmt.Errorf("field %q has wrong optional", fieldName)
 		}
 	case option == optionalOption:
 		fieldOpts.Optional = true
@@ -402,7 +429,7 @@ func parseOptions(val string) []string {
 func parseProperty(field, tag, val string) (string, error) {
 	segs := strings.Split(val, equalToken)
 	if len(segs) != 2 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("field %s has wrong %s", field, tag)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("field %q has wrong tag value %q", field, tag)
 	}
 
 	return strings.TrimSpace(segs[1]), nil
@@ -457,7 +484,7 @@ func parseSegments(val string) []string {
 	return segments
 }
 
-func setMatchedPrimitiveValue(kind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, v interface{}) error {
+func setMatchedPrimitiveValue(kind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, v any) error {
 	switch kind {
 	case reflect.Bool:
 		value.SetBool(v.(bool))
@@ -476,13 +503,13 @@ func setMatchedPrimitiveValue(kind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, v interfac
 	return nil
 }
 
-func setValue(kind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, str string) error {
+func setValueFromString(kind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, str string) error {
 	if !value.CanSet() {
 		return errValueNotSettable
 	}
 
 	value = ensureValue(value)
-	v, err := convertType(kind, str)
+	v, err := convertTypeFromString(kind, str)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -509,7 +536,7 @@ func structValueRequired(tag string, tp reflect.Type) (bool, error) {
 	return required, err
 }
 
-func toFloat64(v interface{}) (float64, bool) {
+func toFloat64(v any) (float64, bool) {
 	switch val := v.(type) {
 	case int:
 		return float64(val), true
@@ -555,7 +582,7 @@ func validateAndSetValue(kind reflect.Kind, value reflect.Value, str string, opt
 		return errValueNotSettable
 	}
 
-	v, err := convertType(kind, str)
+	v, err := convertTypeFromString(kind, str)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -596,12 +623,12 @@ func validateNumberRange(fv float64, nr *numberRange) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func validateValueInOptions(val interface{}, options []string) error {
+func validateValueInOptions(val any, options []string) error {
 	if len(options) > 0 {
 		switch v := val.(type) {
 		case string:
 			if !stringx.Contains(options, v) {
-				return fmt.Errorf(`error: value "%s" is not defined in options "%v"`, v, options)
+				return fmt.Errorf(`error: value %q is not defined in options "%v"`, v, options)
 			}
 		default:
 			if !stringx.Contains(options, Repr(v)) {
@@ -613,7 +640,7 @@ func validateValueInOptions(val interface{}, options []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func validateValueRange(mapValue interface{}, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext) error {
+func validateValueRange(mapValue any, opts *fieldOptionsWithContext) error {
 	if opts == nil || opts.Range == nil {
 		return nil
 	}

core/mapping/utils_test.go

@@ -144,6 +144,10 @@ func TestParseSegments(t *testing.T) {
 			input:  "",
 			expect: []string{},
 		},
+		{
+			input:  "   ",
+			expect: []string{},
+		},
 		{
 			input:  ",",
 			expect: []string{""},
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ func TestValidatePtrWithZeroValue(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSetValueNotSettable(t *testing.T) {
 	var i int
-	assert.NotNil(t, setValue(reflect.Int, reflect.ValueOf(i), "1"))
+	assert.NotNil(t, setValueFromString(reflect.Int, reflect.ValueOf(i), "1"))
 }
 
 func TestParseKeyAndOptionsErrors(t *testing.T) {
@@ -258,7 +262,7 @@ func TestSetValueFormatErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		IntValue   int
 		UintValue  uint
 		FloatValue float32
-		MapValue   map[string]interface{}
+		MapValue   map[string]any
 	}
 
 	var bar Bar
@@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ func TestSetValueFormatErrors(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.kind.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := setValue(test.kind, test.target, test.value)
+			err := setValueFromString(test.kind, test.target, test.value)
 			assert.NotEqual(t, errValueNotSettable, err)
 			assert.NotNil(t, err)
 		})

core/mapping/valuer.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ type (
 	// A Valuer interface defines the way to get values from the underlying object with keys.
 	Valuer interface {
 		// Value gets the value associated with the given key.
-		Value(key string) (interface{}, bool)
+		Value(key string) (any, bool)
 	}
 
 	// A valuerWithParent defines a node that has a parent node.
@@ -22,26 +22,26 @@ type (
 
