docs: regenerate swagger example files with fixed array definitions

The swagger generation code already contains the fix for array definitions
with useDefinitions=true (from PR #5216). The fix ensures that when arrays
contain structs, the $ref is placed inside items rather than at the schema level.

However, the example swagger files were not regenerated after the fix,
so they still showed the old incorrect structure. This commit regenerates
the example files to reflect the corrected behavior.

Co-authored-by: kevwan <1918356+kevwan@users.noreply.github.com>

.codecov.yml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-comment: false
-ignore:
-  - "tools"

.dockerignore

@@ -1 +1,7 @@
 **/.git
+.dockerignore
+Dockerfile
+goctl
+Makefile
+readme.md
+readme-cn.md

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
 # These are supported funding model platforms
 
-github: # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2]
-patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
-open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
-ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username
-tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
-community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
-liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
-issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
-otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
-custom: https://gitee.com/kevwan/static/raw/master/images/sponsor.jpg
+github: [zeromicro]

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# GitHub Copilot Instructions for go-zero
+
+This document provides guidelines for GitHub Copilot when assisting with development in the go-zero project.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+go-zero is a web and RPC framework with lots of built-in engineering practices designed to ensure the stability of busy services with resilience design. It has been serving sites with tens of millions of users for years.
+
+### Key Architecture Components
+
+- **REST API framework** (`rest/`) - HTTP service framework with middleware support
+- **RPC framework** (`zrpc/`) - gRPC-based RPC framework with service discovery
+- **Core utilities** (`core/`) - Foundational components including:
+  - Circuit breakers, rate limiters, load shedding
+  - Caching, stores (Redis, MongoDB, SQL)
+  - Concurrency control, metrics, tracing
+  - Configuration management
+- **Code generation tool** (`tools/goctl/`) - CLI tool for generating code from API files
+
+## Coding Standards and Conventions
+
+### Code Style
+
+1. **Follow Go conventions**: Use `gofmt` for formatting, follow effective Go practices
+2. **Package naming**: Use lowercase, single-word package names when possible
+3. **Error handling**: Always handle errors explicitly, use `errorx.BatchError` for multiple errors
+4. **Context propagation**: Always pass `context.Context` as the first parameter for functions that may block
+5. **Configuration structures**: Use struct tags with JSON annotations and default values
+
+Example configuration pattern:
+```go
+type Config struct {
+    Host     string `json:",default=0.0.0.0"`
+    Port     int    `json:",default=8080"`
+    Timeout  int    `json:",default=3000"`
+    Optional string `json:",optional"`
+}
+```
+
+### Interface Design
+
+1. **Small interfaces**: Follow Go's preference for small, focused interfaces
+2. **Context methods**: Provide both context and non-context versions of methods
+3. **Options pattern**: Use functional options for complex configuration
+
+Example:
+```go
+func (c *Client) Get(key string, val any) error {
+    return c.GetCtx(context.Background(), key, val)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) GetCtx(ctx context.Context, key string, val any) error {
+    // implementation
+}
+```
+
+### Testing Patterns
+
+1. **Test file naming**: Use `*_test.go` suffix
+2. **Test function naming**: Use `TestFunctionName` pattern
+3. **Use testify/assert**: Prefer `assert` package for assertions
+4. **Table-driven tests**: Use table-driven tests for multiple scenarios
+5. **Mock interfaces**: Use `go.uber.org/mock` for mocking
+6. **Test helpers**: Use `redistest`, `mongtest` helpers for database testing
+
+Example test pattern:
+```go
+func TestSomething(t *testing.T) {
+    tests := []struct {
+        name     string
+        input    string
+        expected string
+        wantErr  bool
+    }{
+        {"valid case", "input", "output", false},
+        {"error case", "bad", "", true},
+    }
+
+    for _, tt := range tests {
+        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+            result, err := SomeFunction(tt.input)
+            if tt.wantErr {
+                assert.Error(t, err)
+                return
+            }
+            assert.NoError(t, err)
+            assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Framework-Specific Guidelines
+
+### REST API Development
+
+1. **API Definition**: Use `.api` files to define REST APIs
+2. **Handler pattern**: Separate business logic into logic packages
+3. **Middleware**: Use built-in middlewares (tracing, logging, metrics, recovery)
+4. **Response handling**: Use `httpx.WriteJson` for JSON responses
+5. **Error handling**: Use `httpx.Error` for HTTP error responses
+
+### RPC Development
+
+1. **Protocol Buffers**: Use protobuf for service definitions
+2. **Service discovery**: Integrate with etcd for service registration
+3. **Load balancing**: Use built-in load balancing strategies
+4. **Interceptors**: Implement interceptors for cross-cutting concerns
+
+### Database Operations
+
+1. **SQL operations**: Use `sqlx` package for database operations
+2. **Caching**: Implement caching patterns with `cache` package
+3. **Transactions**: Use proper transaction handling
+4. **Connection pooling**: Configure appropriate connection pools
+
+Example cache pattern:
+```go
+err := c.QueryRowCtx(ctx, &dest, key, func(ctx context.Context, conn sqlx.SqlConn) error {
+    return conn.QueryRowCtx(ctx, &dest, query, args...)
+})
+```
+
+### Configuration Management
+
+1. **YAML configuration**: Use YAML for configuration files
+2. **Environment variables**: Support environment variable overrides
+3. **Validation**: Include proper validation for configuration parameters
+4. **Sensible defaults**: Provide reasonable default values
+
+## Error Handling Best Practices
+
+1. **Wrap errors**: Use `fmt.Errorf` with `%w` verb to wrap errors
+2. **Custom errors**: Define custom error types when needed
+3. **Error logging**: Log errors appropriately with context
+4. **Graceful degradation**: Implement fallback mechanisms
+
+## Performance Considerations
+
+1. **Resource pools**: Use connection pools and worker pools
+2. **Circuit breakers**: Implement circuit breaker patterns for external calls
+3. **Rate limiting**: Apply rate limiting to protect services
+4. **Load shedding**: Implement adaptive load shedding
+5. **Metrics**: Add appropriate metrics and monitoring
+
+## Security Guidelines
+
+1. **Input validation**: Validate all input parameters
+2. **SQL injection prevention**: Use parameterized queries
+3. **Authentication**: Implement proper JWT token handling
+4. **HTTPS**: Support TLS/HTTPS configurations
+5. **CORS**: Configure CORS appropriately for web APIs
+
+## Documentation Standards
+
+1. **Package documentation**: Include package-level documentation
+2. **Function documentation**: Document exported functions with examples
+3. **API documentation**: Maintain API documentation in sync
+4. **README updates**: Update README for significant changes
+
+## Common Patterns to Follow
+
+### Service Configuration
+```go
+type ServiceConf struct {
+    Name string
+    Log  logx.LogConf
+    Mode string `json:",default=pro,options=[dev,test,pre,pro]"`
+    // ... other common fields
+}
+```
+
+### Middleware Implementation
+```go
+func SomeMiddleware() rest.Middleware {
+    return func(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
+        return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+            // Pre-processing
+            next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+            // Post-processing
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Resource Management
+Always implement proper resource cleanup using defer and context cancellation.
+
+## Build and Test Commands
+
+- Build: `go build ./...`
+- Test: `go test ./...`  
+- Test with race detection: `go test -race ./...`
+- Format: `gofmt -w .`
+- Generate code: `goctl api go -api *.api -dir .`
+
+Remember to run tests and ensure all checks pass before submitting changes. The project emphasizes high quality, performance, and reliability, so these should be primary considerations in all development work.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
+# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker" # Update image tags in Dockerfile
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions" # Update GitHub Actions
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod" # See documentation for possible values
+    directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod" # See documentation for possible values
+    directory: "/tools/goctl" # Location of package manifests
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -11,14 +11,16 @@ jobs:
     name: Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Set up Go 1.x
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.15
-        id: go
-
       - name: Check out code into the Go module directory
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Set up Go 1.x
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          check-latest: true
+          cache: true
+        id: go
 
       - name: Get dependencies
         run: |
@@ -27,30 +29,42 @@ jobs:
       - name: Lint
         run: |
           go vet -stdmethods=false $(go list ./...)
-          go install mvdan.cc/gofumpt@latest
-          test -z "$(gofumpt -s -l -extra .)" || echo "Please run 'gofumpt -l -w -extra .'"
+
+          go mod tidy
+          if ! test -z "$(git status --porcelain)"; then
+            echo "Please run 'go mod tidy'"
+            exit 1
+          fi
 
       - name: Test
         run: go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...
 
       - name: Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          files: ./coverage.txt
+          flags: unittests
+          name: codecov-umbrella
+          fail_ci_if_error: false
 
   test-win:
     name: Windows
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Set up Go 1.x
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
-        with:
-          go-version: ^1.15
-
       - name: Checkout codebase
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Set up Go 1.x
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          # make sure Go version compatible with go-zero
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          check-latest: true
+          cache: true
 
       - name: Test
         run: |
           go mod verify
           go mod download
-          go test -v -race ./...
+          go test ./...
           cd tools/goctl && go build -v goctl.go

.github/workflows/issue-translator.yml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: 'issue-translator'
-on: 
-  issue_comment: 
-    types: [created]
-  issues: 
-    types: [opened]
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: tomsun28/issues-translate-action@v2.6
-        with:
-          IS_MODIFY_TITLE: true
-          # not require, default false, . Decide whether to modify the issue title
-          # if true, the robot account @Issues-translate-bot must have modification permissions, invite @Issues-translate-bot to your project or use your custom bot.
-          CUSTOM_BOT_NOTE: Bot detected the issue body's language is not English, translate it automatically. 👯👭🏻🧑‍🤝‍🧑👫🧑🏿‍🤝‍🧑🏻👩🏾‍🤝‍👨🏿👬🏿
-          # not require. Customize the translation robot prefix message.

.github/workflows/issues.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ jobs:
   close-issues:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v3
+      - uses: actions/stale@v10
         with:
-          days-before-issue-stale: 30
-          days-before-issue-close: 14
+          days-before-issue-stale: 365
+          days-before-issue-close: 90
           stale-issue-label: "stale"
           stale-issue-message: "This issue is stale because it has been open for 30 days with no activity."
           close-issue-message: "This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days since being marked as stale."

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "tools/goctl/*"
+jobs:
+  releases-matrix:
+    name: Release goctl binary
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # build and publish in parallel: linux/386, linux/amd64, linux/arm64,
+        # windows/386, windows/amd64, windows/arm64, darwin/amd64, darwin/arm64
+        goos: [ linux, windows, darwin ]
+        goarch: [ "386", amd64, arm64 ]
+        exclude:
+          - goarch: "386"
+            goos: darwin
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: zeromicro/go-zero-release-action@master
+        with:
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          goos: ${{ matrix.goos }}
+          goarch: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          goversion: "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.21.13.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+          project_path: "tools/goctl"
+          binary_name: "goctl"
+          extra_files: tools/goctl/readme.md tools/goctl/readme-cn.md

.github/workflows/reviewdog.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ jobs:
     name: runner / staticcheck
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - uses: reviewdog/action-staticcheck@v1
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.github_token }}
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ jobs:
           # Report all results.
           filter_mode: nofilter
           # Exit with 1 when it find at least one finding.
-          fail_on_error: true
+          fail_level: any
           # Set staticcheck flags
           staticcheck_flags: -checks=inherit,-SA1019,-SA1029,-SA5008

.github/workflows/version-check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: Release Version Check
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'tools/goctl/v*'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  version-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.21'
+
+      - name: Extract tag version
+        id: get_version
+        run: |
+          # Extract version from tools/goctl/v* format
+          VERSION="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/tools/goctl/v}"
+          echo "VERSION=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "Extracted version: $VERSION"
+
+      - name: Check version in goctl source code
+        run: |
+          # Change to goctl directory
+          cd tools/goctl
+          
+          # Check version in BuildVersion constant
+          VERSION_IN_CODE=$(grep -r "const BuildVersion =" . | grep -o '".*"' | tr -d '"')
+          echo "Version in code: $VERSION_IN_CODE"
+          echo "Expected version: $VERSION"
+          
+          if [ "$VERSION_IN_CODE" != "$VERSION" ]; then
+            echo "Version mismatch: Version in code ($VERSION_IN_CODE) doesn't match tag version ($VERSION)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "✅ Version check passed!"

.gitignore

@@ -11,16 +11,21 @@
 !api
 
 # ignore
-.idea
+**/.idea
+**/.vscode
 **/.DS_Store
 **/logs
+**/adhoc
+**/coverage.txt
+**/WARP.md
 
 # for test purpose
-**/adhoc
-**/testdata
+go.work
+go.work.sum
 
 # gitlab ci
 .cache
+.golangci.yml
 
 # vim auto backup file
 *~

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,102 +1,76 @@
-# Contributing
+# 🚀 Contributing to go-zero
 
-Welcome to go-zero!
+Welcome to the go-zero community! We're thrilled to have you here. Contributing to our project is a fantastic way to be a part of the go-zero journey. Let's make this guide exciting and fun!
 
--   [Before you get started](#before-you-get-started)
-    -   [Code of Conduct](#code-of-conduct)
-    -   [Community Expectations](#community-expectations)
--   [Getting started](#getting-started)
--   [Your First Contribution](#your-first-contribution)
-    -   [Find something to work on](#find-something-to-work-on)
-        -   [Find a good first topic](#find-a-good-first-topic)
-        -   [Work on an Issue](#work-on-an-issue)
-        -   [File an Issue](#file-an-issue)
--   [Contributor Workflow](#contributor-workflow)
-    -   [Creating Pull Requests](#creating-pull-requests)
-    -   [Code Review](#code-review)
-    -   [Testing](#testing)
+## 📜 Before You Dive In
 
-# Before you get started
+### 🤝 Code of Conduct
 
-## Code of Conduct
+Let's start on the right foot. Please take a moment to read and embrace our [Code of Conduct](/code-of-conduct.md). We're all about creating a welcoming and respectful environment.
 
-Please make sure to read and observe our [Code of Conduct](/code-of-conduct.md).
+### 🌟 Community Expectations
 
-## Community Expectations
+At go-zero, we're like a close-knit family, and we believe in creating a healthy, friendly, and productive atmosphere. It's all about sharing knowledge and building amazing things together.
 
-go-zero is a community project driven by its community which strives to promote a healthy, friendly and productive environment.
-go-zero is a web and rpc framework written in Go. It's born to ensure the stability of the busy sites with resilient design. Builtin goctl greatly improves the development productivity.
+## 🚀 Getting Started
 
-# Getting started
+Get your adventure rolling! Here's how to begin:
 
-- Fork the repository on GitHub.
-- Make your changes on your fork repository.
-- Submit a PR.
+1. 🍴 **Fork the Repository**: Head over to the GitHub repository and fork it to your own space.
 
+2. 🛠️ **Make Your Magic**: Work your magic in your forked repository. Create new features, squash bugs, or improve documentation - it's your world to conquer!
 
-# Your First Contribution
+3. 🚀 **Submit a PR (Pull Request)**: When you're ready to unveil your creation, submit a Pull Request. We can't wait to see your awesome work!
 
-We will help you to contribute in different areas like filing issues, developing features, fixing critical bugs and
-getting your work reviewed and merged.
+## 🌟 Your First Contribution
 
-If you have questions about the development process,
-feel free to [file an issue](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues/new/choose).
+We're here to guide you on your quest to become a go-zero contributor. Whether you want to file issues, develop features, or tame some critical bugs, we've got you covered.
 
-## Find something to work on
+If you have questions or need guidance at any stage, don't hesitate to [open an issue](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues/new/choose).
 
-We are always in need of help, be it fixing documentation, reporting bugs or writing some code.
-Look at places where you feel best coding practices aren't followed, code refactoring is needed or tests are missing.
-Here is how you get started.
+## 🔍 Find Something to Work On
 
-### Find a good first topic
+Ready to dive into the action? There are several ways to contribute:
 
-[go-zero](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero) has beginner-friendly issues that provide a good first issue.
-For example, [go-zero](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero) has
-[help wanted](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22) and
-[good first issue](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22)
-labels for issues that should not need deep knowledge of the system.
-We can help new contributors who wish to work on such issues.
+### 💼 Find a Good First Topic
 
-Another good way to contribute is to find a documentation improvement, such as a missing/broken link.
-Please see [Contributing](#contributing) below for the workflow.
+Discover easy-entry issues labeled as [help wanted](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22help+wanted%22) or [good first issue](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22). These issues are perfect for newcomers and don't require deep knowledge of the system. We're here to assist you with these tasks.
 
-#### Work on an issue
+### 🪄 Work on an Issue
 
-When you are willing to take on an issue, just reply on the issue. The maintainer will assign it to you.
+Once you've picked an issue that excites you, let us know by commenting on it. Our maintainers will assign it to you, and you can embark on your mission!
 
-### File an Issue
+### 📢 File an Issue
 
-While we encourage everyone to contribute code, it is also appreciated when someone reports an issue.
+Reporting an issue is just as valuable as code contributions. If you discover a problem, don't hesitate to [open an issue](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/issues/new/choose). Be sure to follow our guidelines when submitting an issue.
 
-Please follow the prompted submission guidelines while opening an issue.
+## 🎯 Contributor Workflow
 
-# Contributor Workflow
+Here's a rough guide to your contributor journey:
 
-Please do not ever hesitate to ask a question or send a pull request.
+1. 🌱 Create a New Branch: Start by creating a topic branch, usually based on the 'master' branch. This is where your contribution will grow.
 
-This is a rough outline of what a contributor's workflow looks like:
+2. 💡 Make Commits: Commit your work in logical units. Each commit should tell a story.
 
-- Create a topic branch from where to base the contribution. This is usually master.
-- Make commits of logical units.
-- Push changes in a topic branch to a personal fork of the repository.
-- Submit a pull request to [go-zero](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero).
+3. 🚀 Push Changes: Push the changes in your topic branch to your personal fork of the repository.
 
-## Creating Pull Requests
+4. 📦 Submit a Pull Request: When your creation is complete, submit a Pull Request to the [go-zero repository](https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero).
 
-Pull requests are often called simply "PR".
-go-zero generally follows the standard [github pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) process.
-To submit a proposed change, please develop the code/fix and add new test cases.
-After that, run these local verifications before submitting pull request to predict the pass or
-fail of continuous integration.
+## 🌠 Creating Pull Requests
 
-* Format the code with `gofmt`
-* Run the test with data race enabled `go test -race ./...`
+Pull Requests (PRs) are your way of making a grand entrance with your contribution. Here's how to do it:
 
-## Code Review
+- 💼 Format Your Code: Ensure your code is beautifully formatted with `gofmt`.
+- 🏃 Run Tests: Verify that your changes pass all the tests, including data race tests. Run `go test -race ./...` for the ultimate validation.
 
-To make it easier for your PR to receive reviews, consider the reviewers will need you to:
+## 👁️‍🗨️ Code Review
 
-* follow [good coding guidelines](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments).
-* write [good commit messages](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/).
-* break large changes into a logical series of smaller patches which individually make easily understandable changes, and in aggregate solve a broader issue.
+Getting your PR reviewed is the final step before your contribution becomes part of go-zero's magical world. To make the process smooth, keep these things in mind:
 
+- 🧙‍♀️ Follow Good Coding Practices: Stick to [good coding guidelines](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments).
+- 📝 Write Awesome Commit Messages: Craft [impressive commit messages](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/) - they're like spells in the wizard's book!
+- 🔍 Break It Down: For larger changes, consider breaking them into a series of smaller, logical patches. Each patch should make an understandable and meaningful improvement.
+
+Congratulations on your contribution journey! We're thrilled to have you as part of our go-zero community. Let's make amazing things together! 🌟
+
+Now, go out there and start your adventure! If you have any more magical ideas to enhance this guide, please share them. 🔥

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# go-zero Roadmap
-
-This document defines a high level roadmap for go-zero development and upcoming releases.
-Community and contributor involvement is vital for successfully implementing all desired items for each release.
-We hope that the items listed below will inspire further engagement from the community to keep go-zero progressing and shipping exciting and valuable features.
-
-## 2021 Q2
-- [x] Support service discovery through K8S client api
-- [x] Log full sql statements for easier sql problem solving
-
-## 2021 Q3
-- [x] Support `goctl model pg` to support PostgreSQL code generation
-- [x] Adapt builtin tracing mechanism to opentracing solutions
-
-## 2021 Q4
-- [x] Support `username/password` authentication in ETCD
-- [x] Support `SSL/TLS` in ETCD
-- [x] Support `SSL/TLS` in `zRPC`
-- [x] Support `TLS` in redis connections
-- [x] Support `goctl bug` to report bugs conveniently
-
-## 2022
-- [x] Support `context` in redis related methods for timeout and tracing
-- [x] Support `context` in sql related methods for timeout and tracing
-- [ ] Support `context` in mongodb related methods for timeout and tracing
-- [x] Add `httpc.Do` with HTTP call governance, like circuit breaker etc.
-- [ ] Support `goctl doctor` command to report potential issues for given service
-- [ ] Support `goctl mock` command to start a mocking server with given `.api` file

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+We publish releases monthly.
+
+| Version  | Supported          |
+| -------  | ------------------ |
+| >= 1.4.4 | :white_check_mark: |
+| < 1.4.4  | :x:                |
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+https://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/security/advisories
+
+Accepted vulnerabilities are expected to be fixed within a month.

code-of-conduct.md

@@ -1,76 +1,127 @@
+
 # Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
 
 ## Our Pledge
 
-In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
-contributors and maintainers pledge to make participation in our project and
-our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
-size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression,
-level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal
-appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual
+identity and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
 
 ## Our Standards
 
-Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
-include:
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
 
-* Using welcoming and inclusive language
-* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
-* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
-* Focusing on what is best for the community
-* Showing empathy towards other community members
+* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+  and learning from the experience
+* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall
+  community
 
-Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
 
-* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
-  advances
-* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of
+  any kind
+* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
 * Public or private harassment
-* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
-  address, without explicit permission
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address,
+  without their explicit permission
 * Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
   professional setting
 
-## Our Responsibilities
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
 
-Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
-behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
-response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
 
-Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or
-reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
-that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or
-permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate,
-threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
 
 ## Scope
 
-This Code of Conduct applies within all project spaces, and it also applies when
-an individual is representing the project or its community in public spaces.
-Examples of representing a project or community include using an official
-project e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting
-as an appointed representative at an online or offline event. Representation of
-a project may be further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
 
 ## Enforcement
 
 Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
-reported by contacting the project team at [INSERT EMAIL ADDRESS]. All
-complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that
-is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is
-obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident.
-Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+[INSERT CONTACT METHOD].
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
 
-Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good
-faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other
-members of the project's leadership.
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of
+actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent
+ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the
+community.
 
 ## Attribution
 
-This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4,
-available at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.1, available at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
 
-[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by
+[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][Mozilla CoC].
 