 	// A valueWithParent is used to wrap the value with its parent.
 	valueWithParent struct {
-		value  interface{}
+		value  any
 		parent valuerWithParent
 	}
 
 	// mapValuer is a type for map to meet the Valuer interface.
-	mapValuer map[string]interface{}
+	mapValuer map[string]any
 	// simpleValuer is a type to get value from current node.
 	simpleValuer node
 	// recursiveValuer is a type to get the value recursively from current and parent nodes.
 	recursiveValuer node
 )
 
-// Value gets the value assciated with the given key from mv.
-func (mv mapValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+// Value gets the value associated with the given key from mv.
+func (mv mapValuer) Value(key string) (any, bool) {
 	v, ok := mv[key]
 	return v, ok
 }
 
 // Value gets the value associated with the given key from sv.
-func (sv simpleValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (sv simpleValuer) Value(key string) (any, bool) {
 	v, ok := sv.current.Value(key)
 	return v, ok
 }
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (sv simpleValuer) Parent() valuerWithParent {
 
 // Value gets the value associated with the given key from rv,
 // and it will inherit the value from parent nodes.
-func (rv recursiveValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (rv recursiveValuer) Value(key string) (any, bool) {
 	val, ok := rv.current.Value(key)
 	if !ok {
 		if parent := rv.Parent(); parent != nil {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (rv recursiveValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 		return nil, false
 	}
 
-	vm, ok := val.(map[string]interface{})
+	vm, ok := val.(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		return val, true
 	}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (rv recursiveValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 		return val, true
 	}
 
-	pm, ok := pv.(map[string]interface{})
+	pm, ok := pv.(map[string]any)
 	if !ok {
 		return val, true
 	}

core/mapping/valuer_test.go

@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestMapValuerWithInherit_Value(t *testing.T) {
-	input := map[string]interface{}{
-		"discovery": map[string]interface{}{
+	input := map[string]any{
+		"discovery": map[string]any{
 			"host": "localhost",
 			"port": 8080,
 		},
-		"component": map[string]interface{}{
+		"component": map[string]any{
 			"name": "test",
 		},
 	}
 	valuer := recursiveValuer{
-		current: mapValuer(input["component"].(map[string]interface{})),
+		current: mapValuer(input["component"].(map[string]any)),
 		parent: simpleValuer{
 			current: mapValuer(input),
 		},
@@ -26,8 +26,32 @@ func TestMapValuerWithInherit_Value(t *testing.T) {
 	val, ok := valuer.Value("discovery")
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 
-	m, ok := val.(map[string]interface{})
+	m, ok := val.(map[string]any)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "localhost", m["host"])
 	assert.Equal(t, 8080, m["port"])
 }
+
+func TestRecursiveValuer_Value(t *testing.T) {
+	input := map[string]any{
+		"component": map[string]any{
+			"name": "test",
+			"foo": map[string]any{
+				"bar": "baz",
+			},
+		},
+		"foo": "value",
+	}
+	valuer := recursiveValuer{
+		current: mapValuer(input["component"].(map[string]any)),
+		parent: simpleValuer{
+			current: mapValuer(input),
+		},
+	}
+
+	val, ok := valuer.Value("foo")
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, map[string]any{
+		"bar": "baz",
+	}, val)
+}

core/mapping/yamlunmarshaler.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // UnmarshalYamlBytes unmarshals content into v.
-func UnmarshalYamlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalYamlBytes(content []byte, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	b, err := encoding.YamlToJson(content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func UnmarshalYamlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption)
 }
 
 // UnmarshalYamlReader unmarshals content from reader into v.
-func UnmarshalYamlReader(reader io.Reader, v interface{}, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
+func UnmarshalYamlReader(reader io.Reader, v any, opts ...UnmarshalOption) error {
 	b, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

core/mathx/entropy.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import "math"
 const epsilon = 1e-6
 
 // CalcEntropy calculates the entropy of m.
-func CalcEntropy(m map[interface{}]int) float64 {
+func CalcEntropy(m map[any]int) float64 {
 	if len(m) == 0 || len(m) == 1 {
 		return 1
 	}

core/mathx/entropy_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 func TestCalcEntropy(t *testing.T) {
 	const total = 1000
 	const count = 100
-	m := make(map[interface{}]int, total)
+	m := make(map[any]int, total)
 	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
 		m[i] = count
 	}

core/mathx/unstable_test.go

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestUnstable_Distribution(t *testing.T) {
 	_, ok := m[0]
 	assert.False(t, ok)
 
-	mi := make(map[interface{}]int, len(m))
+	mi := make(map[any]int, len(m))
 	for k, v := range m {
 		mi[k] = v
 	}

core/metric/counter_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/prometheus"
 )
 
@@ -17,6 +18,9 @@ func TestNewCounterVec(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	defer counterVec.close()
 	counterVecNil := NewCounterVec(nil)
+	counterVec.Inc("path", "code")
+	counterVec.Add(1, "path", "code")
+	proc.Shutdown()
 	assert.NotNil(t, counterVec)
 	assert.Nil(t, counterVecNil)
 }

core/metric/gauge_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 )
 
 func TestNewGaugeVec(t *testing.T) {
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ func TestNewGaugeVec(t *testing.T) {
 	gaugeVecNil := NewGaugeVec(nil)
 	assert.NotNil(t, gaugeVec)
 	assert.Nil(t, gaugeVecNil)
+
+	proc.Shutdown()
 }
 
 func TestGaugeInc(t *testing.T) {

core/metric/histogram_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 )
 
 func TestNewHistogramVec(t *testing.T) {
@@ -47,4 +48,6 @@ func TestHistogramObserve(t *testing.T) {
 
 	err := testutil.CollectAndCompare(hv.histogram, strings.NewReader(metadata+val))
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
+
+	proc.Shutdown()
 }

core/mr/mapreduce.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/errorx"
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -24,30 +23,30 @@ var (
 
 type (
 	// ForEachFunc is used to do element processing, but no output.
-	ForEachFunc func(item interface{})
+	ForEachFunc[T any] func(item T)
 	// GenerateFunc is used to let callers send elements into source.
-	GenerateFunc func(source chan<- interface{})
+	GenerateFunc[T any] func(source chan<- T)
 	// MapFunc is used to do element processing and write the output to writer.
-	MapFunc func(item interface{}, writer Writer)
+	MapFunc[T, U any] func(item T, writer Writer[U])
 	// MapperFunc is used to do element processing and write the output to writer,
 	// use cancel func to cancel the processing.
-	MapperFunc func(item interface{}, writer Writer, cancel func(error))
+	MapperFunc[T, U any] func(item T, writer Writer[U], cancel func(error))
 	// ReducerFunc is used to reduce all the mapping output and write to writer,
 	// use cancel func to cancel the processing.
-	ReducerFunc func(pipe <-chan interface{}, writer Writer, cancel func(error))
+	ReducerFunc[U, V any] func(pipe <-chan U, writer Writer[V], cancel func(error))
 	// VoidReducerFunc is used to reduce all the mapping output, but no output.
 	// Use cancel func to cancel the processing.
-	VoidReducerFunc func(pipe <-chan interface{}, cancel func(error))
+	VoidReducerFunc[U any] func(pipe <-chan U, cancel func(error))
 	// Option defines the method to customize the mapreduce.
 	Option func(opts *mapReduceOptions)
 
-	mapperContext struct {
+	mapperContext[T, U any] struct {
 		ctx       context.Context
-		mapper    MapFunc
-		source    <-chan interface{}
+		mapper    MapFunc[T, U]
+		source    <-chan T
 		panicChan *onceChan
-		collector chan<- interface{}
-		doneChan  <-chan lang.PlaceholderType
+		collector chan<- U
+		doneChan  <-chan struct{}
 		workers   int
 	}
 
@@ -57,8 +56,8 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	// Writer interface wraps Write method.
-	Writer interface {
-		Write(v interface{})
+	Writer[T any] interface {
+		Write(v T)
 	}
 )
 
@@ -68,16 +67,15 @@ func Finish(fns ...func() error) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return MapReduceVoid(func(source chan<- interface{}) {
+	return MapReduceVoid(func(source chan<- func() error) {
 		for _, fn := range fns {
 			source <- fn
 		}
-	}, func(item interface{}, writer Writer, cancel func(error)) {
-		fn := item.(func() error)
+	}, func(fn func() error, writer Writer[any], cancel func(error)) {
 		if err := fn(); err != nil {
 			cancel(err)
 		}
-	}, func(pipe <-chan interface{}, cancel func(error)) {
+	}, func(pipe <-chan any, cancel func(error)) {
 	}, WithWorkers(len(fns)))
 }
 