-For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see
-https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][FAQ]. Translations are available at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].

core/bloom/bloom.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package bloom
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	_ "embed"
 	"errors"
 	"strconv"
 
@@ -8,27 +10,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stores/redis"
 )
 
-const (
-	// for detailed error rate table, see http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~cao/papers/summary-cache/node8.html
-	// maps as k in the error rate table
-	maps      = 14
-	setScript = `
-for _, offset in ipairs(ARGV) do
-	redis.call("setbit", KEYS[1], offset, 1)
-end
-`
-	testScript = `
-for _, offset in ipairs(ARGV) do
-	if tonumber(redis.call("getbit", KEYS[1], offset)) == 0 then
-		return false
-	end
-end
-return true
-`
-)
+// for detailed error rate table, see http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~cao/papers/summary-cache/node8.html
+// maps as k in the error rate table
+const maps = 14
 
-// ErrTooLargeOffset indicates the offset is too large in bitset.
-var ErrTooLargeOffset = errors.New("too large offset")
+var (
+	// ErrTooLargeOffset indicates the offset is too large in bitset.
+	ErrTooLargeOffset = errors.New("too large offset")
+
+	//go:embed setscript.lua
+	setLuaScript string
+	setScript    = redis.NewScript(setLuaScript)
+
+	//go:embed testscript.lua
+	testLuaScript string
+	testScript    = redis.NewScript(testLuaScript)
+)
 
 type (
 	// A Filter is a bloom filter.
@@ -38,8 +35,8 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	bitSetProvider interface {
-		check([]uint) (bool, error)
-		set([]uint) error
+		check(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) (bool, error)
+		set(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) error
 	}
 )
 
@@ -58,22 +55,29 @@ func New(store *redis.Redis, key string, bits uint) *Filter {
 
 // Add adds data into f.
 func (f *Filter) Add(data []byte) error {
+	return f.AddCtx(context.Background(), data)
+}
+
+// AddCtx adds data into f with context.
+func (f *Filter) AddCtx(ctx context.Context, data []byte) error {
 	locations := f.getLocations(data)
-	return f.bitSet.set(locations)
+	return f.bitSet.set(ctx, locations)
 }
 
 // Exists checks if data is in f.
 func (f *Filter) Exists(data []byte) (bool, error) {
+	return f.ExistsCtx(context.Background(), data)
+}
+
+// ExistsCtx checks if data is in f with context.
+func (f *Filter) ExistsCtx(ctx context.Context, data []byte) (bool, error) {
 	locations := f.getLocations(data)
-	isSet, err := f.bitSet.check(locations)
+	isSet, err := f.bitSet.check(ctx, locations)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	if !isSet {
-		return false, nil
-	}
 
-	return true, nil
+	return isSet, nil
 }
 
 func (f *Filter) getLocations(data []byte) []uint {
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ func newRedisBitSet(store *redis.Redis, key string, bits uint) *redisBitSet {
 }
 
 func (r *redisBitSet) buildOffsetArgs(offsets []uint) ([]string, error) {
-	var args []string
+	args := make([]string, 0, len(offsets))
 
 	for _, offset := range offsets {
 		if offset >= r.bits {
@@ -114,14 +118,14 @@ func (r *redisBitSet) buildOffsetArgs(offsets []uint) ([]string, error) {
 	return args, nil
 }
 
-func (r *redisBitSet) check(offsets []uint) (bool, error) {
+func (r *redisBitSet) check(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) (bool, error) {
 	args, err := r.buildOffsetArgs(offsets)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	resp, err := r.store.Eval(testScript, []string{r.key}, args)
-	if err == redis.Nil {
+	resp, err := r.store.ScriptRunCtx(ctx, testScript, []string{r.key}, args)
+	if errors.Is(err, redis.Nil) {
 		return false, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return false, err
@@ -135,23 +139,25 @@ func (r *redisBitSet) check(offsets []uint) (bool, error) {
 	return exists == 1, nil
 }
 
+// del only use for testing.
 func (r *redisBitSet) del() error {
 	_, err := r.store.Del(r.key)
 	return err
 }
 
+// expire only use for testing.
 func (r *redisBitSet) expire(seconds int) error {
 	return r.store.Expire(r.key, seconds)
 }
 
-func (r *redisBitSet) set(offsets []uint) error {
+func (r *redisBitSet) set(ctx context.Context, offsets []uint) error {
 	args, err := r.buildOffsetArgs(offsets)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	_, err = r.store.Eval(setScript, []string{r.key}, args)
-	if err == redis.Nil {
+	_, err = r.store.ScriptRunCtx(ctx, setScript, []string{r.key}, args)
+	if errors.Is(err, redis.Nil) {
 		return nil
 	}
 

core/bloom/bloom_test.go

@@ -1,30 +1,31 @@
 package bloom
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stores/redis/redistest"
 )
 
 func TestRedisBitSet_New_Set_Test(t *testing.T) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	bitSet := newRedisBitSet(store, "test_key", 1024)
-	isSetBefore, err := bitSet.check([]uint{0})
+	isSetBefore, err := bitSet.check(ctx, []uint{0})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if isSetBefore {
 		t.Fatal("Bit should not be set")
 	}
-	err = bitSet.set([]uint{512})
+	err = bitSet.set(ctx, []uint{512})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	isSetAfter, err := bitSet.check([]uint{512})
+	isSetAfter, err := bitSet.check(ctx, []uint{512})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -42,9 +43,7 @@ func TestRedisBitSet_New_Set_Test(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRedisBitSet_Add(t *testing.T) {
-	store, clean, err := redistest.CreateRedis()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	defer clean()
+	store := redistest.CreateRedis(t)
 
 	filter := New(store, "test_key", 64)
 	assert.Nil(t, filter.Add([]byte("hello")))
@@ -53,3 +52,51 @@ func TestRedisBitSet_Add(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 }
+
+func TestFilter_Exists(t *testing.T) {
+	store, clean := redistest.CreateRedisWithClean(t)
+
+	rbs := New(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err := rbs.Exists([]byte{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	clean()
+	rbs = New(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err = rbs.Exists([]byte{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRedisBitSet_check(t *testing.T) {
+	store, clean := redistest.CreateRedisWithClean(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rbs := newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 0)
+	assert.Error(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+	_, err := rbs.check(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err = rbs.check(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	clean()
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	_, err = rbs.check(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRedisBitSet_set(t *testing.T) {
+	logx.Disable()
+	store, clean := redistest.CreateRedisWithClean(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rbs := newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 0)
+	assert.Error(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	assert.NoError(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+
+	clean()
+	rbs = newRedisBitSet(store, "test", 64)
+	assert.Error(t, rbs.set(ctx, []uint{0, 1, 2}))
+}

core/bloom/setscript.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for _, offset in ipairs(ARGV) do
+    redis.call("setbit", KEYS[1], offset, 1)
+end

core/bloom/testscript.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+for _, offset in ipairs(ARGV) do
+    if tonumber(redis.call("getbit", KEYS[1], offset)) == 0 then
+        return false
+    end
+end
+return true

core/breaker/breaker.go

@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
 package breaker
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mathx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stat"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/timex"
 )
 
-const (
-	numHistoryReasons = 5
-	timeFormat        = "15:04:05"
-)
+const numHistoryReasons = 5
 
 // ErrServiceUnavailable is returned when the Breaker state is open.
 var ErrServiceUnavailable = errors.New("circuit breaker is open")
@@ -31,38 +28,53 @@ type (
 		Name() string
 
 		// Allow checks if the request is allowed.
-		// If allowed, a promise will be returned, the caller needs to call promise.Accept()
-		// on success, or call promise.Reject() on failure.
-		// If not allow, ErrServiceUnavailable will be returned.
+		// If allowed, a promise will be returned,
+		// otherwise ErrServiceUnavailable will be returned as the error.
+		// The caller needs to call promise.Accept() on success,
+		// or call promise.Reject() on failure.
 		Allow() (Promise, error)
+		// AllowCtx checks if the request is allowed when ctx isn't done.
+		AllowCtx(ctx context.Context) (Promise, error)
 
 		// Do runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it.
 		// Do returns an error instantly if the Breaker rejects the request.
 		// If a panic occurs in the request, the Breaker handles it as an error
 		// and causes the same panic again.
 		Do(req func() error) error
+		// DoCtx runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it when ctx isn't done.
+		DoCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error) error
 
 		// DoWithAcceptable runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it.
 		// DoWithAcceptable returns an error instantly if the Breaker rejects the request.
 		// If a panic occurs in the request, the Breaker handles it as an error
 		// and causes the same panic again.
-		// acceptable checks if it's a successful call, even if the err is not nil.
+		// acceptable checks if it's a successful call, even if the error is not nil.
 		DoWithAcceptable(req func() error, acceptable Acceptable) error
+		// DoWithAcceptableCtx runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it when ctx isn't done.
+		DoWithAcceptableCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error, acceptable Acceptable) error
 
 		// DoWithFallback runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it.
 		// DoWithFallback runs the fallback if the Breaker rejects the request.
 		// If a panic occurs in the request, the Breaker handles it as an error
 		// and causes the same panic again.
-		DoWithFallback(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error) error
+		DoWithFallback(req func() error, fallback Fallback) error
+		// DoWithFallbackCtx runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it when ctx isn't done.
+		DoWithFallbackCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error, fallback Fallback) error
 
 		// DoWithFallbackAcceptable runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it.
 		// DoWithFallbackAcceptable runs the fallback if the Breaker rejects the request.
 		// If a panic occurs in the request, the Breaker handles it as an error
 		// and causes the same panic again.
-		// acceptable checks if it's a successful call, even if the err is not nil.
-		DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error, acceptable Acceptable) error
+		// acceptable checks if it's a successful call, even if the error is not nil.
+		DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req func() error, fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error
+		// DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx runs the given request if the Breaker accepts it when ctx isn't done.
+		DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error, fallback Fallback,
+			acceptable Acceptable) error
 	}
 
+	// Fallback is the func to be called if the request is rejected.
+	Fallback func(err error) error
+
 	// Option defines the method to customize a Breaker.
 	Option func(breaker *circuitBreaker)
 
@@ -86,12 +98,12 @@ type (
 
 	internalThrottle interface {
 		allow() (internalPromise, error)
-		doReq(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error, acceptable Acceptable) error
+		doReq(req func() error, fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error
 	}
 
 	throttle interface {
 		allow() (Promise, error)
-		doReq(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error, acceptable Acceptable) error
+		doReq(req func() error, fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error
 	}
 )
 
@@ -114,23 +126,71 @@ func (cb *circuitBreaker) Allow() (Promise, error) {
 	return cb.throttle.allow()
 }
 
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) AllowCtx(ctx context.Context) (Promise, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+		return cb.Allow()
+	}
+}
+
 func (cb *circuitBreaker) Do(req func() error) error {
 	return cb.throttle.doReq(req, nil, defaultAcceptable)
 }
 
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error) error {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	default:
+		return cb.Do(req)
+	}
+}
+
 func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithAcceptable(req func() error, acceptable Acceptable) error {
 	return cb.throttle.doReq(req, nil, acceptable)
 }
 
-func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithFallback(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error) error {
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithAcceptableCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error,
+	acceptable Acceptable) error {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	default:
+		return cb.DoWithAcceptable(req, acceptable)
+	}
+}
+
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithFallback(req func() error, fallback Fallback) error {
 	return cb.throttle.doReq(req, fallback, defaultAcceptable)
 }
 
-func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error,
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithFallbackCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error,
+	fallback Fallback) error {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	default:
+		return cb.DoWithFallback(req, fallback)
+	}
+}
+
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req func() error, fallback Fallback,
 	acceptable Acceptable) error {
 	return cb.throttle.doReq(req, fallback, acceptable)
 }
 
+func (cb *circuitBreaker) DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(ctx context.Context, req func() error,
+	fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	default:
+		return cb.DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req, fallback, acceptable)
+	}
+}
+
 func (cb *circuitBreaker) Name() string {
 	return cb.name
 }
@@ -168,7 +228,7 @@ func (lt loggedThrottle) allow() (Promise, error) {
 	}, lt.logError(err)
 }
 
-func (lt loggedThrottle) doReq(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error, acceptable Acceptable) error {
+func (lt loggedThrottle) doReq(req func() error, fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error {
 	return lt.logError(lt.internalThrottle.doReq(req, fallback, func(err error) bool {
 		accept := acceptable(err)
 		if !accept && err != nil {
@@ -179,7 +239,7 @@ func (lt loggedThrottle) doReq(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error,
 }
 
 func (lt loggedThrottle) logError(err error) error {
-	if err == ErrServiceUnavailable {
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrServiceUnavailable) {
 		// if circuit open, not possible to have empty error window
 		stat.Report(fmt.Sprintf(
 			"proc(%s/%d), callee: %s, breaker is open and requests dropped\nlast errors:\n%s",
@@ -198,14 +258,14 @@ type errorWindow struct {
 
 func (ew *errorWindow) add(reason string) {
 	ew.lock.Lock()
-	ew.reasons[ew.index] = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", timex.Time().Format(timeFormat), reason)
+	ew.reasons[ew.index] = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", time.Now().Format(time.TimeOnly), reason)
 	ew.index = (ew.index + 1) % numHistoryReasons
-	ew.count = mathx.MinInt(ew.count+1, numHistoryReasons)
+	ew.count = min(ew.count+1, numHistoryReasons)
 	ew.lock.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (ew *errorWindow) String() string {
-	var reasons []string
+	reasons := make([]string, 0, ew.count)
 
 	ew.lock.Lock()
 	// reverse order

core/breaker/breaker_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package breaker
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stat"
@@ -16,10 +18,274 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func TestCircuitBreaker_Allow(t *testing.T) {
-	b := NewBreaker()
-	assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
-	_, err := b.Allow()
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	t.Run("allow", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		_, err := b.Allow()
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("allow with ctx", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		_, err := b.AllowCtx(context.Background())
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("allow with ctx timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Microsecond)
+		defer cancel()
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		_, err := b.AllowCtx(ctx)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("allow with ctx cancel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+			cancel()
+			_, err := b.AllowCtx(ctx)
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+		}
+		_, err := b.AllowCtx(context.Background())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCircuitBreaker_Do(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("do", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.Do(func() error {
+			return nil
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("do with ctx", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("do with ctx timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Microsecond)
+		defer cancel()
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		err := b.DoCtx(ctx, func() error {
+			return nil
+		})
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("do with ctx cancel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+			cancel()
+			err := b.DoCtx(ctx, func() error {
+				return nil
+			})
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, b.DoCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCircuitBreaker_DoWithAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("doWithAcceptable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoWithAcceptable(func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithAcceptable with ctx", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoWithAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithAcceptable with ctx timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Microsecond)
+		defer cancel()
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		err := b.DoWithAcceptableCtx(ctx, func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		})
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithAcceptable with ctx cancel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+			cancel()
+			err := b.DoWithAcceptableCtx(ctx, func() error {
+				return nil
+			}, func(err error) bool {
+				return true
+			})
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, b.DoWithAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		}))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCircuitBreaker_DoWithFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("doWithFallback", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoWithFallback(func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithFallback with ctx", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoWithFallbackCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithFallback with ctx timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Microsecond)
+		defer cancel()
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		err := b.DoWithFallbackCtx(ctx, func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		})
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithFallback with ctx cancel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+			cancel()
+			err := b.DoWithFallbackCtx(ctx, func() error {
+				return nil
+			}, func(err error) error {
+				return err
+			})
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, b.DoWithFallbackCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		}))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCircuitBreaker_DoWithFallbackAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("doWithFallbackAcceptable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoWithFallbackAcceptable(func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithFallbackAcceptable with ctx", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		err := b.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		})
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithFallbackAcceptable with ctx timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Microsecond)
+		defer cancel()
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+		err := b.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(ctx, func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		})
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("doWithFallbackAcceptable with ctx cancel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := NewBreaker()
+		assert.True(t, len(b.Name()) > 0)
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+			cancel()
+			err := b.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(ctx, func() error {
+				return nil
+			}, func(err error) error {
+				return err
+			}, func(err error) bool {
+				return true
+			})
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, b.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return err
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		}))
+	})
 }
 
 func TestLogReason(t *testing.T) {

core/breaker/breakers.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package breaker
 
-import "sync"
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+)
 
 var (
 	lock     sync.RWMutex
@@ -14,6 +17,13 @@ func Do(name string, req func() error) error {
 	})
 }
 
+// DoCtx calls Breaker.DoCtx on the Breaker with given name.
+func DoCtx(ctx context.Context, name string, req func() error) error {
+	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
+		return b.DoCtx(ctx, req)
+	})
+}
+
 // DoWithAcceptable calls Breaker.DoWithAcceptable on the Breaker with given name.
 func DoWithAcceptable(name string, req func() error, acceptable Acceptable) error {
 	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
@@ -21,21 +31,44 @@ func DoWithAcceptable(name string, req func() error, acceptable Acceptable) erro
 	})
 }
 
+// DoWithAcceptableCtx calls Breaker.DoWithAcceptableCtx on the Breaker with given name.
+func DoWithAcceptableCtx(ctx context.Context, name string, req func() error,
+	acceptable Acceptable) error {
+	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
+		return b.DoWithAcceptableCtx(ctx, req, acceptable)
+	})
+}
+
 // DoWithFallback calls Breaker.DoWithFallback on the Breaker with given name.
-func DoWithFallback(name string, req func() error, fallback func(err error) error) error {
+func DoWithFallback(name string, req func() error, fallback Fallback) error {
 	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
 		return b.DoWithFallback(req, fallback)
 	})
 }
 
+// DoWithFallbackCtx calls Breaker.DoWithFallbackCtx on the Breaker with given name.
+func DoWithFallbackCtx(ctx context.Context, name string, req func() error, fallback Fallback) error {
+	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
+		return b.DoWithFallbackCtx(ctx, req, fallback)
+	})
+}
+
 // DoWithFallbackAcceptable calls Breaker.DoWithFallbackAcceptable on the Breaker with given name.
-func DoWithFallbackAcceptable(name string, req func() error, fallback func(err error) error,
+func DoWithFallbackAcceptable(name string, req func() error, fallback Fallback,
 	acceptable Acceptable) error {
 	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
 		return b.DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req, fallback, acceptable)
 	})
 }
 
+// DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx calls Breaker.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx on the Breaker with given name.
+func DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(ctx context.Context, name string, req func() error,
+	fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error {
+	return do(name, func(b Breaker) error {
+		return b.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(ctx, req, fallback, acceptable)
+	})
+}
+
 // GetBreaker returns the Breaker with the given name.
 func GetBreaker(name string) Breaker {
 	lock.RLock()
@@ -59,7 +92,7 @@ func GetBreaker(name string) Breaker {
 // NoBreakerFor disables the circuit breaker for the given name.
 func NoBreakerFor(name string) {
 	lock.Lock()
-	breakers[name] = newNoOpBreaker()
+	breakers[name] = NopBreaker()
 	lock.Unlock()
 }
 

core/breaker/breakers_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package breaker
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
@@ -22,6 +23,9 @@ func TestBreakersDo(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, errDummy, Do("any", func() error {
 		return errDummy
 	}))
+	assert.Equal(t, errDummy, DoCtx(context.Background(), "any", func() error {
+		return errDummy
+	}))
 }
 
 func TestBreakersDoWithAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ func TestBreakersDoWithAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, errDummy, GetBreaker("anyone").DoWithAcceptable(func() error {
 			return errDummy
 		}, func(err error) bool {
-			return err == nil || err == errDummy
+			return err == nil || errors.Is(err, errDummy)
 		}))
 	}
 	verify(t, func() bool {
@@ -38,6 +42,13 @@ func TestBreakersDoWithAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		}) == nil
 	})
+	verify(t, func() bool {
+		return DoWithAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), "anyone", func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return true
+		}) == nil
+	})
 
 	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
 		err := DoWithAcceptable("another", func() error {
@@ -45,12 +56,12 @@ func TestBreakersDoWithAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
 		}, func(err error) bool {
 			return err == nil
 		})
-		assert.True(t, err == errDummy || err == ErrServiceUnavailable)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, errDummy) || errors.Is(err, ErrServiceUnavailable))
 	}
 	verify(t, func() bool {
-		return ErrServiceUnavailable == Do("another", func() error {
+		return errors.Is(Do("another", func() error {
 			return nil
-		})
+		}), ErrServiceUnavailable)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -75,18 +86,24 @@ func TestBreakersFallback(t *testing.T) {
 		}, func(err error) error {
 			return nil
 		})
-		assert.True(t, err == nil || err == errDummy)
-	}
-	verify(t, func() bool {
-		return ErrServiceUnavailable == Do("fallback", func() error {
+		assert.True(t, err == nil || errors.Is(err, errDummy))
+		err = DoWithFallbackCtx(context.Background(), "fallback", func() error {
+			return errDummy
+		}, func(err error) error {
 			return nil
 		})
+		assert.True(t, err == nil || errors.Is(err, errDummy))
+	}
+	verify(t, func() bool {
+		return errors.Is(Do("fallback", func() error {
+			return nil
+		}), ErrServiceUnavailable)
 	})
 }
 
 func TestBreakersAcceptableFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	errDummy := errors.New("any")
-	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
+	for i := 0; i < 5000; i++ {
 		err := DoWithFallbackAcceptable("acceptablefallback", func() error {
 			return errDummy
 		}, func(err error) error {
@@ -94,12 +111,20 @@ func TestBreakersAcceptableFallback(t *testing.T) {
 		}, func(err error) bool {
 			return err == nil
 		})
-		assert.True(t, err == nil || err == errDummy)
+		assert.True(t, err == nil || errors.Is(err, errDummy))
+		err = DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), "acceptablefallback", func() error {
+			return errDummy
+		}, func(err error) error {
+			return nil
+		}, func(err error) bool {
+			return err == nil
+		})
+		assert.True(t, err == nil || errors.Is(err, errDummy))
 	}
 	verify(t, func() bool {
-		return ErrServiceUnavailable == Do("acceptablefallback", func() error {
+		return errors.Is(Do("acceptablefallback", func() error {
 			return nil
-		})
+		}), ErrServiceUnavailable)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -110,5 +135,5 @@ func verify(t *testing.T, fn func() bool) {
 			count++
 		}
 	}
-	assert.True(t, count >= 80, fmt.Sprintf("should be greater than 80, actual %d", count))
+	assert.True(t, count >= 75, fmt.Sprintf("should be greater than 75, actual %d", count))
 }

core/breaker/bucket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package breaker
+
+const (
+	success = iota
+	fail
+	drop
+)
+
+// bucket defines the bucket that holds sum and num of additions.
+type bucket struct {
+	Sum     int64
+	Success int64
+	Failure int64
+	Drop    int64
+}
+
+func (b *bucket) Add(v int64) {
+	switch v {
+	case fail:
+		b.fail()
+	case drop:
+		b.drop()
+	default:
+		b.succeed()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *bucket) Reset() {
+	b.Sum = 0
+	b.Success = 0
+	b.Failure = 0
+	b.Drop = 0
+}
+
+func (b *bucket) drop() {
+	b.Sum++
+	b.Drop++
+}
+
+func (b *bucket) fail() {
+	b.Sum++
+	b.Failure++
+}
+
+func (b *bucket) succeed() {
+	b.Sum++
+	b.Success++
+}

core/breaker/bucket_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package breaker
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestBucketAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &bucket{}
+
+	// Test succeed
+	b.Add(0) // Using 0 for success
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.Sum, "Sum should be incremented")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.Success, "Success should be incremented")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Failure, "Failure should not be incremented")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Drop, "Drop should not be incremented")
+
+	// Test failure
+	b.Add(fail)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), b.Sum, "Sum should be incremented")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.Failure, "Failure should be incremented")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Drop, "Drop should not be incremented")
+
+	// Test drop
+	b.Add(drop)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(3), b.Sum, "Sum should be incremented")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.Drop, "Drop should be incremented")
+}
+
+func TestBucketReset(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &bucket{
+		Sum:     3,
+		Success: 1,
+		Failure: 1,
+		Drop:    1,
+	}
+	b.Reset()
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Sum, "Sum should be reset to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Success, "Success should be reset to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Failure, "Failure should be reset to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.Drop, "Drop should be reset to 0")
+}

core/breaker/googlebreaker.go

@@ -1,57 +1,87 @@
 package breaker
 
 import (
-	"math"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/collection"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mathx"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/syncx"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/timex"
 )
 
 const (
 	// 250ms for bucket duration
-	window     = time.Second * 10
-	buckets    = 40
-	k          = 1.5
-	protection = 5
+	window            = time.Second * 10
+	buckets           = 40
+	forcePassDuration = time.Second
+	k                 = 1.5
+	minK              = 1.1
+	protection        = 5
 )
 
 // googleBreaker is a netflixBreaker pattern from google.
 // see Client-Side Throttling section in https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/handling-overload/
-type googleBreaker struct {
-	k     float64
-	stat  *collection.RollingWindow
-	proba *mathx.Proba
-}
+type (
+	googleBreaker struct {
+		k        float64
+		stat     *collection.RollingWindow[int64, *bucket]
+		proba    *mathx.Proba
+		lastPass *syncx.AtomicDuration
+	}
+
+	windowResult struct {
+		accepts        int64
+		total          int64
+		failingBuckets int64
+		workingBuckets int64
+	}
+)
 
 func newGoogleBreaker() *googleBreaker {
 	bucketDuration := time.Duration(int64(window) / int64(buckets))
-	st := collection.NewRollingWindow(buckets, bucketDuration)
+	st := collection.NewRollingWindow[int64, *bucket](func() *bucket {
+		return new(bucket)
+	}, buckets, bucketDuration)
 	return &googleBreaker{
-		stat:  st,
-		k:     k,
-		proba: mathx.NewProba(),
+		stat:     st,
+		k:        k,
+		proba:    mathx.NewProba(),
+		lastPass: syncx.NewAtomicDuration(),
 	}
 }
 
 func (b *googleBreaker) accept() error {
-	accepts, total := b.history()
-	weightedAccepts := b.k * float64(accepts)
+	var w float64
+	history := b.history()
+	w = b.k - (b.k-minK)*float64(history.failingBuckets)/buckets
+	weightedAccepts := mathx.AtLeast(w, minK) * float64(history.accepts)
 	// https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/handling-overload/#eq2101
-	dropRatio := math.Max(0, (float64(total-protection)-weightedAccepts)/float64(total+1))
+	// for better performance, no need to care about the negative ratio
+	dropRatio := (float64(history.total-protection) - weightedAccepts) / float64(history.total+1)
 	if dropRatio <= 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	lastPass := b.lastPass.Load()
+	if lastPass > 0 && timex.Since(lastPass) > forcePassDuration {
+		b.lastPass.Set(timex.Now())
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	dropRatio *= float64(buckets-history.workingBuckets) / buckets
+
 	if b.proba.TrueOnProba(dropRatio) {
 		return ErrServiceUnavailable
 	}
 
+	b.lastPass.Set(timex.Now())
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (b *googleBreaker) allow() (internalPromise, error) {
 	if err := b.accept(); err != nil {
+		b.markDrop()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -60,8 +90,9 @@ func (b *googleBreaker) allow() (internalPromise, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (b *googleBreaker) doReq(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error, acceptable Acceptable) error {
+func (b *googleBreaker) doReq(req func() error, fallback Fallback, acceptable Acceptable) error {
 	if err := b.accept(); err != nil {
+		b.markDrop()
 		if fallback != nil {
 			return fallback(err)
 		}
@@ -69,38 +100,55 @@ func (b *googleBreaker) doReq(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error,
 		return err
 	}
 