@@ -87,27 +85,26 @@ func FinishVoid(fns ...func()) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	ForEach(func(source chan<- interface{}) {
+	ForEach(func(source chan<- func()) {
 		for _, fn := range fns {
 			source <- fn
 		}
-	}, func(item interface{}) {
-		fn := item.(func())
+	}, func(fn func()) {
 		fn()
 	}, WithWorkers(len(fns)))
 }
 
 // ForEach maps all elements from given generate but no output.
-func ForEach(generate GenerateFunc, mapper ForEachFunc, opts ...Option) {
+func ForEach[T any](generate GenerateFunc[T], mapper ForEachFunc[T], opts ...Option) {
 	options := buildOptions(opts...)
-	panicChan := &onceChan{channel: make(chan interface{})}
+	panicChan := &onceChan{channel: make(chan any)}
 	source := buildSource(generate, panicChan)
-	collector := make(chan interface{})
-	done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
+	collector := make(chan any)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
 
-	go executeMappers(mapperContext{
+	go executeMappers(mapperContext[T, any]{
 		ctx: options.ctx,
-		mapper: func(item interface{}, _ Writer) {
+		mapper: func(item T, _ Writer[any]) {
 			mapper(item)
 		},
 		source:    source,
@@ -131,26 +128,26 @@ func ForEach(generate GenerateFunc, mapper ForEachFunc, opts ...Option) {
 
 // MapReduce maps all elements generated from given generate func,
 // and reduces the output elements with given reducer.
-func MapReduce(generate GenerateFunc, mapper MapperFunc, reducer ReducerFunc,
-	opts ...Option) (interface{}, error) {
-	panicChan := &onceChan{channel: make(chan interface{})}
+func MapReduce[T, U, V any](generate GenerateFunc[T], mapper MapperFunc[T, U], reducer ReducerFunc[U, V],
+	opts ...Option) (V, error) {
+	panicChan := &onceChan{channel: make(chan any)}
 	source := buildSource(generate, panicChan)
 	return mapReduceWithPanicChan(source, panicChan, mapper, reducer, opts...)
 }
 
 // MapReduceChan maps all elements from source, and reduce the output elements with given reducer.
-func MapReduceChan(source <-chan interface{}, mapper MapperFunc, reducer ReducerFunc,
-	opts ...Option) (interface{}, error) {
-	panicChan := &onceChan{channel: make(chan interface{})}
+func MapReduceChan[T, U, V any](source <-chan T, mapper MapperFunc[T, U], reducer ReducerFunc[U, V],
+	opts ...Option) (V, error) {
+	panicChan := &onceChan{channel: make(chan any)}
 	return mapReduceWithPanicChan(source, panicChan, mapper, reducer, opts...)
 }
 
 // mapReduceWithPanicChan maps all elements from source, and reduce the output elements with given reducer.
-func mapReduceWithPanicChan(source <-chan interface{}, panicChan *onceChan, mapper MapperFunc,
-	reducer ReducerFunc, opts ...Option) (interface{}, error) {
+func mapReduceWithPanicChan[T, U, V any](source <-chan T, panicChan *onceChan, mapper MapperFunc[T, U],
+	reducer ReducerFunc[U, V], opts ...Option) (val V, err error) {
 	options := buildOptions(opts...)
 	// output is used to write the final result
-	output := make(chan interface{})
+	output := make(chan V)
 	defer func() {
 		// reducer can only write once, if more, panic
 		for range output {
@@ -159,12 +156,12 @@ func mapReduceWithPanicChan(source <-chan interface{}, panicChan *onceChan, mapp
 	}()
 
 	// collector is used to collect data from mapper, and consume in reducer
-	collector := make(chan interface{}, options.workers)
+	collector := make(chan U, options.workers)
 	// if done is closed, all mappers and reducer should stop processing
-	done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
 	writer := newGuardedWriter(options.ctx, output, done)
 	var closeOnce sync.Once
-	// use atomic.Value to avoid data race
+	// use atomic type to avoid data race
 	var retErr errorx.AtomicError
 	finish := func() {
 		closeOnce.Do(func() {
@@ -195,9 +192,9 @@ func mapReduceWithPanicChan(source <-chan interface{}, panicChan *onceChan, mapp
 		reducer(collector, writer, cancel)
 	}()
 