+	var succ bool
 	defer func() {
-		if e := recover(); e != nil {
+		// if req() panic, success is false, mark as failure
+		if succ {
+			b.markSuccess()
+		} else {
 			b.markFailure()
-			panic(e)
 		}
 	}()
 
 	err := req()
 	if acceptable(err) {
-		b.markSuccess()
-	} else {
-		b.markFailure()
+		succ = true
 	}
 
 	return err
 }
 
-func (b *googleBreaker) markSuccess() {
-	b.stat.Add(1)
+func (b *googleBreaker) markDrop() {
+	b.stat.Add(drop)
 }
 
 func (b *googleBreaker) markFailure() {
-	b.stat.Add(0)
+	b.stat.Add(fail)
 }
 
-func (b *googleBreaker) history() (accepts, total int64) {
-	b.stat.Reduce(func(b *collection.Bucket) {
-		accepts += int64(b.Sum)
-		total += b.Count
+func (b *googleBreaker) markSuccess() {
+	b.stat.Add(success)
+}
+
+func (b *googleBreaker) history() windowResult {
+	var result windowResult
+
+	b.stat.Reduce(func(b *bucket) {
+		result.accepts += b.Success
+		result.total += b.Sum
+		if b.Failure > 0 {
+			result.workingBuckets = 0
+		} else if b.Success > 0 {
+			result.workingBuckets++
+		}
+		if b.Success > 0 {
+			result.failingBuckets = 0
+		} else if b.Failure > 0 {
+			result.failingBuckets++
+		}
 	})
 
-	return
+	return result
 }
 
 type googlePromise struct {

core/breaker/googlebreaker_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/collection"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mathx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stat"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/syncx"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -22,11 +23,14 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func getGoogleBreaker() *googleBreaker {
-	st := collection.NewRollingWindow(testBuckets, testInterval)
+	st := collection.NewRollingWindow[int64, *bucket](func() *bucket {
+		return new(bucket)
+	}, testBuckets, testInterval)
 	return &googleBreaker{
-		stat:  st,
-		k:     5,
-		proba: mathx.NewProba(),
+		stat:     st,
+		k:        5,
+		proba:    mathx.NewProba(),
+		lastPass: syncx.NewAtomicDuration(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -63,6 +67,33 @@ func TestGoogleBreakerOpen(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestGoogleBreakerRecover(t *testing.T) {
+	st := collection.NewRollingWindow[int64, *bucket](func() *bucket {
+		return new(bucket)
+	}, testBuckets*2, testInterval)
+	b := &googleBreaker{
+		stat:     st,
+		k:        k,
+		proba:    mathx.NewProba(),
+		lastPass: syncx.NewAtomicDuration(),
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < testBuckets; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
+			b.stat.Add(1)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(testInterval)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < testBuckets; i++ {
+		for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
+			b.stat.Add(0)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(testInterval)
+	}
+	verify(t, func() bool {
+		return b.accept() == nil
+	})
+}
+
 func TestGoogleBreakerFallback(t *testing.T) {
 	b := getGoogleBreaker()
 	markSuccess(b, 1)
@@ -89,13 +120,50 @@ func TestGoogleBreakerReject(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil, defaultAcceptable))
 }
 
+func TestGoogleBreakerMoreFallingBuckets(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	t.Run("more falling buckets", func(t *testing.T) {
+		b := getGoogleBreaker()
+
+		func() {
+			stopChan := time.After(testInterval * 6)
+			for {
+				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+				select {
+				case <-stopChan:
+					return
+				default:
+					assert.Error(t, b.doReq(func() error {
+						return errors.New("foo")
+					}, func(err error) error {
+						return err
+					}, func(err error) bool {
+						return err == nil
+					}))
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		var count int
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			if errors.Is(b.doReq(func() error {
+				return ErrServiceUnavailable
+			}, nil, defaultAcceptable), ErrServiceUnavailable) {
+				count++
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, count > 90)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestGoogleBreakerAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
 	b := getGoogleBreaker()
 	errAcceptable := errors.New("any")
 	assert.Equal(t, errAcceptable, b.doReq(func() error {
 		return errAcceptable
 	}, nil, func(err error) bool {
-		return err == errAcceptable
+		return errors.Is(err, errAcceptable)
 	}))
 }
 
@@ -105,7 +173,7 @@ func TestGoogleBreakerNotAcceptable(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, errAcceptable, b.doReq(func() error {
 		return errAcceptable
 	}, nil, func(err error) bool {
-		return err != errAcceptable
+		return !errors.Is(err, errAcceptable)
 	}))
 }
 
@@ -164,41 +232,38 @@ func TestGoogleBreakerSelfProtection(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGoogleBreakerHistory(t *testing.T) {
-	var b *googleBreaker
-	var accepts, total int64
-
 	sleep := testInterval
 	t.Run("accepts == total", func(t *testing.T) {
-		b = getGoogleBreaker()
+		b := getGoogleBreaker()
 		markSuccessWithDuration(b, 10, sleep/2)
-		accepts, total = b.history()
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), accepts)
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), total)
+		result := b.history()
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), result.accepts)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), result.total)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("fail == total", func(t *testing.T) {
-		b = getGoogleBreaker()
+		b := getGoogleBreaker()
 		markFailedWithDuration(b, 10, sleep/2)
-		accepts, total = b.history()
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), accepts)
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), total)
+		result := b.history()
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), result.accepts)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), result.total)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("accepts = 1/2 * total, fail = 1/2 * total", func(t *testing.T) {
-		b = getGoogleBreaker()
+		b := getGoogleBreaker()
 		markFailedWithDuration(b, 5, sleep/2)
 		markSuccessWithDuration(b, 5, sleep/2)
-		accepts, total = b.history()
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(5), accepts)
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), total)
+		result := b.history()
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(5), result.accepts)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(10), result.total)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("auto reset rolling counter", func(t *testing.T) {
-		b = getGoogleBreaker()
+		b := getGoogleBreaker()
 		time.Sleep(testInterval * testBuckets)
-		accepts, total = b.history()
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), accepts)
-		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), total)
+		result := b.history()
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), result.accepts)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), result.total)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +271,7 @@ func BenchmarkGoogleBreakerAllow(b *testing.B) {
 	breaker := getGoogleBreaker()
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i <= b.N; i++ {
-		breaker.accept()
+		_ = breaker.accept()
 		if i%2 == 0 {
 			breaker.markSuccess()
 		} else {
@@ -215,6 +280,16 @@ func BenchmarkGoogleBreakerAllow(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
+func BenchmarkGoogleBreakerDoReq(b *testing.B) {
+	breaker := getGoogleBreaker()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i <= b.N; i++ {
+		_ = breaker.doReq(func() error {
+			return nil
+		}, nil, defaultAcceptable)
+	}
+}
+
 func markSuccess(b *googleBreaker, count int) {
 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
 		p, err := b.allow()

core/breaker/nopbreaker.go

@@ -1,35 +1,58 @@
 package breaker
 
-const noOpBreakerName = "nopBreaker"
+import "context"
 
-type noOpBreaker struct{}
+const nopBreakerName = "nopBreaker"
 
-func newNoOpBreaker() Breaker {
-	return noOpBreaker{}
+type nopBreaker struct{}
+
+// NopBreaker returns a breaker that never trigger breaker circuit.
+func NopBreaker() Breaker {
+	return nopBreaker{}
 }
 
-func (b noOpBreaker) Name() string {
-	return noOpBreakerName
+func (b nopBreaker) Name() string {
+	return nopBreakerName
 }
 
-func (b noOpBreaker) Allow() (Promise, error) {
+func (b nopBreaker) Allow() (Promise, error) {
 	return nopPromise{}, nil
 }
 
-func (b noOpBreaker) Do(req func() error) error {
+func (b nopBreaker) AllowCtx(_ context.Context) (Promise, error) {
+	return nopPromise{}, nil
+}
+
+func (b nopBreaker) Do(req func() error) error {
 	return req()
 }
 
-func (b noOpBreaker) DoWithAcceptable(req func() error, acceptable Acceptable) error {
+func (b nopBreaker) DoCtx(_ context.Context, req func() error) error {
 	return req()
 }
 
-func (b noOpBreaker) DoWithFallback(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error) error {
+func (b nopBreaker) DoWithAcceptable(req func() error, _ Acceptable) error {
 	return req()
 }
 
-func (b noOpBreaker) DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req func() error, fallback func(err error) error,
-	acceptable Acceptable) error {
+func (b nopBreaker) DoWithAcceptableCtx(_ context.Context, req func() error, _ Acceptable) error {
+	return req()
+}
+
+func (b nopBreaker) DoWithFallback(req func() error, _ Fallback) error {
+	return req()
+}
+
+func (b nopBreaker) DoWithFallbackCtx(_ context.Context, req func() error, _ Fallback) error {
+	return req()
+}
+
+func (b nopBreaker) DoWithFallbackAcceptable(req func() error, _ Fallback, _ Acceptable) error {
+	return req()
+}
+
+func (b nopBreaker) DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(_ context.Context, req func() error,
+	_ Fallback, _ Acceptable) error {
 	return req()
 }
 
@@ -38,5 +61,5 @@ type nopPromise struct{}
 func (p nopPromise) Accept() {
 }
 
-func (p nopPromise) Reject(reason string) {
+func (p nopPromise) Reject(_ string) {
 }

core/breaker/nopbreaker_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package breaker
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -8,9 +9,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestNopBreaker(t *testing.T) {
-	b := newNoOpBreaker()
-	assert.Equal(t, noOpBreakerName, b.Name())
-	p, err := b.Allow()
+	b := NopBreaker()
+	assert.Equal(t, nopBreakerName, b.Name())
+	_, err := b.Allow()
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	p, err := b.AllowCtx(context.Background())
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	p.Accept()
 	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
@@ -21,18 +24,34 @@ func TestNopBreaker(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, b.Do(func() error {
 		return nil
 	}))
+	assert.Nil(t, b.DoCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+		return nil
+	}))
 	assert.Nil(t, b.DoWithAcceptable(func() error {
 		return nil
 	}, defaultAcceptable))
+	assert.Nil(t, b.DoWithAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+		return nil
+	}, defaultAcceptable))
 	errDummy := errors.New("any")
 	assert.Equal(t, errDummy, b.DoWithFallback(func() error {
 		return errDummy
 	}, func(err error) error {
 		return nil
 	}))
+	assert.Equal(t, errDummy, b.DoWithFallbackCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+		return errDummy
+	}, func(err error) error {
+		return nil
+	}))
 	assert.Equal(t, errDummy, b.DoWithFallbackAcceptable(func() error {
 		return errDummy
 	}, func(err error) error {
 		return nil
 	}, defaultAcceptable))
+	assert.Equal(t, errDummy, b.DoWithFallbackAcceptableCtx(context.Background(), func() error {
+		return errDummy
+	}, func(err error) error {
+		return nil
+	}, defaultAcceptable))
 }

core/codec/aesecb.go

@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ func NewECBEncrypter(b cipher.Block) cipher.BlockMode {
 	return (*ecbEncrypter)(newECB(b))
 }
 
+// BlockSize returns the mode's block size.
 func (x *ecbEncrypter) BlockSize() int { return x.blockSize }
 
-// why we don't return error is because cipher.BlockMode doesn't allow this
+// CryptBlocks encrypts a number of blocks. The length of src must be a multiple of
+// the block size. Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
 func (x *ecbEncrypter) CryptBlocks(dst, src []byte) {
 	if len(src)%x.blockSize != 0 {
 		logx.Error("crypto/cipher: input not full blocks")
@@ -59,11 +61,13 @@ func NewECBDecrypter(b cipher.Block) cipher.BlockMode {
 	return (*ecbDecrypter)(newECB(b))
 }
 
+// BlockSize returns the mode's block size.
 func (x *ecbDecrypter) BlockSize() int {
 	return x.blockSize
 }
 
-// why we don't return error is because cipher.BlockMode doesn't allow this
+// CryptBlocks decrypts a number of blocks. The length of src must be a multiple of
+// the block size. Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
 func (x *ecbDecrypter) CryptBlocks(dst, src []byte) {
 	if len(src)%x.blockSize != 0 {
 		logx.Error("crypto/cipher: input not full blocks")

core/codec/aesecb_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package codec
 
 import (
+	"crypto/aes"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -10,7 +11,8 @@ import (
 func TestAesEcb(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		key     = []byte("q4t7w!z%C*F-JaNdRgUjXn2r5u8x/A?D")
-		val     = []byte("hello")
+		val     = []byte("helloworld")
+		valLong = []byte("helloworldlong..")
 		badKey1 = []byte("aaaaaaaaa")
 		// more than 32 chars
 		badKey2 = []byte("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa")
@@ -31,6 +33,39 @@ func TestAesEcb(t *testing.T) {
 	src, err := EcbDecrypt(key, dst)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, val, src)
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	encrypter := NewECBEncrypter(block)
+	assert.Equal(t, 16, encrypter.BlockSize())
+	decrypter := NewECBDecrypter(block)
+	assert.Equal(t, 16, decrypter.BlockSize())
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	encrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, val)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	encrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, valLong)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	decrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, val)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	dst = make([]byte, 8)
+	decrypter.CryptBlocks(dst, valLong)
+	for _, b := range dst {
+		assert.Equal(t, byte(0), b)
+	}
+
+	_, err = EcbEncryptBase64("cTR0N3dDKkYtSmFOZFJnVWpYbjJyNXU4eC9BP0QK", "aGVsbG93b3JsZGxvbmcuLgo=")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestAesEcbBase64(t *testing.T) {

core/codec/dh.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var (
 	zero = big.NewInt(0)
 )
 
-// DhKey defines the Diffie Hellman key.
+// DhKey defines the Diffie-Hellman key.
 type DhKey struct {
 	PriKey *big.Int
 	PubKey *big.Int
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func ComputeKey(pubKey, priKey *big.Int) (*big.Int, error) {
 	return new(big.Int).Exp(pubKey, priKey, p), nil
 }
 
-// GenerateKey returns a Diffie Hellman key.
+// GenerateKey returns a Diffie-Hellman key.
 func GenerateKey() (*DhKey, error) {
 	var err error
 	var x *big.Int

core/codec/dh_test.go

@@ -80,3 +80,17 @@ func TestKeyBytes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, len(key.Bytes()) > 0)
 }
+
+func TestDHOnErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := GenerateKey()
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, key.Bytes())
+	_, err = ComputeKey(key.PubKey, key.PriKey)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = ComputeKey(nil, key.PriKey)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = ComputeKey(key.PubKey, nil)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, NewPublicKey([]byte("")))
+}

core/codec/gzip_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package codec
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -21,3 +23,45 @@ func TestGzip(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, len(bs) < buf.Len())
 	assert.Equal(t, buf.Bytes(), actual)
 }
+
+func TestGunzip(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		input       []byte
+		expected    []byte
+		expectedErr error
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "valid input",
+			input: func() []byte {
+				var buf bytes.Buffer
+				gz := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+				gz.Write([]byte("hello"))
+				gz.Close()
+				return buf.Bytes()
+			}(),
+			expected:    []byte("hello"),
+			expectedErr: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid input",
+			input:       []byte("invalid input"),
+			expected:    nil,
+			expectedErr: gzip.ErrHeader,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := Gunzip(test.input)
+
+			if !bytes.Equal(result, test.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected result: %v", result)
+			}
+
+			if !errors.Is(err, test.expectedErr) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

core/codec/rsa.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"errors"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type (
 
 // NewRsaDecrypter returns a RsaDecrypter with the given file.
 func NewRsaDecrypter(file string) (RsaDecrypter, error) {
-	content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

core/codec/rsa_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package codec
 
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ func TestCryption(t *testing.T) {
 
 	file, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(priKey)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(file)
 	dec, err := NewRsaDecrypter(file)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	actual, err := dec.Decrypt(ret)

core/collection/cache.go

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ type (
 	// CacheOption defines the method to customize a Cache.
 	CacheOption func(cache *Cache)
 
-	// A Cache object is a in-memory cache.
+	// A Cache object is an in-memory cache.
 	Cache struct {
 		name           string
 		lock           sync.Mutex
-		data           map[string]interface{}
+		data           map[string]any
 		expire         time.Duration
 		timingWheel    *TimingWheel
 		lruCache       lru
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ type (
 // NewCache returns a Cache with given expire.
 func NewCache(expire time.Duration, opts ...CacheOption) (*Cache, error) {
 	cache := &Cache{
-		data:           make(map[string]interface{}),
+		data:           make(map[string]any),
 		expire:         expire,
 		lruCache:       emptyLruCache,
 		barrier:        syncx.NewSingleFlight(),
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func NewCache(expire time.Duration, opts ...CacheOption) (*Cache, error) {
 	}
 	cache.stats = newCacheStat(cache.name, cache.size)
 
-	timingWheel, err := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, slots, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	timingWheel, err := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, slots, func(k, v any) {
 		key, ok := k.(string)
 		if !ok {
 			return
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Del(key string) {
 }
 
 // Get returns the item with the given key from c.
-func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (any, bool) {
 	value, ok := c.doGet(key)
 	if ok {
 		c.stats.IncrementHit()
@@ -97,14 +97,19 @@ func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
 }
 
 // Set sets value into c with key.
-func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
+func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value any) {
+	c.SetWithExpire(key, value, c.expire)
+}
+
+// SetWithExpire sets value into c with key and expire with the given value.
+func (c *Cache) SetWithExpire(key string, value any, expire time.Duration) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
 	_, ok := c.data[key]
 	c.data[key] = value
 	c.lruCache.add(key)
 	c.lock.Unlock()
 
-	expiry := c.unstableExpiry.AroundDuration(c.expire)
+	expiry := c.unstableExpiry.AroundDuration(expire)
 	if ok {
 		c.timingWheel.MoveTimer(key, expiry)
 	} else {
@@ -115,16 +120,16 @@ func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
 // Take returns the item with the given key.
 // If the item is in c, return it directly.
 // If not, use fetch method to get the item, set into c and return it.
-func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
+func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (any, error)) (any, error) {
 	if val, ok := c.doGet(key); ok {
 		c.stats.IncrementHit()
 		return val, nil
 	}
 
 	var fresh bool
-	val, err := c.barrier.Do(key, func() (interface{}, error) {
-		// because O(1) on map search in memory, and fetch is an IO query
-		// so we do double check, cache might be taken by another call
+	val, err := c.barrier.Do(key, func() (any, error) {
+		// because O(1) on map search in memory, and fetch is an IO query,
+		// so we do double-check, cache might be taken by another call
 		if val, ok := c.doGet(key); ok {
 			return val, nil
 		}
@@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ func (c *Cache) Take(key string, fetch func() (interface{}, error)) (interface{}
 	return val, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Cache) doGet(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (c *Cache) doGet(key string) (any, bool) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
 	defer c.lock.Unlock()
 

core/collection/cache_test.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func TestCacheSet(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 
 	cache.Set("first", "first element")
-	cache.Set("second", "second element")
+	cache.SetWithExpire("second", "second element", time.Second*3)
 
 	value, ok := cache.Get("first")
 	assert.True(t, ok)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestCacheTake(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
-			cache.Take("first", func() (interface{}, error) {
+			cache.Take("first", func() (any, error) {
 				atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 				return "first element", nil
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func TestCacheTakeExists(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			cache.Set("first", "first element")
-			cache.Take("first", func() (interface{}, error) {
+			cache.Take("first", func() (any, error) {
 				atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 				return "first element", nil
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestCacheTakeError(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
-			_, err := cache.Take("first", func() (interface{}, error) {
+			_, err := cache.Take("first", func() (any, error) {
 				atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
 				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 				return "", errDummy

core/collection/fifo.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import "sync"
 // A Queue is a FIFO queue.
 type Queue struct {
 	lock     sync.Mutex
-	elements []interface{}
+	elements []any
 	size     int
 	head     int
 	tail     int
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type Queue struct {
 // NewQueue returns a Queue object.
 func NewQueue(size int) *Queue {
 	return &Queue{
-		elements: make([]interface{}, size),
+		elements: make([]any, size),
 		size:     size,
 	}
 }
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ func (q *Queue) Empty() bool {
 }
 
 // Put puts element into q at the last position.
-func (q *Queue) Put(element interface{}) {
+func (q *Queue) Put(element any) {
 	q.lock.Lock()
 	defer q.lock.Unlock()
 
 	if q.head == q.tail && q.count > 0 {
-		nodes := make([]interface{}, len(q.elements)+q.size)
+		nodes := make([]any, len(q.elements)+q.size)
 		copy(nodes, q.elements[q.head:])
 		copy(nodes[len(q.elements)-q.head:], q.elements[:q.head])
 		q.head = 0
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func (q *Queue) Put(element interface{}) {
 }
 
 // Take takes the first element out of q if not empty.
-func (q *Queue) Take() (interface{}, bool) {
+func (q *Queue) Take() (any, bool) {
 	q.lock.Lock()
 	defer q.lock.Unlock()
 

core/collection/ring.go

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import "sync"
 
 // A Ring can be used as fixed size ring.
 type Ring struct {
-	elements []interface{}
+	elements []any
 	index    int
-	lock     sync.Mutex
+	lock     sync.RWMutex
 }
 
 // NewRing returns a Ring object with the given size n.
@@ -16,36 +16,44 @@ func NewRing(n int) *Ring {
 	}
 
 	return &Ring{
-		elements: make([]interface{}, n),
+		elements: make([]any, n),
 	}
 }
 
 // Add adds v into r.
-func (r *Ring) Add(v interface{}) {
+func (r *Ring) Add(v any) {
 	r.lock.Lock()
 	defer r.lock.Unlock()
 
-	r.elements[r.index%len(r.elements)] = v
+	rlen := len(r.elements)
+	r.elements[r.index%rlen] = v
 	r.index++
+
+	// prevent ring index overflow
+	if r.index >= rlen<<1 {
+		r.index -= rlen
+	}
 }
 
 // Take takes all items from r.
-func (r *Ring) Take() []interface{} {
-	r.lock.Lock()
-	defer r.lock.Unlock()
+func (r *Ring) Take() []any {
+	r.lock.RLock()
+	defer r.lock.RUnlock()
 
 	var size int
 	var start int
-	if r.index > len(r.elements) {
-		size = len(r.elements)
-		start = r.index % len(r.elements)
+	rlen := len(r.elements)
+
+	if r.index > rlen {
+		size = rlen
+		start = r.index % rlen
 	} else {
 		size = r.index
 	}
 
-	elements := make([]interface{}, size)
+	elements := make([]any, size)
 	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
-		elements[i] = r.elements[(start+i)%len(r.elements)]
+		elements[i] = r.elements[(start+i)%rlen]
 	}
 
 	return elements

core/collection/ring_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestRingLess(t *testing.T) {
 		ring.Add(i)
 	}
 	elements := ring.Take()
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{0, 1, 2}, elements)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{0, 1, 2}, elements)
 }
 
 func TestRingMore(t *testing.T) {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func TestRingMore(t *testing.T) {
 		ring.Add(i)
 	}
 	elements := ring.Take()
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, elements)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []any{6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, elements)
 }
 
 func TestRingAdd(t *testing.T) {

core/collection/rollingwindow.go

@@ -4,18 +4,28 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mathx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/timex"
 )
 
 type (
-	// RollingWindowOption let callers customize the RollingWindow.
-	RollingWindowOption func(rollingWindow *RollingWindow)
+	// BucketInterface is the interface that defines the buckets.
+	BucketInterface[T Numerical] interface {
+		Add(v T)
+		Reset()
+	}
 
-	// RollingWindow defines a rolling window to calculate the events in buckets with time interval.
-	RollingWindow struct {
+	// Numerical is the interface that restricts the numerical type.
+	Numerical = mathx.Numerical
+
+	// RollingWindowOption let callers customize the RollingWindow.
+	RollingWindowOption[T Numerical, B BucketInterface[T]] func(rollingWindow *RollingWindow[T, B])
+
+	// RollingWindow defines a rolling window to calculate the events in buckets with the time interval.
+	RollingWindow[T Numerical, B BucketInterface[T]] struct {
 		lock          sync.RWMutex
 		size          int
-		win           *window
+		win           *window[T, B]
 		interval      time.Duration
 		offset        int
 		ignoreCurrent bool
@@ -25,14 +35,15 @@ type (
 
 // NewRollingWindow returns a RollingWindow that with size buckets and time interval,
 // use opts to customize the RollingWindow.
-func NewRollingWindow(size int, interval time.Duration, opts ...RollingWindowOption) *RollingWindow {
+func NewRollingWindow[T Numerical, B BucketInterface[T]](newBucket func() B, size int,
+	interval time.Duration, opts ...RollingWindowOption[T, B]) *RollingWindow[T, B] {
 	if size < 1 {
 		panic("size must be greater than 0")
 	}
 
-	w := &RollingWindow{
+	w := &RollingWindow[T, B]{
 		size:     size,
-		win:      newWindow(size),
+		win:      newWindow[T, B](newBucket, size),
 		interval: interval,
 		lastTime: timex.Now(),
 	}
@@ -43,7 +54,7 @@ func NewRollingWindow(size int, interval time.Duration, opts ...RollingWindowOpt
 }
 
 // Add adds value to current bucket.
-func (rw *RollingWindow) Add(v float64) {
+func (rw *RollingWindow[T, B]) Add(v T) {
 	rw.lock.Lock()
 	defer rw.lock.Unlock()
 	rw.updateOffset()
@@ -51,13 +62,13 @@ func (rw *RollingWindow) Add(v float64) {
 }
 
 // Reduce runs fn on all buckets, ignore current bucket if ignoreCurrent was set.
-func (rw *RollingWindow) Reduce(fn func(b *Bucket)) {
+func (rw *RollingWindow[T, B]) Reduce(fn func(b B)) {
 	rw.lock.RLock()
 	defer rw.lock.RUnlock()
 
 	var diff int
 	span := rw.span()
-	// ignore current bucket, because of partial data
+	// ignore the current bucket, because of partial data
 	if span == 0 && rw.ignoreCurrent {
 		diff = rw.size - 1
 	} else {
@@ -69,7 +80,7 @@ func (rw *RollingWindow) Reduce(fn func(b *Bucket)) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (rw *RollingWindow) span() int {
+func (rw *RollingWindow[T, B]) span() int {
 	offset := int(timex.Since(rw.lastTime) / rw.interval)
 	if 0 <= offset && offset < rw.size {
 		return offset
@@ -78,7 +89,7 @@ func (rw *RollingWindow) span() int {
 	return rw.size
 }
 
-func (rw *RollingWindow) updateOffset() {
+func (rw *RollingWindow[T, B]) updateOffset() {
 	span := rw.span()
 	if span <= 0 {
 		return
@@ -97,54 +108,54 @@ func (rw *RollingWindow) updateOffset() {
 }
 
 // Bucket defines the bucket that holds sum and num of additions.
-type Bucket struct {
-	Sum   float64
+type Bucket[T Numerical] struct {
+	Sum   T
 	Count int64
 }
 
-func (b *Bucket) add(v float64) {
+func (b *Bucket[T]) Add(v T) {
 	b.Sum += v
 	b.Count++
 }
 
-func (b *Bucket) reset() {
+func (b *Bucket[T]) Reset() {
 	b.Sum = 0
 	b.Count = 0
 }
 
-type window struct {
-	buckets []*Bucket
+type window[T Numerical, B BucketInterface[T]] struct {
+	buckets []B
 	size    int
 }
 
-func newWindow(size int) *window {
-	buckets := make([]*Bucket, size)
+func newWindow[T Numerical, B BucketInterface[T]](newBucket func() B, size int) *window[T, B] {
+	buckets := make([]B, size)
 	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
-		buckets[i] = new(Bucket)
+		buckets[i] = newBucket()
 	}
-	return &window{
+	return &window[T, B]{
 		buckets: buckets,
 		size:    size,
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) add(offset int, v float64) {
-	w.buckets[offset%w.size].add(v)
+func (w *window[T, B]) add(offset int, v T) {
+	w.buckets[offset%w.size].Add(v)
 }
 
-func (w *window) reduce(start, count int, fn func(b *Bucket)) {
+func (w *window[T, B]) reduce(start, count int, fn func(b B)) {
 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
 		fn(w.buckets[(start+i)%w.size])
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) resetBucket(offset int) {
-	w.buckets[offset%w.size].reset()
+func (w *window[T, B]) resetBucket(offset int) {
+	w.buckets[offset%w.size].Reset()
 }
 
 // IgnoreCurrentBucket lets the Reduce call ignore current bucket.
-func IgnoreCurrentBucket() RollingWindowOption {
-	return func(w *RollingWindow) {
+func IgnoreCurrentBucket[T Numerical, B BucketInterface[T]]() RollingWindowOption[T, B] {
+	return func(w *RollingWindow[T, B]) {
 		w.ignoreCurrent = true
 	}
 }

core/collection/rollingwindow_test.go

@@ -12,18 +12,24 @@ import (
 const duration = time.Millisecond * 50
 
 func TestNewRollingWindow(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.NotNil(t, NewRollingWindow(10, time.Second))
+	assert.NotNil(t, NewRollingWindow[int64, *Bucket[int64]](func() *Bucket[int64] {
+		return new(Bucket[int64])
+	}, 10, time.Second))
 	assert.Panics(t, func() {
-		NewRollingWindow(0, time.Second)
+		NewRollingWindow[int64, *Bucket[int64]](func() *Bucket[int64] {
+			return new(Bucket[int64])
+		}, 0, time.Second)
 	})
 }
 
 func TestRollingWindowAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	const size = 3
-	r := NewRollingWindow(size, duration)
+	r := NewRollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]](func() *Bucket[float64] {
+		return new(Bucket[float64])
+	}, size, duration)
 	listBuckets := func() []float64 {
 		var buckets []float64
-		r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket) {
+		r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket[float64]) {
 			buckets = append(buckets, b.Sum)
 		})
 		return buckets
@@ -47,10 +53,12 @@ func TestRollingWindowAdd(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRollingWindowReset(t *testing.T) {
 	const size = 3
-	r := NewRollingWindow(size, duration, IgnoreCurrentBucket())
+	r := NewRollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]](func() *Bucket[float64] {
+		return new(Bucket[float64])
+	}, size, duration, IgnoreCurrentBucket[float64, *Bucket[float64]]())
 	listBuckets := func() []float64 {
 		var buckets []float64
-		r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket) {
+		r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket[float64]) {
 			buckets = append(buckets, b.Sum)
 		})
 		return buckets
@@ -72,15 +80,19 @@ func TestRollingWindowReset(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRollingWindowReduce(t *testing.T) {
 	const size = 4
 	tests := []struct {
-		win    *RollingWindow
+		win    *RollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]]
 		expect float64
 	}{
 		{
-			win:    NewRollingWindow(size, duration),
+			win: NewRollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]](func() *Bucket[float64] {
+				return new(Bucket[float64])
+			}, size, duration),
 			expect: 10,
 		},
 		{
-			win:    NewRollingWindow(size, duration, IgnoreCurrentBucket()),
+			win: NewRollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]](func() *Bucket[float64] {
+				return new(Bucket[float64])
+			}, size, duration, IgnoreCurrentBucket[float64, *Bucket[float64]]()),
 			expect: 4,
 		},
 	}
@@ -97,7 +109,7 @@ func TestRollingWindowReduce(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 			var result float64
-			r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket) {
+			r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket[float64]) {
 				result += b.Sum
 			})
 			assert.Equal(t, test.expect, result)
@@ -108,10 +120,12 @@ func TestRollingWindowReduce(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRollingWindowBucketTimeBoundary(t *testing.T) {
 	const size = 3
 	interval := time.Millisecond * 30
-	r := NewRollingWindow(size, interval)
+	r := NewRollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]](func() *Bucket[float64] {
+		return new(Bucket[float64])
+	}, size, interval)
 	listBuckets := func() []float64 {
 		var buckets []float64
-		r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket) {
+		r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket[float64]) {
 			buckets = append(buckets, b.Sum)
 		})
 		return buckets
@@ -138,7 +152,9 @@ func TestRollingWindowBucketTimeBoundary(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRollingWindowDataRace(t *testing.T) {
 	const size = 3
-	r := NewRollingWindow(size, duration)
+	r := NewRollingWindow[float64, *Bucket[float64]](func() *Bucket[float64] {
+		return new(Bucket[float64])
+	}, size, duration)
 	stop := make(chan bool)
 	go func() {
 		for {
@@ -157,7 +173,7 @@ func TestRollingWindowDataRace(t *testing.T) {
 			case <-stop:
 				return
 			default:
-				r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket) {})
+				r.Reduce(func(b *Bucket[float64]) {})
 			}
 		}
 	}()

core/collection/safemap.go

@@ -14,21 +14,23 @@ type SafeMap struct {
 	lock        sync.RWMutex
 	deletionOld int
 	deletionNew int
-	dirtyOld    map[interface{}]interface{}
-	dirtyNew    map[interface{}]interface{}
+	dirtyOld    map[any]any
+	dirtyNew    map[any]any
 }
 
 // NewSafeMap returns a SafeMap.
 func NewSafeMap() *SafeMap {
 	return &SafeMap{
-		dirtyOld: make(map[interface{}]interface{}),
-		dirtyNew: make(map[interface{}]interface{}),
+		dirtyOld: make(map[any]any),
+		dirtyNew: make(map[any]any),
 	}
 }
 
 // Del deletes the value with the given key from m.
-func (m *SafeMap) Del(key interface{}) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Del(key any) {
 	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+
 	if _, ok := m.dirtyOld[key]; ok {
 		delete(m.dirtyOld, key)
 		m.deletionOld++
@@ -42,21 +44,20 @@ func (m *SafeMap) Del(key interface{}) {
 		}
 		m.dirtyOld = m.dirtyNew
 		m.deletionOld = m.deletionNew
-		m.dirtyNew = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+		m.dirtyNew = make(map[any]any)
 		m.deletionNew = 0
 	}
 	if m.deletionNew >= maxDeletion && len(m.dirtyNew) < copyThreshold {
 		for k, v := range m.dirtyNew {
 			m.dirtyOld[k] = v
 		}
-		m.dirtyNew = make(map[interface{}]interface{})
+		m.dirtyNew = make(map[any]any)
 		m.deletionNew = 0
 	}
-	m.lock.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Get gets the value with the given key from m.
-func (m *SafeMap) Get(key interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Get(key any) (any, bool) {
 	m.lock.RLock()
 	defer m.lock.RUnlock()
 
@@ -68,9 +69,29 @@ func (m *SafeMap) Get(key interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
 	return val, ok
 }
 
+// Range calls f sequentially for each key and value present in the map.
+// If f returns false, range stops the iteration.
+func (m *SafeMap) Range(f func(key, val any) bool) {
+	m.lock.RLock()
+	defer m.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	for k, v := range m.dirtyOld {
+		if !f(k, v) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	for k, v := range m.dirtyNew {
+		if !f(k, v) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // Set sets the value into m with the given key.
-func (m *SafeMap) Set(key, value interface{}) {
+func (m *SafeMap) Set(key, value any) {
 	m.lock.Lock()
+	defer m.lock.Unlock()
+
 	if m.deletionOld <= maxDeletion {
 		if _, ok := m.dirtyNew[key]; ok {
 			delete(m.dirtyNew, key)
@@ -84,7 +105,6 @@ func (m *SafeMap) Set(key, value interface{}) {
 		}
 		m.dirtyNew[key] = value
 	}
-	m.lock.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Size returns the size of m.

core/collection/safemap_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package collection
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -107,3 +108,104 @@ func testSafeMapWithParameters(t *testing.T, size, exception int) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSafeMap_Range(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		size       = 100000
+		exception1 = 5
+		exception2 = 500
+	)
+
+	m := NewSafeMap()
+	newMap := NewSafeMap()
+
+	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+		if i%exception1 == 0 {
+			m.Del(i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i := size; i < size<<1; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+	}
+	for i := size; i < size<<1; i++ {
+		if i%exception2 != 0 {
+			m.Del(i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var count int32
+	m.Range(func(k, v any) bool {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
+		newMap.Set(k, v)
+		return true
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, int(atomic.LoadInt32(&count)), m.Size())
+	assert.Equal(t, m.dirtyNew, newMap.dirtyNew)
+	assert.Equal(t, m.dirtyOld, newMap.dirtyOld)
+}
+
+func TestSetManyTimes(t *testing.T) {
+	const iteration = maxDeletion * 2
+	m := NewSafeMap()
+	for i := 0; i < iteration; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+		if i%3 == 0 {
+			m.Del(i / 2)
+		}
+	}
+	var count int
+	m.Range(func(k, v any) bool {
+		count++
+		return count < maxDeletion/2
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, maxDeletion/2, count)
+	for i := 0; i < iteration; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+		if i%3 == 0 {
+			m.Del(i / 2)
+		}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < iteration; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+		if i%3 == 0 {
+			m.Del(i / 2)
+		}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < iteration; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+		if i%3 == 0 {
+			m.Del(i / 2)
+		}
+	}
+
+	count = 0
+	m.Range(func(k, v any) bool {
+		count++
+		return count < maxDeletion
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, maxDeletion, count)
+}
+
+func TestSetManyTimesNew(t *testing.T) {
+	m := NewSafeMap()
+	for i := 0; i < maxDeletion*3; i++ {
+		m.Set(i, i)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < maxDeletion*2; i++ {
+		m.Del(i)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < maxDeletion*3; i++ {
+		m.Set(i+maxDeletion*3, i+maxDeletion*3)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < maxDeletion*2; i++ {
+		m.Del(i + maxDeletion*2)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < maxDeletion-copyThreshold+1; i++ {
+		m.Del(i + maxDeletion*2)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(m.dirtyNew))
+}

core/collection/set.go

@@ -1,235 +1,53 @@
 package collection
 
-import (
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
-)
+import "github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
 
-const (
-	unmanaged = iota
-	untyped
-	intType
-	int64Type
-	uintType
-	uint64Type
-	stringType
-)
-
-// Set is not thread-safe, for concurrent use, make sure to use it with synchronization.
-type Set struct {
-	data map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType
-	tp   int
+// Set is a type-safe generic set collection.
+// It's not thread-safe, use with synchronization for concurrent access.
+type Set[T comparable] struct {
+	data map[T]lang.PlaceholderType
 }
 
-// NewSet returns a managed Set, can only put the values with the same type.
-func NewSet() *Set {
-	return &Set{
-		data: make(map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType),
-		tp:   untyped,
+// NewSet returns a new type-safe set.
+func NewSet[T comparable]() *Set[T] {
+	return &Set[T]{
+		data: make(map[T]lang.PlaceholderType),
 	}
 }
 
-// NewUnmanagedSet returns a unmanaged Set, which can put values with different types.
-func NewUnmanagedSet() *Set {
-	return &Set{
-		data: make(map[interface{}]lang.PlaceholderType),
-		tp:   unmanaged,
+// Add adds items to the set. Duplicates are automatically ignored.
+func (s *Set[T]) Add(items ...T) {
+	for _, item := range items {
+		s.data[item] = lang.Placeholder
 	}
 }
 
-// Add adds i into s.
-func (s *Set) Add(i ...interface{}) {
-	for _, each := range i {
-		s.add(each)
-	}
+// Clear removes all items from the set.
+func (s *Set[T]) Clear() {
+	clear(s.data)
 }
 
-// AddInt adds int values ii into s.
-func (s *Set) AddInt(ii ...int) {
-	for _, each := range ii {
-		s.add(each)
-	}
-}
-
-// AddInt64 adds int64 values ii into s.
-func (s *Set) AddInt64(ii ...int64) {
-	for _, each := range ii {
-		s.add(each)
-	}
-}
-
-// AddUint adds uint values ii into s.
-func (s *Set) AddUint(ii ...uint) {
-	for _, each := range ii {
-		s.add(each)
-	}
-}
-
-// AddUint64 adds uint64 values ii into s.
-func (s *Set) AddUint64(ii ...uint64) {
-	for _, each := range ii {
-		s.add(each)
-	}
-}
-
-// AddStr adds string values ss into s.
-func (s *Set) AddStr(ss ...string) {
-	for _, each := range ss {
-		s.add(each)
-	}
-}
-
-// Contains checks if i is in s.
-func (s *Set) Contains(i interface{}) bool {
-	if len(s.data) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	s.validate(i)
-	_, ok := s.data[i]
+// Contains checks if an item exists in the set.
+func (s *Set[T]) Contains(item T) bool {
+	_, ok := s.data[item]
 	return ok
 }
 
-// Keys returns the keys in s.
-func (s *Set) Keys() []interface{} {
-	var keys []interface{}
-
-	for key := range s.data {
-		keys = append(keys, key)
-	}
-
-	return keys
-}
-
-// KeysInt returns the int keys in s.
-func (s *Set) KeysInt() []int {
-	var keys []int
-
-	for key := range s.data {
-		if intKey, ok := key.(int); ok {
-			keys = append(keys, intKey)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return keys
-}
-
-// KeysInt64 returns int64 keys in s.
-func (s *Set) KeysInt64() []int64 {
-	var keys []int64
-
-	for key := range s.data {
-		if intKey, ok := key.(int64); ok {
-			keys = append(keys, intKey)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return keys
-}
-
-// KeysUint returns uint keys in s.
-func (s *Set) KeysUint() []uint {
-	var keys []uint
-
-	for key := range s.data {
-		if intKey, ok := key.(uint); ok {
-			keys = append(keys, intKey)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return keys
-}
-
-// KeysUint64 returns uint64 keys in s.
-func (s *Set) KeysUint64() []uint64 {
-	var keys []uint64
-
-	for key := range s.data {
-		if intKey, ok := key.(uint64); ok {
-			keys = append(keys, intKey)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return keys
-}
-
-// KeysStr returns string keys in s.
-func (s *Set) KeysStr() []string {
-	var keys []string
-
-	for key := range s.data {
-		if strKey, ok := key.(string); ok {
-			keys = append(keys, strKey)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return keys
-}
-
-// Remove removes i from s.
-func (s *Set) Remove(i interface{}) {
-	s.validate(i)
-	delete(s.data, i)
-}
-
-// Count returns the number of items in s.
-func (s *Set) Count() int {
+// Count returns the number of items in the set.
+func (s *Set[T]) Count() int {
 	return len(s.data)
 }
 
-func (s *Set) add(i interface{}) {
-	switch s.tp {
-	case unmanaged:
-		// do nothing
-	case untyped:
-		s.setType(i)
-	default:
-		s.validate(i)
+// Keys returns all elements in the set as a slice.
+func (s *Set[T]) Keys() []T {
+	keys := make([]T, 0, len(s.data))
+	for key := range s.data {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
 	}
-	s.data[i] = lang.Placeholder
+	return keys
 }
 
-func (s *Set) setType(i interface{}) {
-	// s.tp can only be untyped here
-	switch i.(type) {
-	case int:
-		s.tp = intType
-	case int64:
-		s.tp = int64Type
-	case uint:
-		s.tp = uintType
-	case uint64:
-		s.tp = uint64Type
-	case string:
-		s.tp = stringType
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Set) validate(i interface{}) {
-	if s.tp == unmanaged {
-		return
-	}
-
-	switch i.(type) {
-	case int:
-		if s.tp != intType {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is int, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
-		}
-	case int64:
-		if s.tp != int64Type {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is int64, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
-		}
-	case uint:
-		if s.tp != uintType {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is uint, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
-		}
-	case uint64:
-		if s.tp != uint64Type {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is uint64, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
-		}
-	case string:
-		if s.tp != stringType {
-			logx.Errorf("Error: element is string, but set contains elements with type %d", s.tp)
-		}
-	}
+// Remove removes an item from the set.
+func (s *Set[T]) Remove(item T) {
+	delete(s.data, item)
 }

core/collection/set_test.go

@@ -12,34 +12,117 @@ func init() {
 	logx.Disable()
 }
 
-func BenchmarkRawSet(b *testing.B) {
-	m := make(map[interface{}]struct{})
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		m[i] = struct{}{}
-		_ = m[i]
-	}
+// Set functionality tests
+func TestTypedSetInt(t *testing.T) {
+	set := NewSet[int]()
+	values := []int{1, 2, 3, 2, 1} // Contains duplicates
+
+	// Test adding
+	set.Add(values...)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, set.Count()) // Should only have 3 elements after deduplication
+
+	// Test contains
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains(1))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains(2))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains(3))
+	assert.False(t, set.Contains(4))
+
+	// Test getting all keys
+	keys := set.Keys()
+	sort.Ints(keys)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, keys)
+
+	// Test removal
+	set.Remove(2)
+	assert.False(t, set.Contains(2))
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, set.Count())
 }
 
-func BenchmarkUnmanagedSet(b *testing.B) {
-	s := NewUnmanagedSet()
+func TestTypedSetStringOps(t *testing.T) {
+	set := NewSet[string]()
+	values := []string{"a", "b", "c", "b", "a"}
+
+	set.Add(values...)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, set.Count())
+
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains("a"))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains("b"))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains("c"))
+	assert.False(t, set.Contains("d"))
+
+	keys := set.Keys()
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"a", "b", "c"}, keys)
+}
+
+func TestTypedSetClear(t *testing.T) {
+	set := NewSet[int]()
+	set.Add(1, 2, 3)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, set.Count())
+
+	set.Clear()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, set.Count())
+	assert.False(t, set.Contains(1))
+}
+
+func TestTypedSetEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	set := NewSet[int]()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, set.Count())
+	assert.False(t, set.Contains(1))
+	assert.Empty(t, set.Keys())
+}
+
+func TestTypedSetMultipleTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test different typed generic sets
+	intSet := NewSet[int]()
+	int64Set := NewSet[int64]()
+	uintSet := NewSet[uint]()
+	uint64Set := NewSet[uint64]()
+	stringSet := NewSet[string]()
+
+	intSet.Add(1, 2, 3)
+	int64Set.Add(1, 2, 3)
+	uintSet.Add(1, 2, 3)
+	uint64Set.Add(1, 2, 3)
+	stringSet.Add("1", "2", "3")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, intSet.Count())
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, int64Set.Count())
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, uintSet.Count())
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, uint64Set.Count())
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, stringSet.Count())
+}
+
+// Set benchmarks
+func BenchmarkTypedIntSet(b *testing.B) {
+	s := NewSet[int]()
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		s.Add(i)
 		_ = s.Contains(i)
 	}
 }
 
-func BenchmarkSet(b *testing.B) {
-	s := NewSet()
+func BenchmarkTypedStringSet(b *testing.B) {
+	s := NewSet[string]()
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		s.AddInt(i)
-		_ = s.Contains(i)
+		s.Add(string(rune(i)))
+		_ = s.Contains(string(rune(i)))
+	}
+}
+
+// Legacy tests remain unchanged for backward compatibility
+func BenchmarkRawSet(b *testing.B) {
+	m := make(map[any]struct{})
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m[i] = struct{}{}
+		_ = m[i]
 	}
 }
 
 func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewUnmanagedSet()
-	values := []interface{}{1, 2, 3}
+	set := NewSet[int]()
+	values := []int{1, 2, 3}
 
 	// when
 	set.Add(values...)
@@ -51,82 +134,74 @@ func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAddInt(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
+	set := NewSet[int]()
 	values := []int{1, 2, 3}
 
 	// when
-	set.AddInt(values...)
+	set.Add(values...)
 
 	// then
 	assert.True(t, set.Contains(1) && set.Contains(2) && set.Contains(3))
-	keys := set.KeysInt()
+	keys := set.Keys()
 	sort.Ints(keys)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, values, keys)
 }
 
 func TestAddInt64(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
+	set := NewSet[int64]()
 	values := []int64{1, 2, 3}
 
 	// when
-	set.AddInt64(values...)
+	set.Add(values...)
 
 	// then
-	assert.True(t, set.Contains(int64(1)) && set.Contains(int64(2)) && set.Contains(int64(3)))
-	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.KeysInt64()))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains(1) && set.Contains(2) && set.Contains(3))
+	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.Keys()))
 }
 
 func TestAddUint(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
+	set := NewSet[uint]()
 	values := []uint{1, 2, 3}
 
 	// when
-	set.AddUint(values...)
+	set.Add(values...)
 
 	// then
-	assert.True(t, set.Contains(uint(1)) && set.Contains(uint(2)) && set.Contains(uint(3)))
-	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.KeysUint()))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains(1) && set.Contains(2) && set.Contains(3))
+	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.Keys()))
 }
 
 func TestAddUint64(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
+	set := NewSet[uint64]()
 	values := []uint64{1, 2, 3}
 
 	// when
-	set.AddUint64(values...)
+	set.Add(values...)
 
 	// then
-	assert.True(t, set.Contains(uint64(1)) && set.Contains(uint64(2)) && set.Contains(uint64(3)))
-	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.KeysUint64()))
+	assert.True(t, set.Contains(1) && set.Contains(2) && set.Contains(3))
+	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.Keys()))
 }
 
 func TestAddStr(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
+	set := NewSet[string]()
 	values := []string{"1", "2", "3"}
 
 	// when
-	set.AddStr(values...)
+	set.Add(values...)
 
 	// then
 	assert.True(t, set.Contains("1") && set.Contains("2") && set.Contains("3"))
-	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.KeysStr()))
+	assert.Equal(t, len(values), len(set.Keys()))
 }
 
 func TestContainsWithoutElements(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
-
-	// then
-	assert.False(t, set.Contains(1))
-}
-
-func TestContainsUnmanagedWithoutElements(t *testing.T) {
-	// given
-	set := NewUnmanagedSet()
+	set := NewSet[int]()
 
 	// then
 	assert.False(t, set.Contains(1))
@@ -134,8 +209,8 @@ func TestContainsUnmanagedWithoutElements(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRemove(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.Add([]interface{}{1, 2, 3}...)
+	set := NewSet[int]()
+	set.Add([]int{1, 2, 3}...)
 
 	// when
 	set.Remove(2)
@@ -146,57 +221,9 @@ func TestRemove(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCount(t *testing.T) {
 	// given
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.Add([]interface{}{1, 2, 3}...)
+	set := NewSet[int]()
+	set.Add([]int{1, 2, 3}...)
 