-	go executeMappers(mapperContext{
+	go executeMappers(mapperContext[T, U]{
 		ctx: options.ctx,
-		mapper: func(item interface{}, w Writer) {
+		mapper: func(item T, w Writer[U]) {
 			mapper(item, w, cancel)
 		},
 		source:    source,
@@ -210,26 +207,29 @@ func mapReduceWithPanicChan(source <-chan interface{}, panicChan *onceChan, mapp
 	select {
 	case <-options.ctx.Done():
 		cancel(context.DeadlineExceeded)
-		return nil, context.DeadlineExceeded
+		err = context.DeadlineExceeded
 	case v := <-panicChan.channel:
 		// drain output here, otherwise for loop panic in defer
 		drain(output)
 		panic(v)
 	case v, ok := <-output:
-		if err := retErr.Load(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+		if e := retErr.Load(); e != nil {
+			err = e
 		} else if ok {
-			return v, nil
+			val = v
 		} else {
-			return nil, ErrReduceNoOutput
+			err = ErrReduceNoOutput
 		}
 	}
+
+	return
 }
 
 // MapReduceVoid maps all elements generated from given generate,
 // and reduce the output elements with given reducer.
-func MapReduceVoid(generate GenerateFunc, mapper MapperFunc, reducer VoidReducerFunc, opts ...Option) error {
-	_, err := MapReduce(generate, mapper, func(input <-chan interface{}, writer Writer, cancel func(error)) {
+func MapReduceVoid[T, U any](generate GenerateFunc[T], mapper MapperFunc[T, U],
+	reducer VoidReducerFunc[U], opts ...Option) error {
+	_, err := MapReduce(generate, mapper, func(input <-chan U, writer Writer[any], cancel func(error)) {
 		reducer(input, cancel)
 	}, opts...)
 	if errors.Is(err, ErrReduceNoOutput) {
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ func buildOptions(opts ...Option) *mapReduceOptions {
 	return options
 }
 
-func buildSource(generate GenerateFunc, panicChan *onceChan) chan interface{} {
-	source := make(chan interface{})
+func buildSource[T any](generate GenerateFunc[T], panicChan *onceChan) chan T {
+	source := make(chan T)
 	go func() {
 		defer func() {
 			if r := recover(); r != nil {
@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ func buildSource(generate GenerateFunc, panicChan *onceChan) chan interface{} {
 }
 
 // drain drains the channel.
-func drain(channel <-chan interface{}) {
+func drain[T any](channel <-chan T) {
 	// drain the channel
 	for range channel {
 	}
 }
 
-func executeMappers(mCtx mapperContext) {
+func executeMappers[T, U any](mCtx mapperContext[T, U]) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	defer func() {
 		wg.Wait()
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ func executeMappers(mCtx mapperContext) {
 	}()
 
 	var failed int32
-	pool := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType, mCtx.workers)
+	pool := make(chan struct{}, mCtx.workers)
 	writer := newGuardedWriter(mCtx.ctx, mCtx.collector, mCtx.doneChan)
 	for atomic.LoadInt32(&failed) == 0 {
 		select {
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ func executeMappers(mCtx mapperContext) {
 			return
 		case <-mCtx.doneChan:
 			return
-		case pool <- lang.Placeholder:
+		case pool <- struct{}{}:
 			item, ok := <-mCtx.source
 			if !ok {
 				<-pool
@@ -346,22 +346,21 @@ func once(fn func(error)) func(error) {
 	}
 }
 
-type guardedWriter struct {
+type guardedWriter[T any] struct {
 	ctx     context.Context
-	channel chan<- interface{}
-	done    <-chan lang.PlaceholderType
+	channel chan<- T
+	done    <-chan struct{}
 }
 
-func newGuardedWriter(ctx context.Context, channel chan<- interface{},
-	done <-chan lang.PlaceholderType) guardedWriter {
-	return guardedWriter{
+func newGuardedWriter[T any](ctx context.Context, channel chan<- T, done <-chan struct{}) guardedWriter[T] {
+	return guardedWriter[T]{
 		ctx:     ctx,
 		channel: channel,
 		done:    done,
 	}
 }
 
-func (gw guardedWriter) Write(v interface{}) {
+func (gw guardedWriter[T]) Write(v T) {
 	select {
 	case <-gw.ctx.Done():
 		return
@@ -373,11 +372,11 @@ func (gw guardedWriter) Write(v interface{}) {
 }
 
 type onceChan struct {
-	channel chan interface{}
+	channel chan any
 	wrote   int32
 }
 
-func (oc *onceChan) write(val interface{}) {
+func (oc *onceChan) write(val any) {
 	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&oc.wrote, 0, 1) {
 		oc.channel <- val
 	}