 	// then
 	assert.Equal(t, set.Count(), 3)
 }
-
-func TestKeysIntMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.add(int64(1))
-	set.add(2)
-	vals := set.KeysInt()
-	assert.EqualValues(t, []int{2}, vals)
-}
-
-func TestKeysInt64Mismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.add(1)
-	set.add(int64(2))
-	vals := set.KeysInt64()
-	assert.EqualValues(t, []int64{2}, vals)
-}
-
-func TestKeysUintMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.add(1)
-	set.add(uint(2))
-	vals := set.KeysUint()
-	assert.EqualValues(t, []uint{2}, vals)
-}
-
-func TestKeysUint64Mismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.add(1)
-	set.add(uint64(2))
-	vals := set.KeysUint64()
-	assert.EqualValues(t, []uint64{2}, vals)
-}
-
-func TestKeysStrMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	set := NewSet()
-	set.add(1)
-	set.add("2")
-	vals := set.KeysStr()
-	assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"2"}, vals)
-}
-
-func TestSetType(t *testing.T) {
-	set := NewUnmanagedSet()
-	set.add(1)
-	set.add("2")
-	vals := set.Keys()
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []interface{}{1, "2"}, vals)
-}

core/collection/timingwheel.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package collection
 
 import (
 	"container/list"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
@@ -12,9 +13,14 @@ import (
 
 const drainWorkers = 8
 
+var (
+	ErrClosed   = errors.New("TimingWheel is closed already")
+	ErrArgument = errors.New("incorrect task argument")
+)
+
 type (
 	// Execute defines the method to execute the task.
-	Execute func(key, value interface{})
+	Execute func(key, value any)
 
 	// A TimingWheel is a timing wheel object to schedule tasks.
 	TimingWheel struct {
@@ -27,14 +33,14 @@ type (
 		execute       Execute
 		setChannel    chan timingEntry
 		moveChannel   chan baseEntry
-		removeChannel chan interface{}
-		drainChannel  chan func(key, value interface{})
+		removeChannel chan any
+		drainChannel  chan func(key, value any)
 		stopChannel   chan lang.PlaceholderType
 	}
 
 	timingEntry struct {
 		baseEntry
-		value   interface{}
+		value   any
 		circle  int
 		diff    int
 		removed bool
@@ -42,7 +48,7 @@ type (
 
 	baseEntry struct {
 		delay time.Duration
-		key   interface{}
+		key   any
 	}
 
 	positionEntry struct {
@@ -51,22 +57,24 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	timingTask struct {
-		key   interface{}
-		value interface{}
+		key   any
+		value any
 	}
 )
 
 // NewTimingWheel returns a TimingWheel.
 func NewTimingWheel(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execute) (*TimingWheel, error) {
 	if interval <= 0 || numSlots <= 0 || execute == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("interval: %v, slots: %d, execute: %p", interval, numSlots, execute)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("interval: %v, slots: %d, execute: %p",
+			interval, numSlots, execute)
 	}
 
-	return newTimingWheelWithClock(interval, numSlots, execute, timex.NewTicker(interval))
+	return NewTimingWheelWithTicker(interval, numSlots, execute, timex.NewTicker(interval))
 }
 
-func newTimingWheelWithClock(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execute, ticker timex.Ticker) (
-	*TimingWheel, error) {
+// NewTimingWheelWithTicker returns a TimingWheel with the given ticker.
+func NewTimingWheelWithTicker(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execute,
+	ticker timex.Ticker) (*TimingWheel, error) {
 	tw := &TimingWheel{
 		interval:      interval,
 		ticker:        ticker,
@@ -77,8 +85,8 @@ func newTimingWheelWithClock(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execu
 		numSlots:      numSlots,
 		setChannel:    make(chan timingEntry),
 		moveChannel:   make(chan baseEntry),
-		removeChannel: make(chan interface{}),
-		drainChannel:  make(chan func(key, value interface{})),
+		removeChannel: make(chan any),
+		drainChannel:  make(chan func(key, value any)),
 		stopChannel:   make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
 	}
 
@@ -89,52 +97,72 @@ func newTimingWheelWithClock(interval time.Duration, numSlots int, execute Execu
 }
 
 // Drain drains all items and executes them.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) Drain(fn func(key, value interface{})) {
-	tw.drainChannel <- fn
+func (tw *TimingWheel) Drain(fn func(key, value any)) error {
+	select {
+	case tw.drainChannel <- fn:
+		return nil
+	case <-tw.stopChannel:
+		return ErrClosed
+	}
 }
 
 // MoveTimer moves the task with the given key to the given delay.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) MoveTimer(key interface{}, delay time.Duration) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) MoveTimer(key any, delay time.Duration) error {
 	if delay <= 0 || key == nil {
-		return
+		return ErrArgument
 	}
 
-	tw.moveChannel <- baseEntry{
+	select {
+	case tw.moveChannel <- baseEntry{
 		delay: delay,
 		key:   key,
+	}:
+		return nil
+	case <-tw.stopChannel:
+		return ErrClosed
 	}
 }
 
 // RemoveTimer removes the task with the given key.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) RemoveTimer(key interface{}) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) RemoveTimer(key any) error {
 	if key == nil {
-		return
+		return ErrArgument
 	}
 
-	tw.removeChannel <- key
+	select {
+	case tw.removeChannel <- key:
+		return nil
+	case <-tw.stopChannel:
+		return ErrClosed
+	}
 }
 
 // SetTimer sets the task value with the given key to the delay.
-func (tw *TimingWheel) SetTimer(key, value interface{}, delay time.Duration) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) SetTimer(key, value any, delay time.Duration) error {
 	if delay <= 0 || key == nil {
-		return
+		return ErrArgument
 	}
 
-	tw.setChannel <- timingEntry{
+	select {
+	case tw.setChannel <- timingEntry{
 		baseEntry: baseEntry{
 			delay: delay,
 			key:   key,
 		},
 		value: value,
+	}:
+		return nil
+	case <-tw.stopChannel:
+		return ErrClosed
 	}
 }
 
-// Stop stops tw.
+// Stop stops tw. No more actions after stopping a TimingWheel.
 func (tw *TimingWheel) Stop() {
 	close(tw.stopChannel)
 }
 
-func (tw *TimingWheel) drainAll(fn func(key, value interface{})) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) drainAll(fn func(key, value any)) {
 	runner := threading.NewTaskRunner(drainWorkers)
 	for _, slot := range tw.slots {
 		for e := slot.Front(); e != nil; {
@@ -204,7 +232,7 @@ func (tw *TimingWheel) onTick() {
 	tw.scanAndRunTasks(l)
 }
 
-func (tw *TimingWheel) removeTask(key interface{}) {
+func (tw *TimingWheel) removeTask(key any) {
 	val, ok := tw.timers.Get(key)
 	if !ok {
 		return

core/collection/timingwheel_test.go

@@ -20,15 +20,14 @@ const (
 )
 
 func TestNewTimingWheel(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := NewTimingWheel(0, 10, func(key, value interface{}) {})
+	_, err := NewTimingWheel(0, 10, func(key, value any) {})
 	assert.NotNil(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestTimingWheel_Drain(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 	}, ticker)
-	defer tw.Stop()
 	tw.SetTimer("first", 3, testStep*4)
 	tw.SetTimer("second", 5, testStep*7)
 	tw.SetTimer("third", 7, testStep*7)
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_Drain(t *testing.T) {
 	var lock sync.Mutex
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(3)
-	tw.Drain(func(key, value interface{}) {
+	tw.Drain(func(key, value any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		defer lock.Unlock()
 		keys = append(keys, key.(string))
@@ -51,17 +50,19 @@ func TestTimingWheel_Drain(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"first", "second", "third"}, keys)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, []int{3, 5, 7}, vals)
 	var count int
-	tw.Drain(func(key, value interface{}) {
+	tw.Drain(func(key, value any) {
 		count++
 	})
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, count)
+	tw.Stop()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.Drain(func(key, value any) {}))
 }
 
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerTwice(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 5, v.(int))
@@ -95,23 +96,29 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerTwice(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerWrongDelay(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {}, ticker)
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {}, ticker)
 	defer tw.Stop()
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
 		tw.SetTimer("any", 3, -testStep)
 	})
 }
 
+func TestTimingWheel_SetTimerAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
+	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {}, ticker)
+	tw.Stop()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.SetTimer("any", 3, testStep))
+}
+
 func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 3, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 3, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
 		ticker.Done()
 	}, ticker)
-	defer tw.Stop()
 	tw.SetTimer("any", 3, testStep*4)
 	tw.MoveTimer("any", testStep*7)
 	tw.MoveTimer("any", -testStep)
@@ -125,12 +132,14 @@ func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	assert.Nil(t, ticker.Wait(waitTime))
 	assert.True(t, run.True())
+	tw.Stop()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.MoveTimer("any", time.Millisecond))
 }
 
 func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 3, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 3, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -146,7 +155,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerSoon(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerEarlier(t *testing.T) {
 	run := syncx.NewAtomicBool()
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.True(t, run.CompareAndSwap(false, true))
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
@@ -164,7 +173,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_MoveTimerEarlier(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTimingWheel_RemoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {}, ticker)
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {}, ticker)
 	tw.SetTimer("any", 3, testStep)
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
 		tw.RemoveTimer("any")
@@ -175,6 +184,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_RemoveTimer(t *testing.T) {
 		ticker.Tick()
 	}
 	tw.Stop()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrClosed, tw.RemoveTimer("any"))
 }
 
 func TestTimingWheel_SetTimer(t *testing.T) {
@@ -226,7 +236,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetTimer(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				assert.Equal(t, 1, key.(int))
 				assert.Equal(t, 2, value.(int))
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
@@ -307,7 +317,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetAndMoveThenStart(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -395,7 +405,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_SetAndMoveTwice(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -476,7 +486,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_ElapsedAndSet(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -567,7 +577,7 @@ func TestTimingWheel_ElapsedAndSetThenMove(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			var actual int32
 			done := make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
-			tw, err := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value interface{}) {
+			tw, err := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, test.slots, func(key, value any) {
 				actual = atomic.LoadInt32(&count)
 				close(done)
 			}, ticker)
@@ -602,7 +612,7 @@ func TestMoveAndRemoveTask(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	var keys []int
-	tw, _ := newTimingWheelWithClock(testStep, 10, func(k, v interface{}) {
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheelWithTicker(testStep, 10, func(k, v any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "any", k)
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, v.(int))
 		keys = append(keys, v.(int))
@@ -622,7 +632,7 @@ func TestMoveAndRemoveTask(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkTimingWheel(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	tw, _ := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, 100, func(k, v interface{}) {})
+	tw, _ := NewTimingWheel(time.Second, 100, func(k, v any) {})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		tw.SetTimer(i, i, time.Second)
 		tw.SetTimer(b.N+i, b.N+i, time.Second)

core/color/color.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package color
+
+import "github.com/fatih/color"
+
+const (
+	// NoColor is no color for both foreground and background.
+	NoColor Color = iota
+	// FgBlack is the foreground color black.
+	FgBlack
+	// FgRed is the foreground color red.
+	FgRed
+	// FgGreen is the foreground color green.
+	FgGreen
+	// FgYellow is the foreground color yellow.
+	FgYellow
+	// FgBlue is the foreground color blue.
+	FgBlue
+	// FgMagenta is the foreground color magenta.
+	FgMagenta
+	// FgCyan is the foreground color cyan.
+	FgCyan
+	// FgWhite is the foreground color white.
+	FgWhite
+
+	// BgBlack is the background color black.
+	BgBlack
+	// BgRed is the background color red.
+	BgRed
+	// BgGreen is the background color green.
+	BgGreen
+	// BgYellow is the background color yellow.
+	BgYellow
+	// BgBlue is the background color blue.
+	BgBlue
+	// BgMagenta is the background color magenta.
+	BgMagenta
+	// BgCyan is the background color cyan.
+	BgCyan
+	// BgWhite is the background color white.
+	BgWhite
+)
+
+var colors = map[Color][]color.Attribute{
+	FgBlack:   {color.FgBlack, color.Bold},
+	FgRed:     {color.FgRed, color.Bold},
+	FgGreen:   {color.FgGreen, color.Bold},
+	FgYellow:  {color.FgYellow, color.Bold},
+	FgBlue:    {color.FgBlue, color.Bold},
+	FgMagenta: {color.FgMagenta, color.Bold},
+	FgCyan:    {color.FgCyan, color.Bold},
+	FgWhite:   {color.FgWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgBlack:   {color.BgBlack, color.FgHiWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgRed:     {color.BgRed, color.FgHiWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgGreen:   {color.BgGreen, color.FgHiWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgYellow:  {color.BgHiYellow, color.FgHiBlack, color.Bold},
+	BgBlue:    {color.BgBlue, color.FgHiWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgMagenta: {color.BgMagenta, color.FgHiWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgCyan:    {color.BgCyan, color.FgHiWhite, color.Bold},
+	BgWhite:   {color.BgHiWhite, color.FgHiBlack, color.Bold},
+}
+
+type Color uint32
+
+// WithColor returns a string with the given color applied.
+func WithColor(text string, colour Color) string {
+	c := color.New(colors[colour]...)
+	return c.Sprint(text)
+}
+
+// WithColorPadding returns a string with the given color applied with leading and trailing spaces.
+func WithColorPadding(text string, colour Color) string {
+	return WithColor(" "+text+" ", colour)
+}

core/color/color_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package color
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestWithColor(t *testing.T) {
+	output := WithColor("Hello", BgRed)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello", output)
+}
+
+func TestWithColorPadding(t *testing.T) {
+	output := WithColorPadding("Hello", BgRed)
+	assert.Equal(t, " Hello ", output)
+}

core/conf/config.go

@@ -2,28 +2,53 @@ package conf
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/jsonx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mapping"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/internal/encoding"
 )
 
-var loaders = map[string]func([]byte, interface{}) error{
-	".json": LoadConfigFromJsonBytes,
-	".yaml": LoadConfigFromYamlBytes,
-	".yml":  LoadConfigFromYamlBytes,
+const (
+	jsonTagKey = "json"
+	jsonTagSep = ','
+)
+
+var (
+	fillDefaultUnmarshaler = mapping.NewUnmarshaler(jsonTagKey, mapping.WithDefault())
+	loaders                = map[string]func([]byte, any) error{
+		".json": LoadFromJsonBytes,
+		".toml": LoadFromTomlBytes,
+		".yaml": LoadFromYamlBytes,
+		".yml":  LoadFromYamlBytes,
+	}
+)
+
+// children and mapField should not be both filled.
+// named fields and map cannot be bound to the same field name.
+type fieldInfo struct {
+	children map[string]*fieldInfo
+	mapField *fieldInfo
 }
 
-// LoadConfig loads config into v from file, .json, .yaml and .yml are acceptable.
-func LoadConfig(file string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) error {
-	content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+// FillDefault fills the default values for the given v,
+// and the premise is that the value of v must be guaranteed to be empty.
+func FillDefault(v any) error {
+	return fillDefaultUnmarshaler.Unmarshal(map[string]any{}, v)
+}
+
+// Load loads config into v from file, .json, .yaml and .yml are acceptable.
+func Load(file string, v any, opts ...Option) error {
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	loader, ok := loaders[path.Ext(file)]
+	loader, ok := loaders[strings.ToLower(path.Ext(file))]
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized file type: %s", file)
 	}
@@ -37,22 +62,311 @@ func LoadConfig(file string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) error {
 		return loader([]byte(os.ExpandEnv(string(content))), v)
 	}
 
-	return loader(content, v)
+	if err = loader(content, v); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return validate(v)
+}
+
+// LoadConfig loads config into v from file, .json, .yaml and .yml are acceptable.
+// Deprecated: use Load instead.
+func LoadConfig(file string, v any, opts ...Option) error {
+	return Load(file, v, opts...)
+}
+
+// LoadFromJsonBytes loads config into v from content json bytes.
+func LoadFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
+	info, err := buildFieldsInfo(reflect.TypeOf(v), "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var m map[string]any
+	if err = jsonx.Unmarshal(content, &m); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	lowerCaseKeyMap := toLowerCaseKeyMap(m, info)
+
+	if err = mapping.UnmarshalJsonMap(lowerCaseKeyMap, v,
+		mapping.WithCanonicalKeyFunc(toLowerCase)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return validate(v)
 }
 
 // LoadConfigFromJsonBytes loads config into v from content json bytes.
-func LoadConfigFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
-	return mapping.UnmarshalJsonBytes(content, v)
+// Deprecated: use LoadFromJsonBytes instead.
+func LoadConfigFromJsonBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
+	return LoadFromJsonBytes(content, v)
+}
+
+// LoadFromTomlBytes loads config into v from content toml bytes.
+func LoadFromTomlBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
+	b, err := encoding.TomlToJson(content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return LoadFromJsonBytes(b, v)
+}
+
+// LoadFromYamlBytes loads config into v from content yaml bytes.
+func LoadFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
+	b, err := encoding.YamlToJson(content)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return LoadFromJsonBytes(b, v)
 }
 
 // LoadConfigFromYamlBytes loads config into v from content yaml bytes.
-func LoadConfigFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v interface{}) error {
-	return mapping.UnmarshalYamlBytes(content, v)
+// Deprecated: use LoadFromYamlBytes instead.
+func LoadConfigFromYamlBytes(content []byte, v any) error {
+	return LoadFromYamlBytes(content, v)
 }
 
 // MustLoad loads config into v from path, exits on error.
-func MustLoad(path string, v interface{}, opts ...Option) {
-	if err := LoadConfig(path, v, opts...); err != nil {
+func MustLoad(path string, v any, opts ...Option) {
+	if err := Load(path, v, opts...); err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("error: config file %s, %s", path, err.Error())
 	}
 }
+
+func addOrMergeFields(info *fieldInfo, key string, child *fieldInfo, fullName string) error {
+	if prev, ok := info.children[key]; ok {
+		if child.mapField != nil {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		if err := mergeFields(prev, child.children, fullName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		info.children[key] = child
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildAnonymousFieldInfo(info *fieldInfo, lowerCaseName string, ft reflect.Type, fullName string) error {
+	switch ft.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		fields, err := buildFieldsInfo(ft, fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for k, v := range fields.children {
+			if err = addOrMergeFields(info, k, v, fullName); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		elemField, err := buildFieldsInfo(mapping.Deref(ft.Elem()), fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := info.children[lowerCaseName]; ok {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		info.children[lowerCaseName] = &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+			mapField: elemField,
+		}
+	default:
+		if _, ok := info.children[lowerCaseName]; ok {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		info.children[lowerCaseName] = &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildFieldsInfo(tp reflect.Type, fullName string) (*fieldInfo, error) {
+	tp = mapping.Deref(tp)
+
+	switch tp.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		return buildStructFieldsInfo(tp, fullName)
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice, reflect.Map:
+		return buildFieldsInfo(mapping.Deref(tp.Elem()), fullName)
+	case reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %s, fullName: %s", tp.Kind(), fullName)
+	default:
+		return &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func buildNamedFieldInfo(info *fieldInfo, lowerCaseName string, ft reflect.Type, fullName string) error {
+	var finfo *fieldInfo
+	var err error
+
+	switch ft.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		finfo, err = buildFieldsInfo(ft, fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		finfo, err = buildFieldsInfo(ft.Elem(), fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		elemInfo, err := buildFieldsInfo(mapping.Deref(ft.Elem()), fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		finfo = &fieldInfo{
+			children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+			mapField: elemInfo,
+		}
+	default:
+		finfo, err = buildFieldsInfo(ft, fullName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return addOrMergeFields(info, lowerCaseName, finfo, fullName)
+}
+
+func buildStructFieldsInfo(tp reflect.Type, fullName string) (*fieldInfo, error) {
+	info := &fieldInfo{
+		children: make(map[string]*fieldInfo),
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < tp.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := tp.Field(i)
+		if !field.IsExported() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name := getTagName(field)
+		lowerCaseName := toLowerCase(name)
+		ft := mapping.Deref(field.Type)
+		// flatten anonymous fields
+		if field.Anonymous {
+			if err := buildAnonymousFieldInfo(info, lowerCaseName, ft,
+				getFullName(fullName, lowerCaseName)); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		} else if err := buildNamedFieldInfo(info, lowerCaseName, ft,
+			getFullName(fullName, lowerCaseName)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+// getTagName get the tag name of the given field, if no tag name, use file.Name.
+// field.Name is returned on tags like `json:""` and `json:",optional"`.
+func getTagName(field reflect.StructField) string {
+	if tag, ok := field.Tag.Lookup(jsonTagKey); ok {
+		if pos := strings.IndexByte(tag, jsonTagSep); pos >= 0 {
+			tag = tag[:pos]
+		}
+
+		tag = strings.TrimSpace(tag)
+		if len(tag) > 0 {
+			return tag
+		}
+	}
+
+	return field.Name
+}
+
+func mergeFields(prev *fieldInfo, children map[string]*fieldInfo, fullName string) error {
+	if len(prev.children) == 0 || len(children) == 0 {
+		return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+	}
+
+	// merge fields
+	for k, v := range children {
+		if _, ok := prev.children[k]; ok {
+			return newConflictKeyError(fullName)
+		}
+
+		prev.children[k] = v
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toLowerCase(s string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(s)
+}
+
+func toLowerCaseInterface(v any, info *fieldInfo) any {
+	switch vv := v.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		return toLowerCaseKeyMap(vv, info)
+	case []any:
+		arr := make([]any, 0, len(vv))
+		for _, vvv := range vv {
+			arr = append(arr, toLowerCaseInterface(vvv, info))
+		}
+		return arr
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+func toLowerCaseKeyMap(m map[string]any, info *fieldInfo) map[string]any {
+	res := make(map[string]any)
+
+	for k, v := range m {
+		ti, ok := info.children[k]
+		if ok {
+			res[k] = toLowerCaseInterface(v, ti)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		lk := toLowerCase(k)
+		if ti, ok = info.children[lk]; ok {
+			res[lk] = toLowerCaseInterface(v, ti)
+		} else if info.mapField != nil {
+			res[k] = toLowerCaseInterface(v, info.mapField)
+		} else if vv, ok := v.(map[string]any); ok {
+			res[k] = toLowerCaseKeyMap(vv, info)
+		} else {
+			res[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	return res
+}
+
+type conflictKeyError struct {
+	key string
+}
+
+func newConflictKeyError(key string) conflictKeyError {
+	return conflictKeyError{key: key}
+}
+
+func (e conflictKeyError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("conflict key %s, pay attention to anonymous fields", e.key)
+}
+
+func getFullName(parent, child string) string {
+	if len(parent) == 0 {
+		return child
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join([]string{parent, child}, ".")
+}

core/conf/properties.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 // PropertyError represents a configuration error message.
 type PropertyError struct {
-	error
 	message string
 }
 

core/conf/properties_test.go

@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ func TestPropertiesEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	defer os.Remove(tmpfile)
 
-	os.Setenv("FOO", "2")
-	defer os.Unsetenv("FOO")
+	t.Setenv("FOO", "2")
 
 	props, err := LoadProperties(tmpfile, UseEnv())
 	assert.Nil(t, err)

core/conf/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+## How to use
+
+1. Define a config structure, like below:
+
+```go
+type RestfulConf struct {
+  ServiceName  string        `json:",env=SERVICE_NAME"`  // read from env automatically
+	Host         string        `json:",default=0.0.0.0"`
+	Port         int
+	LogMode      string        `json:",options=[file,console]"`
+	Verbose      bool          `json:",optional"`
+	MaxConns     int           `json:",default=10000"`
+	MaxBytes     int64         `json:",default=1048576"`
+	Timeout      time.Duration `json:",default=3s"`
+	CpuThreshold int64         `json:",default=900,range=[0:1000)"`
+}
+```
+
+2. Write the yaml, toml or json config file:
+
+- yaml example
+
+```yaml
+# most fields are optional or have default values
+port: 8080
+logMode: console
+# you can use env settings
+maxBytes: ${MAX_BYTES}
+```
+
+- toml example
+
+```toml
+# most fields are optional or have default values
+port = 8_080
+logMode = "console"
+# you can use env settings
+maxBytes = "${MAX_BYTES}"
+```
+
+3. Load the config from a file:
+
+```go
+// exit on error
+var config RestfulConf
+conf.MustLoad(configFile, &config)
+
+// or handle the error on your own
+var config RestfulConf
+if err := conf.Load(configFile, &config); err != nil {
+  log.Fatal(err)
+}
+
+// enable reading from environments
+var config RestfulConf
+conf.MustLoad(configFile, &config, conf.UseEnv())
+```
+

core/conf/validate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package conf
+
+import "github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/validation"
+
+// validate validates the value if it implements the Validator interface.
+func validate(v any) error {
+	if val, ok := v.(validation.Validator); ok {
+		return val.Validate()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

core/conf/validate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package conf
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type mockType int
+
+func (m mockType) Validate() error {
+	if m < 10 {
+		return errors.New("invalid value")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type anotherMockType int
+
+func Test_validate(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		v       any
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "invalid",
+			v:       mockType(5),
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "valid",
+			v:       mockType(10),
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "not validator",
+			v:       anotherMockType(5),
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validate(tt.v)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantErr, err != nil)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type mockVal struct {
+}
+
+func (m mockVal) Validate() error {
+	return errors.New("invalid value")
+}
+
+func Test_validateValPtr(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		v       any
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "invalid",
+			v:    mockVal{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid value",
+			v:    &mockVal{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Error(t, validate(tt.v))
+		})
+	}
+}

core/configcenter/configurator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package configurator
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/configcenter/subscriber"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mapping"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/threading"
+)
+
+var (
+	errEmptyConfig            = errors.New("empty config value")
+	errMissingUnmarshalerType = errors.New("missing unmarshaler type")
+)
+
+// Configurator is the interface for configuration center.
+type Configurator[T any] interface {
+	// GetConfig returns the subscription value.
+	GetConfig() (T, error)
+	// AddListener adds a listener to the subscriber.
+	AddListener(listener func())
+}
+
+type (
+	// Config is the configuration for Configurator.
+	Config struct {
+		// Type is the value type, yaml, json or toml.
+		Type string `json:",default=yaml,options=[yaml,json,toml]"`
+		// Log is the flag to control logging.
+		Log bool `json:",default=true"`
+	}
+
+	configCenter[T any] struct {
+		conf        Config
+		unmarshaler LoaderFn
+		subscriber  subscriber.Subscriber
+		listeners   []func()
+		lock        sync.Mutex
+		snapshot    atomic.Value
+	}
+
+	value[T any] struct {
+		data        string
+		marshalData T
+		err         error
+	}
+)
+
+// Configurator is the interface for configuration center.
+var _ Configurator[any] = (*configCenter[any])(nil)
+
+// MustNewConfigCenter returns a Configurator, exits on errors.
+func MustNewConfigCenter[T any](c Config, subscriber subscriber.Subscriber) Configurator[T] {
+	cc, err := NewConfigCenter[T](c, subscriber)
+	logx.Must(err)
+	return cc
+}
+
+// NewConfigCenter returns a Configurator.
+func NewConfigCenter[T any](c Config, subscriber subscriber.Subscriber) (Configurator[T], error) {
+	unmarshaler, ok := Unmarshaler(strings.ToLower(c.Type))
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown format: %s", c.Type)
+	}
+
+	cc := &configCenter[T]{
+		conf:        c,
+		unmarshaler: unmarshaler,
+		subscriber:  subscriber,
+	}
+
+	if err := cc.loadConfig(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := cc.subscriber.AddListener(cc.onChange); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := cc.GetConfig(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return cc, nil
+}
+
+// AddListener adds listener to s.
+func (c *configCenter[T]) AddListener(listener func()) {
+	c.lock.Lock()
+	defer c.lock.Unlock()
+	c.listeners = append(c.listeners, listener)
+}
+
+// GetConfig return structured config.
+func (c *configCenter[T]) GetConfig() (T, error) {
+	v := c.value()
+	if v == nil || len(v.data) == 0 {
+		var empty T
+		return empty, errEmptyConfig
+	}
+
+	return v.marshalData, v.err
+}
+
+// Value returns the subscription value.
+func (c *configCenter[T]) Value() string {
+	v := c.value()
+	if v == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return v.data
+}
+
+func (c *configCenter[T]) loadConfig() error {
+	v, err := c.subscriber.Value()
+	if err != nil {
+		if c.conf.Log {
+			logx.Errorf("ConfigCenter loads changed configuration, error: %v", err)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if c.conf.Log {
+		logx.Infof("ConfigCenter loads changed configuration, content [%s]", v)
+	}
+
+	c.snapshot.Store(c.genValue(v))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *configCenter[T]) onChange() {
+	if err := c.loadConfig(); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.lock.Lock()
+	listeners := make([]func(), len(c.listeners))
+	copy(listeners, c.listeners)
+	c.lock.Unlock()
+
+	for _, l := range listeners {
+		threading.GoSafe(l)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *configCenter[T]) value() *value[T] {
+	content := c.snapshot.Load()
+	if content == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return content.(*value[T])
+}
+
+func (c *configCenter[T]) genValue(data string) *value[T] {
+	v := &value[T]{
+		data: data,
+	}
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return v
+	}
+
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(v.marshalData)
+	// if the type is nil, it means that the user has not set the type of the configuration.
+	if t == nil {
+		v.err = errMissingUnmarshalerType
+		return v
+	}
+
+	t = mapping.Deref(t)
+	switch t.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct, reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		if err := c.unmarshaler([]byte(data), &v.marshalData); err != nil {
+			v.err = err
+			if c.conf.Log {
+				logx.Errorf("ConfigCenter unmarshal configuration failed, err: %+v, content [%s]",
+					err.Error(), data)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.String:
+		if str, ok := any(data).(T); ok {
+			v.marshalData = str
+		} else {
+			v.err = errMissingUnmarshalerType
+		}
+	default:
+		if c.conf.Log {
+			logx.Errorf("ConfigCenter unmarshal configuration missing unmarshaler for type: %s, content [%s]",
+				t.Kind(), data)
+		}
+		v.err = errMissingUnmarshalerType
+	}
+
+	return v
+}

core/configcenter/configurator_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+package configurator
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestNewConfigCenter(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := NewConfigCenter[any](Config{
+		Log: true,
+	}, &mockSubscriber{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	_, err = NewConfigCenter[any](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, &mockSubscriber{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestConfigCenter_GetConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	mock := &mockSubscriber{}
+	type Data struct {
+		Name string `json:"name"`
+	}
+
+	mock.v = `{"name": "go-zero"}`
+	c1, err := NewConfigCenter[Data](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, mock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err := c1.GetConfig()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "go-zero", data.Name)
+
+	mock.v = `{"name": "111"}`
+	c2, err := NewConfigCenter[Data](Config{Type: "json"}, mock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mock.v = `{}`
+	c3, err := NewConfigCenter[string](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, mock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = c3.GetConfig()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err = c2.GetConfig()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mock.lisErr = errors.New("mock error")
+	_, err = NewConfigCenter[Data](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, mock)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestConfigCenter_onChange(t *testing.T) {
+	mock := &mockSubscriber{}
+	type Data struct {
+		Name string `json:"name"`
+	}
+
+	mock.v = `{"name": "go-zero"}`
+	c1, err := NewConfigCenter[Data](Config{Type: "json", Log: true}, mock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err := c1.GetConfig()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "go-zero", data.Name)
+
+	mock.v = `{"name": "go-zero2"}`
+	mock.change()
+
+	data, err = c1.GetConfig()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "go-zero2", data.Name)
+
+	mock.valErr = errors.New("mock error")
+	_, err = NewConfigCenter[Data](Config{Type: "json", Log: false}, mock)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestConfigCenter_Value(t *testing.T) {
+	mock := &mockSubscriber{}
+	mock.v = "1234"
+
+	c, err := NewConfigCenter[string](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, mock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cc := c.(*configCenter[string])
+
+	assert.Equal(t, cc.Value(), "1234")
+
+	mock.valErr = errors.New("mock error")
+
+	_, err = NewConfigCenter[any](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, mock)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestConfigCenter_AddListener(t *testing.T) {
+	mock := &mockSubscriber{}
+	mock.v = "1234"
+	c, err := NewConfigCenter[string](Config{
+		Type: "json",
+		Log:  true,
+	}, mock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cc := c.(*configCenter[string])
+	var a, b int
+	var mutex sync.Mutex
+	cc.AddListener(func() {
+		mutex.Lock()
+		a = 1
+		mutex.Unlock()
+	})
+	cc.AddListener(func() {
+		mutex.Lock()
+		b = 2
+		mutex.Unlock()
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, len(cc.listeners))
+
+	mock.change()
+
+	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
+
+	mutex.Lock()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, a)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, b)
+	mutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestConfigCenter_genValue(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("data is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &configCenter[string]{
+			unmarshaler: registry.unmarshalers["json"],
+			conf:        Config{Log: true},
+		}
+		v := c.genValue("")
+		assert.Equal(t, "", v.data)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid template type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &configCenter[any]{
+			unmarshaler: registry.unmarshalers["json"],
+			conf:        Config{Log: true},
+		}
+		v := c.genValue("xxxx")
+		assert.Equal(t, errMissingUnmarshalerType, v.err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported template type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &configCenter[int]{
+			unmarshaler: registry.unmarshalers["json"],
+			conf:        Config{Log: true},
+		}
+		v := c.genValue("1")
+		assert.Equal(t, errMissingUnmarshalerType, v.err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("supported template string type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &configCenter[string]{
+			unmarshaler: registry.unmarshalers["json"],
+			conf:        Config{Log: true},
+		}
+		v := c.genValue("12345")
+		assert.NoError(t, v.err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "12345", v.data)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unmarshal fail", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &configCenter[struct {
+			Name string `json:"name"`
+		}]{
+			unmarshaler: registry.unmarshalers["json"],
+			conf:        Config{Log: true},
+		}
+		v := c.genValue(`{"name":"new name}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, `{"name":"new name}`, v.data)
+		assert.Error(t, v.err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &configCenter[struct {
+			Name string `json:"name"`
+		}]{
+			unmarshaler: registry.unmarshalers["json"],
+			conf:        Config{Log: true},
+		}
+		v := c.genValue(`{"name":"new name"}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, `{"name":"new name"}`, v.data)
+		assert.Equal(t, "new name", v.marshalData.Name)
+		assert.NoError(t, v.err)
+	})
+}
+
+type mockSubscriber struct {
+	v              string
+	lisErr, valErr error
+	listener       func()
+}
+
+func (m *mockSubscriber) AddListener(listener func()) error {
+	m.listener = listener
+	return m.lisErr
+}
+
+func (m *mockSubscriber) Value() (string, error) {
+	return m.v, m.valErr
+}
+
+func (m *mockSubscriber) change() {
+	if m.listener != nil {
+		m.listener()
+	}
+}

core/configcenter/subscriber/etcd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package subscriber
+
+import (
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/discov"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
+)
+
+type (
+	// etcdSubscriber is a subscriber that subscribes to etcd.
+	etcdSubscriber struct {
+		*discov.Subscriber
+	}
+
+	// EtcdConf is the configuration for etcd.
+	EtcdConf = discov.EtcdConf
+)
+
+// MustNewEtcdSubscriber returns an etcd Subscriber, exits on errors.
+func MustNewEtcdSubscriber(conf EtcdConf) Subscriber {
+	s, err := NewEtcdSubscriber(conf)
+	logx.Must(err)
+	return s
+}
+
+// NewEtcdSubscriber returns an etcd Subscriber.
+func NewEtcdSubscriber(conf EtcdConf) (Subscriber, error) {
+	opts := buildSubOptions(conf)
+	s, err := discov.NewSubscriber(conf.Hosts, conf.Key, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &etcdSubscriber{Subscriber: s}, nil
+}
+
+// buildSubOptions constructs the options for creating a new etcd subscriber.
+func buildSubOptions(conf EtcdConf) []discov.SubOption {
+	opts := []discov.SubOption{
+		discov.WithExactMatch(),
+	}
+
+	if len(conf.User) > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, discov.WithSubEtcdAccount(conf.User, conf.Pass))
+	}
+	if len(conf.CertFile) > 0 || len(conf.CertKeyFile) > 0 || len(conf.CACertFile) > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, discov.WithSubEtcdTLS(conf.CertFile, conf.CertKeyFile,
+			conf.CACertFile, conf.InsecureSkipVerify))
+	}
+
+	return opts
+}
+
+// AddListener adds a listener to the subscriber.
+func (s *etcdSubscriber) AddListener(listener func()) error {
+	s.Subscriber.AddListener(listener)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Value returns the value of the subscriber.
+func (s *etcdSubscriber) Value() (string, error) {
+	vs := s.Subscriber.Values()
+	if len(vs) > 0 {
+		return vs[len(vs)-1], nil
+	}
+
+	return "", nil
+}

core/configcenter/subscriber/subscriber.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package subscriber
+
+// Subscriber is the interface for configcenter subscribers.
+type Subscriber interface {
+	// AddListener adds a listener to the subscriber.
+	AddListener(listener func()) error
+	// Value returns the value of the subscriber.
+	Value() (string, error)
+}

core/configcenter/unmarshaler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package configurator
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/conf"
+)
+
+var registry = &unmarshalerRegistry{
+	unmarshalers: map[string]LoaderFn{
+		"json": conf.LoadFromJsonBytes,
+		"toml": conf.LoadFromTomlBytes,
+		"yaml": conf.LoadFromYamlBytes,
+	},
+}
+
+type (
+	// LoaderFn is the function type for loading configuration.
+	LoaderFn func([]byte, any) error
+
+	// unmarshalerRegistry is the registry for unmarshalers.
+	unmarshalerRegistry struct {
+		unmarshalers map[string]LoaderFn
+		mu           sync.RWMutex
+	}
+)
+
+// RegisterUnmarshaler registers an unmarshaler.
+func RegisterUnmarshaler(name string, fn LoaderFn) {
+	registry.mu.Lock()
+	defer registry.mu.Unlock()
+	registry.unmarshalers[name] = fn
+}
+
+// Unmarshaler returns the unmarshaler by name.
+func Unmarshaler(name string) (LoaderFn, bool) {
+	registry.mu.RLock()
+	defer registry.mu.RUnlock()
+	fn, ok := registry.unmarshalers[name]
+	return fn, ok
+}

core/configcenter/unmarshaler_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package configurator
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestRegisterUnmarshaler(t *testing.T) {
+	RegisterUnmarshaler("test", func(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	_, ok := Unmarshaler("test")
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	_, ok = Unmarshaler("test2")
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+
+	_, ok = Unmarshaler("json")
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	_, ok = Unmarshaler("toml")
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	_, ok = Unmarshaler("yaml")
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+}

core/contextx/unmarshaler.go

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ type contextValuer struct {
 	context.Context
 }
 
-func (cv contextValuer) Value(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (cv contextValuer) Value(key string) (any, bool) {
 	v := cv.Context.Value(key)
 	return v, v != nil
 }
 
 // For unmarshals ctx into v.
-func For(ctx context.Context, v interface{}) error {
+func For(ctx context.Context, v any) error {
 	return unmarshaler.UnmarshalValuer(contextValuer{
 		Context: ctx,
 	}, v)

core/discov/config.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ var (
 type EtcdConf struct {
 	Hosts              []string
 	Key                string
+	ID                 int64  `json:",optional"`
 	User               string `json:",optional"`
 	Pass               string `json:",optional"`
 	CertFile           string `json:",optional"`
@@ -26,6 +27,11 @@ func (c EtcdConf) HasAccount() bool {
 	return len(c.User) > 0 && len(c.Pass) > 0
 }
 
+// HasID returns if ID provided.
+func (c EtcdConf) HasID() bool {
+	return c.ID > 0
+}
+
 // HasTLS returns if TLS CertFile/CertKeyFile/CACertFile are provided.
 func (c EtcdConf) HasTLS() bool {
 	return len(c.CertFile) > 0 && len(c.CertKeyFile) > 0 && len(c.CACertFile) > 0

core/discov/config_test.go

@@ -80,3 +80,90 @@ func TestEtcdConf_HasAccount(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, test.hasAccount, test.EtcdConf.HasAccount())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEtcdConf_HasID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		EtcdConf
+		hasServerID bool
+	}{
+		{
+			EtcdConf: EtcdConf{
+				Hosts: []string{"any"},
+				ID:    -1,
+			},
+			hasServerID: false,
+		},
+		{
+			EtcdConf: EtcdConf{
+				Hosts: []string{"any"},
+				ID:    0,
+			},
+			hasServerID: false,
+		},
+		{
+			EtcdConf: EtcdConf{
+				Hosts: []string{"any"},
+				ID:    10000,
+			},
+			hasServerID: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(t, test.hasServerID, test.EtcdConf.HasID())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEtcdConf_HasTLS(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		conf EtcdConf
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty config",
+			conf: EtcdConf{},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing CertFile",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertKeyFile: "key",
+				CACertFile:  "ca",
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing CertKeyFile",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertFile:   "cert",
+				CACertFile: "ca",
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing CACertFile",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertFile:    "cert",
+				CertKeyFile: "key",
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid config",
+			conf: EtcdConf{
+				CertFile:    "cert",
+				CertKeyFile: "key",
+				CACertFile:  "ca",
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := tt.conf.HasTLS()
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

core/discov/internal/accountmanager.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package internal
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 )
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func AddTLS(endpoints []string, certFile, certKeyFile, caFile string, insecureSk
 		return err
 	}
 
-	caData, err := ioutil.ReadFile(caFile)
+	caData, err := os.ReadFile(caFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/discov/internal/accountmanager_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,85 @@
 package internal
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
 )
 
+const (
+	certContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+	keyContent = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`
+	caContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDbTCCAlWgAwIBAgIUBJvFoCowKich7MMfseJ+DYzzirowDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEM
+BQAwRTELMAkGA1UEBhMCQVUxEzARBgNVBAgMClNvbWUtU3RhdGUxITAfBgNVBAoM
+GEludGVybmV0IFdpZGdpdHMgUHR5IEx0ZDAgFw0yMzAzMTExMzIxMDNaGA8yMTIz
+MDIxNTEzMjEwM1owRTELMAkGA1UEBhMCQVUxEzARBgNVBAgMClNvbWUtU3RhdGUx
+ITAfBgNVBAoMGEludGVybmV0IFdpZGdpdHMgUHR5IEx0ZDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN
+AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAO4to2YMYj0bxgr2FCiweSTSFuPx33zSw2x/s9Wf
+OR41bm2DFsyYT5f3sOIKlXZEdLmOKty2e3ho3yC0EyNpVHdykkkHT3aDI17quZax
+kYi/URqqtl1Z08A22txolc04hAZisg2BypGi3vql81UW1t3zyloGnJoIAeXR9uca
+ljP6Bk3bwsxoVBLi1JtHrO0hHLQaeHmKhAyrys06X0LRdn7Px48yRZlt6FaLSa8X
+YiRM0G44bVy/h6BkoQjMYGwVmCVk6zjJ9U7ZPFqdnDMNxAfR+hjDnYodqdLDMTTR
+1NPVrnEnNwFx0AMLvgt/ba/45vZCEAmSZnFXFAJJcM7ai9ECAwEAAaNTMFEwHQYD
+VR0OBBYEFHlvMPKZoZ3G0YE7JePJOP+8J38fMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFHlvMPKZoZ3G
+0YE7JePJOP+8J38fMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQADggEB
+AMX8dNulADOo9uQgBMyFb9TVra7iY0zZjzv4GY5XY7scd52n6CnfAPvYBBDnTr/O
+BgNp5jaujb4+9u/2qhV3f9n+/3WOb2CmPehBgVSzlXqHeQ9lshmgwZPeem2T+8Tm
+Nnc/xQnsUfCFszUDxpkr55+aLVM22j02RWqcZ4q7TAaVYL+kdFVMc8FoqG/0ro6A
+BjE/Qn0Nn7ciX1VUjDt8l+k7ummPJTmzdi6i6E4AwO9dzrGNgGJ4aWL8cC6xYcIX
+goVIRTFeONXSDno/oPjWHpIPt7L15heMpKBHNuzPkKx2YVqPHE5QZxWfS+Lzgx+Q
+E2oTTM0rYKOZ8p6000mhvKI=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+)
+
 func TestAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	endpoints := []string{
 		"192.168.0.2:2379",
@@ -32,3 +105,34 @@ func TestAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, username, account.User)
 	assert.Equal(t, anotherPassword, account.Pass)
 }
+
+func TestTLSMethods(t *testing.T) {
+	certFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(certContent))
+	defer os.Remove(certFile)
+	keyFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(keyContent))
+	defer os.Remove(keyFile)
+	caFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(caContent))
+	defer os.Remove(caFile)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, AddTLS([]string{"foo"}, certFile, keyFile, caFile, false))
+	cfg, ok := GetTLS([]string{"foo"})
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+	assert.Error(t, AddTLS([]string{"bar"}, "bad-file", keyFile, caFile, false))
+	assert.Error(t, AddTLS([]string{"bar"}, certFile, keyFile, "bad-file", false))
+}
+
+func createTempFile(t *testing.T, body []byte) string {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-unit-*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tmpFile.Close()
+	if err = os.WriteFile(tmpFile.Name(), body, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return tmpFile.Name()
+}

core/discov/internal/etcdclient_mock.go

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: etcdclient.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package internal -destination etcdclient_mock.go -source etcdclient.go EtcdClient
+//
 
 // Package internal is a generated GoMock package.
 package internal
@@ -8,35 +13,36 @@ import (
 	context "context"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
 )
 
-// MockEtcdClient is a mock of EtcdClient interface
+// MockEtcdClient is a mock of EtcdClient interface.
 type MockEtcdClient struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
-// MockEtcdClientMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockEtcdClient
+// MockEtcdClientMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockEtcdClient.
 type MockEtcdClientMockRecorder struct {
 	mock *MockEtcdClient
 }
 
-// NewMockEtcdClient creates a new mock instance
+// NewMockEtcdClient creates a new mock instance.
 func NewMockEtcdClient(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockEtcdClient {
 	mock := &MockEtcdClient{ctrl: ctrl}
 	mock.recorder = &MockEtcdClientMockRecorder{mock}
 	return mock
 }
 
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use
+// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) EXPECT() *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }
 
-// ActiveConnection mocks base method
+// ActiveConnection mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) ActiveConnection() *grpc.ClientConn {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ActiveConnection")
@@ -44,13 +50,13 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) ActiveConnection() *grpc.ClientConn {
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// ActiveConnection indicates an expected call of ActiveConnection
+// ActiveConnection indicates an expected call of ActiveConnection.
 func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) ActiveConnection() *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ActiveConnection", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).ActiveConnection))
 }
 
-// Close mocks base method
+// Close mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Close() error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Close")
@@ -58,13 +64,13 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Close() error {
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// Close indicates an expected call of Close
+// Close indicates an expected call of Close.
 func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Close() *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Close", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Close))
 }
 
-// Ctx mocks base method
+// Ctx mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Ctx() context.Context {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Ctx")
@@ -72,16 +78,16 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Ctx() context.Context {
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// Ctx indicates an expected call of Ctx
+// Ctx indicates an expected call of Ctx.
 func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Ctx() *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Ctx", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Ctx))
 }
 
-// Get mocks base method
+// Get mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3.OpOption) (*clientv3.GetResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{ctx, key}
+	varargs := []any{ctx, key}
 	for _, a := range opts {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -91,14 +97,14 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Get(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3.O
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// Get indicates an expected call of Get
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Get(ctx, key interface{}, opts ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// Get indicates an expected call of Get.
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Get(ctx, key any, opts ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{ctx, key}, opts...)
+	varargs := append([]any{ctx, key}, opts...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Get", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Get), varargs...)
 }
 
-// Grant mocks base method
+// Grant mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Grant(ctx context.Context, ttl int64) (*clientv3.LeaseGrantResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Grant", ctx, ttl)
@@ -107,13 +113,13 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Grant(ctx context.Context, ttl int64) (*clientv3.LeaseG
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// Grant indicates an expected call of Grant
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Grant(ctx, ttl interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// Grant indicates an expected call of Grant.
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Grant(ctx, ttl any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Grant", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Grant), ctx, ttl)
 }
 
-// KeepAlive mocks base method
+// KeepAlive mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) KeepAlive(ctx context.Context, id clientv3.LeaseID) (<-chan *clientv3.LeaseKeepAliveResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "KeepAlive", ctx, id)
@@ -122,16 +128,16 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) KeepAlive(ctx context.Context, id clientv3.LeaseID) (<-
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// KeepAlive indicates an expected call of KeepAlive
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) KeepAlive(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// KeepAlive indicates an expected call of KeepAlive.
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) KeepAlive(ctx, id any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "KeepAlive", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).KeepAlive), ctx, id)
 }
 
-// Put mocks base method
+// Put mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Put(ctx context.Context, key, val string, opts ...clientv3.OpOption) (*clientv3.PutResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{ctx, key, val}
+	varargs := []any{ctx, key, val}
 	for _, a := range opts {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -141,14 +147,14 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Put(ctx context.Context, key, val string, opts ...clien
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// Put indicates an expected call of Put
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Put(ctx, key, val interface{}, opts ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// Put indicates an expected call of Put.
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Put(ctx, key, val any, opts ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{ctx, key, val}, opts...)
+	varargs := append([]any{ctx, key, val}, opts...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Put", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Put), varargs...)
 }
 
-// Revoke mocks base method
+// Revoke mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Revoke(ctx context.Context, id clientv3.LeaseID) (*clientv3.LeaseRevokeResponse, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Revoke", ctx, id)
@@ -157,16 +163,16 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Revoke(ctx context.Context, id clientv3.LeaseID) (*clie
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// Revoke indicates an expected call of Revoke
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Revoke(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// Revoke indicates an expected call of Revoke.
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Revoke(ctx, id any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Revoke", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Revoke), ctx, id)
 }
 
-// Watch mocks base method
+// Watch mocks base method.
 func (m *MockEtcdClient) Watch(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3.OpOption) clientv3.WatchChan {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{ctx, key}
+	varargs := []any{ctx, key}
 	for _, a := range opts {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -175,9 +181,9 @@ func (m *MockEtcdClient) Watch(ctx context.Context, key string, opts ...clientv3
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// Watch indicates an expected call of Watch
-func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Watch(ctx, key interface{}, opts ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// Watch indicates an expected call of Watch.
+func (mr *MockEtcdClientMockRecorder) Watch(ctx, key any, opts ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{ctx, key}, opts...)
+	varargs := append([]any{ctx, key}, opts...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Watch", reflect.TypeOf((*MockEtcdClient)(nil).Watch), varargs...)
 }

core/discov/internal/registry.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"sort"
@@ -9,25 +10,30 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/contextx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
-	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logc"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/mathx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/syncx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/threading"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
 )
 
+const coolDownDeviation = 0.05
+
 var (
 	registry = Registry{
 		clusters: make(map[string]*cluster),
 	}
-	connManager = syncx.NewResourceManager()
+	connManager      = syncx.NewResourceManager()
+	coolDownUnstable = mathx.NewUnstable(coolDownDeviation)
+	errClosed        = errors.New("etcd monitor chan has been closed")
 )
 
 // A Registry is a registry that manages the etcd client connections.
 type Registry struct {
 	clusters map[string]*cluster
-	lock     sync.Mutex
+	lock     sync.RWMutex
 }
 
 // GetRegistry returns a global Registry.
@@ -37,60 +43,148 @@ func GetRegistry() *Registry {
 
 // GetConn returns an etcd client connection associated with given endpoints.
 func (r *Registry) GetConn(endpoints []string) (EtcdClient, error) {
-	c, _ := r.getCluster(endpoints)
+	c, _ := r.getOrCreateCluster(endpoints)
 	return c.getClient()
 }
 
 // Monitor monitors the key on given etcd endpoints, notify with the given UpdateListener.
-func (r *Registry) Monitor(endpoints []string, key string, l UpdateListener) error {
-	c, exists := r.getCluster(endpoints)
+func (r *Registry) Monitor(endpoints []string, key string, exactMatch bool, l UpdateListener) error {
+	wkey := watchKey{
+		key:        key,
+		exactMatch: exactMatch,
+	}
+
+	c, exists := r.getOrCreateCluster(endpoints)
 	// if exists, the existing values should be updated to the listener.
 	if exists {
-		kvs := c.getCurrent(key)
-		for _, kv := range kvs {
-			l.OnAdd(kv)
+		c.lock.Lock()
+		watcher, ok := c.watchers[wkey]
+		if ok {
+			watcher.listeners = append(watcher.listeners, l)
+		}
+		c.lock.Unlock()
+
+		if ok {
+			kvs := c.getCurrent(wkey)
+			for _, kv := range kvs {
+				l.OnAdd(kv)
+			}
+
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
-	return c.monitor(key, l)
+	return c.monitor(wkey, l)
 }
 
-func (r *Registry) getCluster(endpoints []string) (c *cluster, exists bool) {
-	clusterKey := getClusterKey(endpoints)
-	r.lock.Lock()
-	defer r.lock.Unlock()
-	c, exists = r.clusters[clusterKey]
+func (r *Registry) Unmonitor(endpoints []string, key string, exactMatch bool, l UpdateListener) {
+	c, exists := r.getCluster(endpoints)
 	if !exists {
-		c = newCluster(endpoints)
-		r.clusters[clusterKey] = c
+		return
+	}
+
+	wkey := watchKey{
+		key:        key,
+		exactMatch: exactMatch,
+	}
+
+	c.lock.Lock()
+	defer c.lock.Unlock()
+
+	watcher, ok := c.watchers[wkey]
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for i, listener := range watcher.listeners {
+		if listener == l {
+			watcher.listeners = append(watcher.listeners[:i], watcher.listeners[i+1:]...)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(watcher.listeners) == 0 {
+		if watcher.cancel != nil {
+			watcher.cancel()
+		}
+		delete(c.watchers, wkey)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) getCluster(endpoints []string) (*cluster, bool) {
+	clusterKey := getClusterKey(endpoints)
+
+	r.lock.RLock()
+	c, ok := r.clusters[clusterKey]
+	r.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	return c, ok
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) getOrCreateCluster(endpoints []string) (c *cluster, exists bool) {
+	c, exists = r.getCluster(endpoints)
+	if !exists {
+		clusterKey := getClusterKey(endpoints)
+
+		r.lock.Lock()
+		defer r.lock.Unlock()
+
+		// double-check locking
+		c, exists = r.clusters[clusterKey]
+		if !exists {
+			c = newCluster(endpoints)
+			r.clusters[clusterKey] = c
+		}
 	}
 
 	return
 }
 
-type cluster struct {
-	endpoints  []string
-	key        string
-	values     map[string]map[string]string
-	listeners  map[string][]UpdateListener
-	watchGroup *threading.RoutineGroup
-	done       chan lang.PlaceholderType
-	lock       sync.Mutex
-}
+type (
+	watchKey struct {
+		key        string
+		exactMatch bool
+	}
+
+	watchValue struct {
+		listeners []UpdateListener
+		values    map[string]string
+		cancel    context.CancelFunc
+	}
+
+	cluster struct {
+		endpoints  []string
+		key        string
+		watchers   map[watchKey]*watchValue
+		watchGroup *threading.RoutineGroup
+		done       chan lang.PlaceholderType
+		lock       sync.RWMutex
+	}
+)
 
 func newCluster(endpoints []string) *cluster {
 	return &cluster{
 		endpoints:  endpoints,
 		key:        getClusterKey(endpoints),
-		values:     make(map[string]map[string]string),
-		listeners:  make(map[string][]UpdateListener),
+		watchers:   make(map[watchKey]*watchValue),
 		watchGroup: threading.NewRoutineGroup(),
 		done:       make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) context(cli EtcdClient) context.Context {
-	return contextx.ValueOnlyFrom(cli.Ctx())
+func (c *cluster) addListener(key watchKey, l UpdateListener) {
+	c.lock.Lock()
+	defer c.lock.Unlock()
+
+	watcher, ok := c.watchers[key]
+	if ok {
+		watcher.listeners = append(watcher.listeners, l)
+		return
+	}
+
+	val := newWatchValue()
+	val.listeners = []UpdateListener{l}
+	c.watchers[key] = val
 }
 
 func (c *cluster) getClient() (EtcdClient, error) {
@@ -104,12 +198,17 @@ func (c *cluster) getClient() (EtcdClient, error) {
 	return val.(EtcdClient), nil
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) getCurrent(key string) []KV {
-	c.lock.Lock()
-	defer c.lock.Unlock()
+func (c *cluster) getCurrent(key watchKey) []KV {
+	c.lock.RLock()
+	defer c.lock.RUnlock()
 
-	var kvs []KV
-	for k, v := range c.values[key] {
+	watcher, ok := c.watchers[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	kvs := make([]KV, 0, len(watcher.values))
+	for k, v := range watcher.values {
 		kvs = append(kvs, KV{
 			Key: k,
 			Val: v,
@@ -119,42 +218,23 @@ func (c *cluster) getCurrent(key string) []KV {
 	return kvs
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) handleChanges(key string, kvs []KV) {
-	var add []KV
-	var remove []KV
+func (c *cluster) handleChanges(key watchKey, kvs []KV) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
-	listeners := append([]UpdateListener(nil), c.listeners[key]...)
-	vals, ok := c.values[key]
+	watcher, ok := c.watchers[key]
 	if !ok {
-		add = kvs
-		vals = make(map[string]string)
-		for _, kv := range kvs {
-			vals[kv.Key] = kv.Val
-		}
-		c.values[key] = vals
-	} else {
-		m := make(map[string]string)
-		for _, kv := range kvs {
-			m[kv.Key] = kv.Val
-		}
-		for k, v := range vals {
-			if val, ok := m[k]; !ok || v != val {
-				remove = append(remove, KV{
-					Key: k,
-					Val: v,
-				})
-			}
-		}
-		for k, v := range m {
-			if val, ok := vals[k]; !ok || v != val {
-				add = append(add, KV{
-					Key: k,
-					Val: v,
-				})
-			}
-		}
-		c.values[key] = m
+		c.lock.Unlock()
+		return
 	}
+
+	listeners := append([]UpdateListener(nil), watcher.listeners...)
+	// watcher.values cannot be nil
+	vals := watcher.values
+	newVals := make(map[string]string, len(kvs)+len(vals))
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		newVals[kv.Key] = kv.Val
+	}
+	add, remove := calculateChanges(vals, newVals)
+	watcher.values = newVals
 	c.lock.Unlock()
 
 	for _, kv := range add {
@@ -169,20 +249,22 @@ func (c *cluster) handleChanges(key string, kvs []KV) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) handleWatchEvents(key string, events []*clientv3.Event) {
-	c.lock.Lock()
-	listeners := append([]UpdateListener(nil), c.listeners[key]...)
-	c.lock.Unlock()
+func (c *cluster) handleWatchEvents(ctx context.Context, key watchKey, events []*clientv3.Event) {
+	c.lock.RLock()
+	watcher, ok := c.watchers[key]
+	if !ok {
+		c.lock.RUnlock()
+		return
+	}
+
+	listeners := append([]UpdateListener(nil), watcher.listeners...)
+	c.lock.RUnlock()
 
 	for _, ev := range events {
 		switch ev.Type {
 		case clientv3.EventTypePut:
 			c.lock.Lock()
-			if vals, ok := c.values[key]; ok {
-				vals[string(ev.Kv.Key)] = string(ev.Kv.Value)
-			} else {
-				c.values[key] = map[string]string{string(ev.Kv.Key): string(ev.Kv.Value)}
-			}
+			watcher.values[string(ev.Kv.Key)] = string(ev.Kv.Value)
 			c.lock.Unlock()
 			for _, l := range listeners {
 				l.OnAdd(KV{
@@ -191,9 +273,9 @@ func (c *cluster) handleWatchEvents(key string, events []*clientv3.Event) {
 				})
 			}
 		case clientv3.EventTypeDelete:
-			if vals, ok := c.values[key]; ok {
-				delete(vals, string(ev.Kv.Key))
-			}
+			c.lock.Lock()
+			delete(watcher.values, string(ev.Kv.Key))
+			c.lock.Unlock()
 			for _, l := range listeners {
 				l.OnDelete(KV{
 					Key: string(ev.Kv.Key),
@@ -201,27 +283,32 @@ func (c *cluster) handleWatchEvents(key string, events []*clientv3.Event) {
 				})
 			}
 		default:
-			logx.Errorf("Unknown event type: %v", ev.Type)
+			logc.Errorf(ctx, "Unknown event type: %v", ev.Type)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) load(cli EtcdClient, key string) {
+func (c *cluster) load(cli EtcdClient, key watchKey) int64 {
 	var resp *clientv3.GetResponse
 	for {
 		var err error
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.context(cli), RequestTimeout)
-		resp, err = cli.Get(ctx, makeKeyPrefix(key), clientv3.WithPrefix())
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(cli.Ctx(), RequestTimeout)
+		if key.exactMatch {
+			resp, err = cli.Get(ctx, key.key)
+		} else {
+			resp, err = cli.Get(ctx, makeKeyPrefix(key.key), clientv3.WithPrefix())
+		}
+
 		cancel()
 		if err == nil {
 			break
 		}
 
-		logx.Error(err)
-		time.Sleep(coolDownInterval)
+		logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "%s, key: %s, exactMatch: %t", err.Error(), key.key, key.exactMatch)
+		time.Sleep(coolDownUnstable.AroundDuration(coolDownInterval))
 	}
 
-	var kvs []KV
+	kvs := make([]KV, 0, len(resp.Kvs))
 	for _, ev := range resp.Kvs {
 		kvs = append(kvs, KV{
 			Key: string(ev.Key),
@@ -230,21 +317,20 @@ func (c *cluster) load(cli EtcdClient, key string) {
 	}
 
 	c.handleChanges(key, kvs)
+
+	return resp.Header.Revision
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) monitor(key string, l UpdateListener) error {
-	c.lock.Lock()
-	c.listeners[key] = append(c.listeners[key], l)
-	c.lock.Unlock()
-
+func (c *cluster) monitor(key watchKey, l UpdateListener) error {
 	cli, err := c.getClient()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	c.load(cli, key)
+	c.addListener(key, l)
+	rev := c.load(cli, key)
 	c.watchGroup.Run(func() {
-		c.watch(cli, key)
+		c.watch(cli, key, rev)
 	})
 
 	return nil
@@ -263,58 +349,105 @@ func (c *cluster) newClient() (EtcdClient, error) {
 
 func (c *cluster) reload(cli EtcdClient) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
+	// cancel the previous watches
 	close(c.done)
 	c.watchGroup.Wait()
+	keys := make([]watchKey, 0, len(c.watchers))
+	for wk, wval := range c.watchers {
+		keys = append(keys, wk)
+		if wval.cancel != nil {
+			wval.cancel()
+		}
+	}
+
 	c.done = make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
 	c.watchGroup = threading.NewRoutineGroup()
-	var keys []string
-	for k := range c.listeners {
-		keys = append(keys, k)
-	}
 	c.lock.Unlock()
 
+	// start new watches
 	for _, key := range keys {
 		k := key
 		c.watchGroup.Run(func() {
-			c.load(cli, k)
-			c.watch(cli, k)
+			rev := c.load(cli, k)
+			c.watch(cli, k, rev)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) watch(cli EtcdClient, key string) {
+func (c *cluster) watch(cli EtcdClient, key watchKey, rev int64) {
 	for {
-		if c.watchStream(cli, key) {
+		err := c.watchStream(cli, key, rev)
+		if err == nil {
 			return
 		}
+
+		if rev != 0 && errors.Is(err, rpctypes.ErrCompacted) {
+			logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd watch stream has been compacted, try to reload, rev %d", rev)
+			rev = c.load(cli, key)
+		}
+
+		// log the error and retry
+		logc.Error(cli.Ctx(), err)
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *cluster) watchStream(cli EtcdClient, key string) bool {
-	rch := cli.Watch(clientv3.WithRequireLeader(c.context(cli)), makeKeyPrefix(key), clientv3.WithPrefix())
+func (c *cluster) watchStream(cli EtcdClient, key watchKey, rev int64) error {
+	ctx, rch := c.setupWatch(cli, key, rev)
+
 	for {
 		select {
 		case wresp, ok := <-rch:
 			if !ok {
-				logx.Error("etcd monitor chan has been closed")
-				return false
+				return errClosed
 			}
 			if wresp.Canceled {
-				logx.Errorf("etcd monitor chan has been canceled, error: %v", wresp.Err())
-				return false
+				return fmt.Errorf("etcd monitor chan has been canceled, error: %w", wresp.Err())
 			}
 			if wresp.Err() != nil {
-				logx.Error(fmt.Sprintf("etcd monitor chan error: %v", wresp.Err()))
-				return false
+				return fmt.Errorf("etcd monitor chan error: %w", wresp.Err())
 			}
 
-			c.handleWatchEvents(key, wresp.Events)
+			c.handleWatchEvents(ctx, key, wresp.Events)
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil
 		case <-c.done:
-			return true
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *cluster) setupWatch(cli EtcdClient, key watchKey, rev int64) (context.Context, clientv3.WatchChan) {
+	var (
+		rch  clientv3.WatchChan
+		ops  []clientv3.OpOption
+		wkey = key.key
+	)
+
+	if !key.exactMatch {
+		wkey = makeKeyPrefix(key.key)
+		ops = append(ops, clientv3.WithPrefix())
+	}
+	if rev != 0 {
+		ops = append(ops, clientv3.WithRev(rev+1))
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cli.Ctx())
+	if watcher, ok := c.watchers[key]; ok {
+		watcher.cancel = cancel
+	} else {
+		val := newWatchValue()
+		val.cancel = cancel
+
+		c.lock.Lock()
+		c.watchers[key] = val
+		c.lock.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	rch = cli.Watch(clientv3.WithRequireLeader(ctx), wkey, ops...)
+
+	return ctx, rch
+}
+
 func (c *cluster) watchConnState(cli EtcdClient) {
 	watcher := newStateWatcher()
 	watcher.addListener(func() {
@@ -326,12 +459,11 @@ func (c *cluster) watchConnState(cli EtcdClient) {
 // DialClient dials an etcd cluster with given endpoints.
 func DialClient(endpoints []string) (EtcdClient, error) {
 	cfg := clientv3.Config{
-		Endpoints:            endpoints,
-		AutoSyncInterval:     autoSyncInterval,
-		DialTimeout:          DialTimeout,
-		DialKeepAliveTime:    dialKeepAliveTime,
-		DialKeepAliveTimeout: DialTimeout,
-		RejectOldCluster:     true,
+		Endpoints:           endpoints,
+		AutoSyncInterval:    autoSyncInterval,
+		DialTimeout:         DialTimeout,
+		RejectOldCluster:    true,
+		PermitWithoutStream: true,
 	}
 	if account, ok := GetAccount(endpoints); ok {
 		cfg.Username = account.User
@@ -344,6 +476,28 @@ func DialClient(endpoints []string) (EtcdClient, error) {
 	return clientv3.New(cfg)
 }
 
+func calculateChanges(oldVals, newVals map[string]string) (add, remove []KV) {
+	for k, v := range newVals {
+		if val, ok := oldVals[k]; !ok || v != val {
+			add = append(add, KV{
+				Key: k,
+				Val: v,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range oldVals {
+		if val, ok := newVals[k]; !ok || v != val {
+			remove = append(remove, KV{
+				Key: k,
+				Val: v,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	return add, remove
+}
+
 func getClusterKey(endpoints []string) string {
 	sort.Strings(endpoints)
 	return strings.Join(endpoints, endpointsSeparator)
@@ -352,3 +506,10 @@ func getClusterKey(endpoints []string) string {
 func makeKeyPrefix(key string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%c", key, Delimiter)
 }
+
+// NewClient returns a watchValue that make sure values are not nil.
+func newWatchValue() *watchValue {
+	return &watchValue{
+		values: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+}

core/discov/internal/registry_test.go

@@ -2,17 +2,22 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/contextx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/threading"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/mvccpb"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/mock/mockserver"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 var mockLock sync.Mutex
@@ -34,9 +39,9 @@ func setMockClient(cli EtcdClient) func() {
 
 func TestGetCluster(t *testing.T) {
 	AddAccount([]string{"first"}, "foo", "bar")
-	c1, _ := GetRegistry().getCluster([]string{"first"})
-	c2, _ := GetRegistry().getCluster([]string{"second"})
-	c3, _ := GetRegistry().getCluster([]string{"first"})
+	c1, _ := GetRegistry().getOrCreateCluster([]string{"first"})
+	c2, _ := GetRegistry().getOrCreateCluster([]string{"second"})
+	c3, _ := GetRegistry().getOrCreateCluster([]string{"first"})
 	assert.Equal(t, c1, c3)
 	assert.NotEqual(t, c1, c2)
 }
@@ -46,6 +51,36 @@ func TestGetClusterKey(t *testing.T) {
 		getClusterKey([]string{"remotehost:5678", "localhost:1234"}))
 }
 
+func TestUnmonitor(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no listener", func(t *testing.T) {
+		reg := &Registry{
+			clusters: map[string]*cluster{},
+		}
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			reg.Unmonitor([]string{"any"}, "any", false, nil)
+		})
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		reg := &Registry{
+			clusters: map[string]*cluster{
+				"any": {
+					watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+						{
+							key: "any",
+						}: {
+							values: map[string]string{},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			reg.Unmonitor([]string{"any"}, "another", false, nil)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
 func TestCluster_HandleChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	l := NewMockUpdateListener(ctrl)
@@ -74,8 +109,14 @@ func TestCluster_HandleChanges(t *testing.T) {
 		Val: "4",
 	})
 	c := newCluster([]string{"any"})
-	c.listeners["any"] = []UpdateListener{l}
-	c.handleChanges("any", []KV{
+	key := watchKey{
+		key:        "any",
+		exactMatch: false,
+	}
+	c.watchers[key] = &watchValue{
+		listeners: []UpdateListener{l},
+	}
+	c.handleChanges(key, []KV{
 		{
 			Key: "first",
 			Val: "1",
@@ -88,8 +129,8 @@ func TestCluster_HandleChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, map[string]string{
 		"first":  "1",
 		"second": "2",
-	}, c.values["any"])
-	c.handleChanges("any", []KV{
+	}, c.watchers[key].values)
+	c.handleChanges(key, []KV{
 		{
 			Key: "third",
 			Val: "3",
@@ -102,7 +143,7 @@ func TestCluster_HandleChanges(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, map[string]string{
 		"third":  "3",
 		"fourth": "4",
-	}, c.values["any"])
+	}, c.watchers[key].values)
 }
 
 func TestCluster_Load(t *testing.T) {
@@ -112,6 +153,7 @@ func TestCluster_Load(t *testing.T) {
 	restore := setMockClient(cli)
 	defer restore()
 	cli.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Any(), "any/", gomock.Any()).Return(&clientv3.GetResponse{
+		Header: &etcdserverpb.ResponseHeader{},
 		Kvs: []*mvccpb.KeyValue{
 			{
 				Key:   []byte("hello"),
@@ -121,9 +163,11 @@ func TestCluster_Load(t *testing.T) {
 	}, nil)
 	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().Return(context.Background())
 	c := &cluster{
-		values: make(map[string]map[string]string),
+		watchers: make(map[watchKey]*watchValue),
 	}
-	c.load(cli, "any")
+	c.load(cli, watchKey{
+		key: "any",
+	})
 }
 
 func TestCluster_Watch(t *testing.T) {
@@ -155,20 +199,25 @@ func TestCluster_Watch(t *testing.T) {
 			var wg sync.WaitGroup
 			wg.Add(1)
 			c := &cluster{
-				listeners: make(map[string][]UpdateListener),
-				values:    make(map[string]map[string]string),
+				watchers: make(map[watchKey]*watchValue),
+			}
+			key := watchKey{
+				key: "any",
 			}
 			listener := NewMockUpdateListener(ctrl)
-			c.listeners["any"] = []UpdateListener{listener}
+			c.watchers[key] = &watchValue{
+				listeners: []UpdateListener{listener},
+				values:    make(map[string]string),
+			}
 			listener.EXPECT().OnAdd(gomock.Any()).Do(func(kv KV) {
 				assert.Equal(t, "hello", kv.Key)
 				assert.Equal(t, "world", kv.Val)
 				wg.Done()
 			}).MaxTimes(1)
-			listener.EXPECT().OnDelete(gomock.Any()).Do(func(_ interface{}) {
+			listener.EXPECT().OnDelete(gomock.Any()).Do(func(_ any) {
 				wg.Done()
 			}).MaxTimes(1)
-			go c.watch(cli, "any")
+			go c.watch(cli, key, 0)
 			ch <- clientv3.WatchResponse{
 				Events: []*clientv3.Event{
 					{
@@ -206,17 +255,111 @@ func TestClusterWatch_RespFailures(t *testing.T) {
 			ch := make(chan clientv3.WatchResponse)
 			cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), "any/", gomock.Any()).Return(ch).AnyTimes()
 			cli.EXPECT().Ctx().Return(context.Background()).AnyTimes()
-			c := new(cluster)
+			c := &cluster{
+				watchers: make(map[watchKey]*watchValue),
+			}
 			c.done = make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
 			go func() {
 				ch <- resp
 				close(c.done)
 			}()
-			c.watch(cli, "any")
+			key := watchKey{
+				key: "any",
+			}
+			c.watch(cli, key, 0)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCluster_getCurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &cluster{
+			watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+				{
+					key: "any",
+				}: {
+					values: map[string]string{},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.Nil(t, c.getCurrent(watchKey{
+			key: "another",
+		}))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCluster_handleWatchEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &cluster{
+			watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+				{
+					key: "any",
+				}: {
+					values: map[string]string{},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			c.handleWatchEvents(context.Background(), watchKey{
+				key: "another",
+			}, nil)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCluster_addListener(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("has listener", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &cluster{
+			watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+				{
+					key: "any",
+				}: {
+					listeners: make([]UpdateListener, 0),
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			c.addListener(watchKey{
+				key: "any",
+			}, nil)
+		})
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no listener", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := &cluster{
+			watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+				{
+					key: "any",
+				}: {
+					listeners: make([]UpdateListener, 0),
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			c.addListener(watchKey{
+				key: "another",
+			}, nil)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCluster_reload(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &cluster{
+		watchers:   map[watchKey]*watchValue{},
+		watchGroup: threading.NewRoutineGroup(),
+		done:       make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
+	}
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	cli := NewMockEtcdClient(ctrl)
+	restore := setMockClient(cli)
+	defer restore()
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		c.reload(cli)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestClusterWatch_CloseChan(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	defer ctrl.Finish()
@@ -226,13 +369,17 @@ func TestClusterWatch_CloseChan(t *testing.T) {
 	ch := make(chan clientv3.WatchResponse)
 	cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), "any/", gomock.Any()).Return(ch).AnyTimes()
 	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().Return(context.Background()).AnyTimes()
-	c := new(cluster)
+	c := &cluster{
+		watchers: make(map[watchKey]*watchValue),
+	}
 	c.done = make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
 	go func() {
 		close(ch)
 		close(c.done)
 	}()
-	c.watch(cli, "any")
+	c.watch(cli, watchKey{
+		key: "any",
+	}, 0)
 }
 
 func TestValueOnlyContext(t *testing.T) {
@@ -240,3 +387,101 @@ func TestValueOnlyContext(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx.Done()
 	assert.Nil(t, ctx.Err())
 }
+
+func TestDialClient(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, err := mockserver.StartMockServers(1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	svr.StartAt(0)
+
+	certFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(certContent))
+	defer os.Remove(certFile)
+	keyFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(keyContent))
+	defer os.Remove(keyFile)
+	caFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(caContent))
+	defer os.Remove(caFile)
+
+	endpoints := []string{svr.Servers[0].Address}
+	AddAccount(endpoints, "foo", "bar")
+	assert.NoError(t, AddTLS(endpoints, certFile, keyFile, caFile, false))
+
+	old := DialTimeout
+	DialTimeout = time.Millisecond
+	defer func() {
+		DialTimeout = old
+	}()
+	_, err = DialClient(endpoints)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRegistry_Monitor(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, err := mockserver.StartMockServers(1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	svr.StartAt(0)
+
+	endpoints := []string{svr.Servers[0].Address}
+	GetRegistry().lock.Lock()
+	GetRegistry().clusters = map[string]*cluster{
+		getClusterKey(endpoints): {
+			watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+				{
+					key:        "foo",
+					exactMatch: true,
+				}: {
+					values: map[string]string{
+						"bar": "baz",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	GetRegistry().lock.Unlock()
+	assert.Error(t, GetRegistry().Monitor(endpoints, "foo", false, new(mockListener)))
+}
+
+func TestRegistry_Unmonitor(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, err := mockserver.StartMockServers(1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	svr.StartAt(0)
+
+	_, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	endpoints := []string{svr.Servers[0].Address}
+	GetRegistry().lock.Lock()
+	GetRegistry().clusters = map[string]*cluster{
+		getClusterKey(endpoints): {
+			watchers: map[watchKey]*watchValue{
+				{
+					key:        "foo",
+					exactMatch: true,
+				}: {
+					values: map[string]string{
+						"bar": "baz",
+					},
+					cancel: cancel,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	GetRegistry().lock.Unlock()
+	l := new(mockListener)
+	assert.NoError(t, GetRegistry().Monitor(endpoints, "foo", true, l))
+	watchVals := GetRegistry().clusters[getClusterKey(endpoints)].watchers[watchKey{
+		key:        "foo",
+		exactMatch: true,
+	}]
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(watchVals.listeners))
+	GetRegistry().Unmonitor(endpoints, "foo", true, l)
+	watchVals = GetRegistry().clusters[getClusterKey(endpoints)].watchers[watchKey{
+		key:        "foo",
+		exactMatch: true,
+	}]
+	assert.Nil(t, watchVals)
+}
+
+type mockListener struct {
+}
+
+func (m *mockListener) OnAdd(_ KV) {
+}
+
+func (m *mockListener) OnDelete(_ KV) {
+}

core/discov/internal/statewatcher_mock.go

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: statewatcher.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package internal -destination statewatcher_mock.go -source statewatcher.go etcdConn
+//
 
 // Package internal is a generated GoMock package.
 package internal
@@ -8,34 +13,35 @@ import (
 	context "context"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	connectivity "google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
 )
 
-// MocketcdConn is a mock of etcdConn interface
+// MocketcdConn is a mock of etcdConn interface.
 type MocketcdConn struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MocketcdConnMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
-// MocketcdConnMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MocketcdConn
+// MocketcdConnMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MocketcdConn.
 type MocketcdConnMockRecorder struct {
 	mock *MocketcdConn
 }
 
-// NewMocketcdConn creates a new mock instance
+// NewMocketcdConn creates a new mock instance.
 func NewMocketcdConn(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MocketcdConn {
 	mock := &MocketcdConn{ctrl: ctrl}
 	mock.recorder = &MocketcdConnMockRecorder{mock}
 	return mock
 }
 
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use
+// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
 func (m *MocketcdConn) EXPECT() *MocketcdConnMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }
 
-// GetState mocks base method
+// GetState mocks base method.
 func (m *MocketcdConn) GetState() connectivity.State {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetState")
@@ -43,13 +49,13 @@ func (m *MocketcdConn) GetState() connectivity.State {
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// GetState indicates an expected call of GetState
+// GetState indicates an expected call of GetState.
 func (mr *MocketcdConnMockRecorder) GetState() *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetState", reflect.TypeOf((*MocketcdConn)(nil).GetState))
 }
 
-// WaitForStateChange mocks base method
+// WaitForStateChange mocks base method.
 func (m *MocketcdConn) WaitForStateChange(ctx context.Context, sourceState connectivity.State) bool {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "WaitForStateChange", ctx, sourceState)
@@ -57,8 +63,8 @@ func (m *MocketcdConn) WaitForStateChange(ctx context.Context, sourceState conne
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// WaitForStateChange indicates an expected call of WaitForStateChange
-func (mr *MocketcdConnMockRecorder) WaitForStateChange(ctx, sourceState interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// WaitForStateChange indicates an expected call of WaitForStateChange.
+func (mr *MocketcdConnMockRecorder) WaitForStateChange(ctx, sourceState any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "WaitForStateChange", reflect.TypeOf((*MocketcdConn)(nil).WaitForStateChange), ctx, sourceState)
 }

core/discov/internal/statewatcher_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
 )
 

core/discov/internal/updatelistener.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ type (
 	}
 
 	// UpdateListener wraps the OnAdd and OnDelete methods.
+	// The implementation should be thread-safe and idempotent.
 	UpdateListener interface {
 		OnAdd(kv KV)
 		OnDelete(kv KV)

core/discov/internal/updatelistener_mock.go

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: updatelistener.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package internal -destination updatelistener_mock.go -source updatelistener.go UpdateListener
+//
 
 // Package internal is a generated GoMock package.
 package internal
@@ -7,52 +12,53 @@ package internal
 import (
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
-// MockUpdateListener is a mock of UpdateListener interface
+// MockUpdateListener is a mock of UpdateListener interface.
 type MockUpdateListener struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
-// MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockUpdateListener
+// MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockUpdateListener.
 type MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder struct {
 	mock *MockUpdateListener
 }
 
-// NewMockUpdateListener creates a new mock instance
+// NewMockUpdateListener creates a new mock instance.
 func NewMockUpdateListener(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockUpdateListener {
 	mock := &MockUpdateListener{ctrl: ctrl}
 	mock.recorder = &MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder{mock}
 	return mock
 }
 
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use
+// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
 func (m *MockUpdateListener) EXPECT() *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }
 
-// OnAdd mocks base method
+// OnAdd mocks base method.
 func (m *MockUpdateListener) OnAdd(kv KV) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnAdd", kv)
 }
 
-// OnAdd indicates an expected call of OnAdd
-func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnAdd(kv interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// OnAdd indicates an expected call of OnAdd.
+func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnAdd(kv any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnAdd", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUpdateListener)(nil).OnAdd), kv)
 }
 
-// OnDelete mocks base method
+// OnDelete mocks base method.
 func (m *MockUpdateListener) OnDelete(kv KV) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnDelete", kv)
 }
 
-// OnDelete indicates an expected call of OnDelete
-func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnDelete(kv interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// OnDelete indicates an expected call of OnDelete.
+func (mr *MockUpdateListenerMockRecorder) OnDelete(kv any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnDelete", reflect.TypeOf((*MockUpdateListener)(nil).OnDelete), kv)
 }

core/discov/internal/vars.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ const (
 	autoSyncInterval   = time.Minute
 	coolDownInterval   = time.Second
 	dialTimeout        = 5 * time.Second
-	dialKeepAliveTime  = 5 * time.Second
 	requestTimeout     = 3 * time.Second
 	endpointsSeparator = ","
 )

core/discov/publisher.go

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package discov
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/discov/internal"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logc"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/syncx"
@@ -51,12 +54,7 @@ func NewPublisher(endpoints []string, key, value string, opts ...PubOption) *Pub
 
 // KeepAlive keeps key:value alive.
 func (p *Publisher) KeepAlive() error {
-	cli, err := internal.GetRegistry().GetConn(p.endpoints)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	p.lease, err = p.register(cli)
+	cli, err := p.doRegister()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -83,6 +81,43 @@ func (p *Publisher) Stop() {
 	p.quit.Close()
 }
 
+func (p *Publisher) doKeepAlive() error {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for range ticker.C {
+		select {
+		case <-p.quit.Done():
+			return nil
+		default:
+			cli, err := p.doRegister()
+			if err != nil {
+				logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher doRegister: %v", err)
+				break
+			}
+
+			if err := p.keepAliveAsync(cli); err != nil {
+				logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher keepAliveAsync: %v", err)
+				break
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Publisher) doRegister() (internal.EtcdClient, error) {
+	cli, err := internal.GetRegistry().GetConn(p.endpoints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	p.lease, err = p.register(cli)
+	return cli, err
+}
+
 func (p *Publisher) keepAliveAsync(cli internal.EtcdClient) error {
 	ch, err := cli.KeepAlive(cli.Ctx(), p.lease)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -90,23 +125,48 @@ func (p *Publisher) keepAliveAsync(cli internal.EtcdClient) error {
 	}
 
 	threading.GoSafe(func() {
+		wch := cli.Watch(cli.Ctx(), p.fullKey, clientv3.WithFilterPut())
+
 		for {
 			select {
 			case _, ok := <-ch:
 				if !ok {
 					p.revoke(cli)
-					if err := p.KeepAlive(); err != nil {
-						logx.Errorf("KeepAlive: %s", err.Error())
+					if err := p.doKeepAlive(); err != nil {
+						logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher KeepAlive: %v", err)
 					}
 					return
 				}
+
+			case c := <-wch:
+				if c.Err() != nil {
+					logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher watch: %v", c.Err())
+					if err := p.doKeepAlive(); err != nil {
+						logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher KeepAlive: %v", err)
+					}
+					return
+				}
+
+				for _, evt := range c.Events {
+					if evt.Type == clientv3.EventTypeDelete {
+						logc.Infof(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher watch: %s, event: %v",
+							evt.Kv.Key, evt.Type)
+						_, err := cli.Put(cli.Ctx(), p.fullKey, p.value, clientv3.WithLease(p.lease))
+						if err != nil {
+							logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher re-put key: %v", err)
+						} else {
+							logc.Infof(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher re-put key: %s, value: %s",
+								p.fullKey, p.value)
+						}
+					}
+				}
 			case <-p.pauseChan:
-				logx.Infof("paused etcd renew, key: %s, value: %s", p.key, p.value)
+				logc.Infof(cli.Ctx(), "paused etcd renew, key: %s, value: %s", p.key, p.value)
 				p.revoke(cli)
 				select {
 				case <-p.resumeChan:
-					if err := p.KeepAlive(); err != nil {
-						logx.Errorf("KeepAlive: %s", err.Error())
+					if err := p.doKeepAlive(); err != nil {
+						logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher KeepAlive: %v", err)
 					}
 					return
 				case <-p.quit.Done():
@@ -141,7 +201,7 @@ func (p *Publisher) register(client internal.EtcdClient) (clientv3.LeaseID, erro
 
 func (p *Publisher) revoke(cli internal.EtcdClient) {
 	if _, err := cli.Revoke(cli.Ctx(), p.lease); err != nil {
-		logx.Error(err)
+		logc.Errorf(cli.Ctx(), "etcd publisher revoke: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 

core/discov/publisher_test.go

@@ -1,18 +1,99 @@
 package discov
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/discov/internal"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/lang"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/stringx"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/mvccpb"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/resolver"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/resolver/manual"
+)
+
+const (
+	certContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
+	keyContent = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`
+	caContent = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -37,7 +118,7 @@ func TestPublisher_register(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestPublisher_registerWithId(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPublisher_registerWithOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	defer ctrl.Finish()
 	const id = 2
@@ -49,7 +130,15 @@ func TestPublisher_registerWithId(t *testing.T) {
 		ID: 1,
 	}, nil)
 	cli.EXPECT().Put(gomock.Any(), makeEtcdKey("thekey", id), "thevalue", gomock.Any())
-	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue", WithId(id))
+
+	certFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(certContent))
+	defer os.Remove(certFile)
+	keyFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(keyContent))
+	defer os.Remove(keyFile)
+	caFile := createTempFile(t, []byte(caContent))
+	defer os.Remove(caFile)
+	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue", WithId(id),
+		WithPubEtcdTLS(certFile, keyFile, caFile, true))
 	_, err := pub.register(cli)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 }
@@ -123,9 +212,12 @@ func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncQuit(t *testing.T) {
 	defer restore()
 	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().AnyTimes()
 	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
+	// Add Watch expectation for the new watch mechanism
+	watchChan := make(<-chan clientv3.WatchResponse)
+	cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(watchChan)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(1)
-	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ interface{}) {
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
 		wg.Done()
 	})
 	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue")
@@ -144,10 +236,13 @@ func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncPause(t *testing.T) {
 	defer restore()
 	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().AnyTimes()
 	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
+	// Add Watch expectation for the new watch mechanism
+	watchChan := make(<-chan clientv3.WatchResponse)
+	cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(watchChan)
 	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue")
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(1)
-	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ interface{}) {
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
 		pub.Stop()
 		wg.Done()
 	})
@@ -157,6 +252,112 @@ func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncPause(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
+// Test case for key deletion and re-registration (covers lines 148-155)
+func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncKeyDeletion(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	const id clientv3.LeaseID = 1
+	cli := internal.NewMockEtcdClient(ctrl)
+	restore := setMockClient(cli)
+	defer restore()
+	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().AnyTimes()
+	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
+
+	// Create a watch channel that will send a delete event
+	watchChan := make(chan clientv3.WatchResponse, 1)
+	watchResp := clientv3.WatchResponse{
+		Events: []*clientv3.Event{{
+			Type: clientv3.EventTypeDelete,
+			Kv: &mvccpb.KeyValue{
+				Key: []byte("thekey"),
+			},
+		}},
+	}
+	watchChan <- watchResp
+
+	cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return((<-chan clientv3.WatchResponse)(watchChan))
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1) // Only wait for Revoke call
+
+	// Use a channel to signal when Put has been called
+	putCalled := make(chan struct{})
+
+	// Expect the re-put operation when key is deleted
+	cli.EXPECT().Put(gomock.Any(), "thekey", "thevalue", gomock.Any()).Do(func(_, _, _, _ any) {
+		close(putCalled) // Signal that Put has been called
+	}).Return(nil, nil)
+
+	// Expect revoke when Stop is called
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
+		wg.Done()
+	})
+
+	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue")
+	pub.lease = id
+	pub.fullKey = "thekey"
+
+	assert.Nil(t, pub.keepAliveAsync(cli))
+
+	// Wait for Put to be called, then stop
+	<-putCalled
+	pub.Stop()
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+// Test case for key deletion with re-put error (covers error branch in lines 151-152)
+func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsyncKeyDeletionPutError(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	const id clientv3.LeaseID = 1
+	cli := internal.NewMockEtcdClient(ctrl)
+	restore := setMockClient(cli)
+	defer restore()
+	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().AnyTimes()
+	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
+
+	// Create a watch channel that will send a delete event
+	watchChan := make(chan clientv3.WatchResponse, 1)
+	watchResp := clientv3.WatchResponse{
+		Events: []*clientv3.Event{{
+			Type: clientv3.EventTypeDelete,
+			Kv: &mvccpb.KeyValue{
+				Key: []byte("thekey"),
+			},
+		}},
+	}
+	watchChan <- watchResp
+
+	cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return((<-chan clientv3.WatchResponse)(watchChan))
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1) // Only wait for Revoke call
+
+	// Use a channel to signal when Put has been called
+	putCalled := make(chan struct{})
+
+	// Expect the re-put operation to fail
+	cli.EXPECT().Put(gomock.Any(), "thekey", "thevalue", gomock.Any()).Do(func(_, _, _, _ any) {
+		close(putCalled) // Signal that Put has been called
+	}).Return(nil, errors.New("put error"))
+
+	// Expect revoke when Stop is called
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
+		wg.Done()
+	})
+
+	pub := NewPublisher(nil, "thekey", "thevalue")
+	pub.lease = id
+	pub.fullKey = "thekey"
+
+	assert.Nil(t, pub.keepAliveAsync(cli))
+
+	// Wait for Put to be called, then stop
+	<-putCalled
+	pub.Stop()
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
 func TestPublisher_Resume(t *testing.T) {
 	publisher := new(Publisher)
 	publisher.resumeChan = make(chan lang.PlaceholderType)
@@ -169,3 +370,95 @@ func TestPublisher_Resume(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 	<-publisher.resumeChan
 }
+
+func TestPublisher_keepAliveAsync(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	const id clientv3.LeaseID = 1
+	conn := createMockConn(t)
+	defer conn.Close()
+	cli := internal.NewMockEtcdClient(ctrl)
+	cli.EXPECT().ActiveConnection().Return(conn).AnyTimes()
+	cli.EXPECT().Close()
+	defer cli.Close()
+	cli.ActiveConnection()
+	restore := setMockClient(cli)
+	defer restore()
+	cli.EXPECT().Ctx().AnyTimes()
+	cli.EXPECT().KeepAlive(gomock.Any(), id)
+	// Add Watch expectation for the new watch mechanism
+	watchChan := make(<-chan clientv3.WatchResponse)
+	cli.EXPECT().Watch(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(watchChan)
+	cli.EXPECT().Grant(gomock.Any(), timeToLive).Return(&clientv3.LeaseGrantResponse{
+		ID: 1,
+	}, nil)
+	cli.EXPECT().Put(gomock.Any(), makeEtcdKey("thekey", int64(id)), "thevalue", gomock.Any())
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	cli.EXPECT().Revoke(gomock.Any(), id).Do(func(_, _ any) {
+		wg.Done()
+	})
+	pub := NewPublisher([]string{"the-endpoint"}, "thekey", "thevalue")
+	pub.lease = id
+	assert.Nil(t, pub.KeepAlive())
+	pub.Stop()
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func createMockConn(t *testing.T) *grpc.ClientConn {
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error while listening. Err: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer lis.Close()
+	lisAddr := resolver.Address{Addr: lis.Addr().String()}
+	lisDone := make(chan struct{})
+	dialDone := make(chan struct{})
+	// 1st listener accepts the connection and then does nothing
+	go func() {
+		defer close(lisDone)
+		conn, err := lis.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Error while accepting. Err: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		framer := http2.NewFramer(conn, conn)
+		if err := framer.WriteSettings(http2.Setting{}); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Error while writing settings. Err: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		<-dialDone // Close conn only after dial returns.
+	}()
+
+	r := manual.NewBuilderWithScheme("whatever")
+	r.InitialState(resolver.State{Addresses: []resolver.Address{lisAddr}})
+	client, err := grpc.DialContext(context.Background(), r.Scheme()+":///test.server",
+		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()), grpc.WithResolvers(r))
+	close(dialDone)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Dial failed. Err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	timeout := time.After(1 * time.Second)
+	select {
+	case <-timeout:
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for server to finish")
+	case <-lisDone:
+	}
+
+	return client
+}
+
+func createTempFile(t *testing.T, body []byte) string {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-unit-*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tmpFile.Close()
+	if err = os.WriteFile(tmpFile.Name(), body, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return tmpFile.Name()
+}

core/discov/subscriber.go

@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@ type (
 	// SubOption defines the method to customize a Subscriber.
 	SubOption func(sub *Subscriber)
 
-	// A Subscriber is used to subscribe the given key on a etcd cluster.
+	// A Subscriber is used to subscribe the given key on an etcd cluster.
 	Subscriber struct {
-		endpoints []string
-		exclusive bool
-		items     *container
+		endpoints  []string
+		exclusive  bool
+		key        string
+		exactMatch bool
+		items      *container
 	}
 )
 
@@ -28,13 +30,14 @@ type (
 func NewSubscriber(endpoints []string, key string, opts ...SubOption) (*Subscriber, error) {
 	sub := &Subscriber{
 		endpoints: endpoints,
+		key:       key,
 	}
 	for _, opt := range opts {
 		opt(sub)
 	}
 	sub.items = newContainer(sub.exclusive)
 
-	if err := internal.GetRegistry().Monitor(endpoints, key, sub.items); err != nil {
+	if err := internal.GetRegistry().Monitor(endpoints, key, sub.exactMatch, sub.items); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -46,6 +49,11 @@ func (s *Subscriber) AddListener(listener func()) {
 	s.items.addListener(listener)
 }
 
+// Close closes the subscriber.
+func (s *Subscriber) Close() {
+	internal.GetRegistry().Unmonitor(s.endpoints, s.key, s.exactMatch, s.items)
+}
+
 // Values returns all the subscription values.
 func (s *Subscriber) Values() []string {
 	return s.items.getValues()
@@ -59,6 +67,13 @@ func Exclusive() SubOption {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithExactMatch turn off querying using key prefixes.
+func WithExactMatch() SubOption {
+	return func(sub *Subscriber) {
+		sub.exactMatch = true
+	}
+}
+
 // WithSubEtcdAccount provides the etcd username/password.
 func WithSubEtcdAccount(user, pass string) SubOption {
 	return func(sub *Subscriber) {

core/discov/subscriber_test.go

@@ -225,3 +225,28 @@ func TestWithSubEtcdAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, user, account.User)
 	assert.Equal(t, "bar", account.Pass)
 }
+
+func TestWithExactMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	sub := new(Subscriber)
+	WithExactMatch()(sub)
+	sub.items = newContainer(sub.exclusive)
+	var count int32
+	sub.AddListener(func() {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&count, 1)
+	})
+	sub.items.notifyChange()
+	assert.Empty(t, sub.Values())
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&count))
+}
+
+func TestSubscriberClose(t *testing.T) {
+	l := newContainer(false)
+	sub := &Subscriber{
+		endpoints: []string{"localhost:12379"},
+		key:       "foo",
+		items:     l,
+	}
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		sub.Close()
+	})
+}

core/errorx/batcherror.go

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 package errorx
 
-import "bytes"
-
-type (
-	// A BatchError is an error that can hold multiple errors.
-	BatchError struct {
-		errs errorArray
-	}
-
-	errorArray []error
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
 )
 
-// Add adds errs to be, nil errors are ignored.
+// BatchError is an error that can hold multiple errors.
+type BatchError struct {
+	errs []error
+	lock sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// Add adds one or more non-nil errors to the BatchError instance.
 func (be *BatchError) Add(errs ...error) {
+	be.lock.Lock()
+	defer be.lock.Unlock()
+
 	for _, err := range errs {
 		if err != nil {
 			be.errs = append(be.errs, err)
@@ -20,33 +23,20 @@ func (be *BatchError) Add(errs ...error) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Err returns an error that represents all errors.
+// Err returns an error that represents all accumulated errors.
+// It returns nil if there are no errors.
 func (be *BatchError) Err() error {
-	switch len(be.errs) {
-	case 0:
-		return nil
-	case 1:
-		return be.errs[0]
-	default:
-		return be.errs
-	}
+	be.lock.RLock()
+	defer be.lock.RUnlock()
+
+	// If there are no non-nil errors, errors.Join(...) returns nil.
+	return errors.Join(be.errs...)
 }
 
-// NotNil checks if any error inside.
+// NotNil checks if there is at least one error inside the BatchError.
 func (be *BatchError) NotNil() bool {
+	be.lock.RLock()
+	defer be.lock.RUnlock()
+
 	return len(be.errs) > 0
 }
-
-// Error returns a string that represents inside errors.
-func (ea errorArray) Error() string {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-
-	for i := range ea {
-		if i > 0 {
-			buf.WriteByte('\n')
-		}
-		buf.WriteString(ea[i].Error())
-	}
-
-	return buf.String()
-}

core/errorx/batcherror_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package errorx
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ func TestBatchErrorNilFromFunc(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBatchErrorOneError(t *testing.T) {
 	var batch BatchError
 	batch.Add(errors.New(err1))
-	assert.NotNil(t, batch)
+	assert.NotNil(t, batch.Err())
 	assert.Equal(t, err1, batch.Err().Error())
 	assert.True(t, batch.NotNil())
 }
@@ -42,7 +43,105 @@ func TestBatchErrorWithErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	var batch BatchError
 	batch.Add(errors.New(err1))
 	batch.Add(errors.New(err2))
-	assert.NotNil(t, batch)
+	assert.NotNil(t, batch.Err())
 	assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", err1, err2), batch.Err().Error())
 	assert.True(t, batch.NotNil())
 }
+
+func TestBatchErrorConcurrentAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	const count = 10000
+	var batch BatchError
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	wg.Add(count)
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			batch.Add(errors.New(err1))
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, batch.Err())
+	assert.Equal(t, count, len(batch.errs))
+	assert.True(t, batch.NotNil())
+}
+
+func TestBatchError_Unwrap(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var be BatchError
+		assert.Nil(t, be.Err())
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(be.Err(), nil))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("one error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var errFoo = errors.New("foo")
+		var errBar = errors.New("bar")
+		var be BatchError
+		be.Add(errFoo)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(be.Err(), errFoo))
+		assert.False(t, errors.Is(be.Err(), errBar))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("two errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var errFoo = errors.New("foo")
+		var errBar = errors.New("bar")
+		var errBaz = errors.New("baz")
+		var be BatchError
+		be.Add(errFoo)
+		be.Add(errBar)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(be.Err(), errFoo))
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(be.Err(), errBar))
+		assert.False(t, errors.Is(be.Err(), errBaz))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestBatchError_Add(t *testing.T) {
+	var be BatchError
+
+	// Test adding nil errors
+	be.Add(nil, nil)
+	assert.False(t, be.NotNil(), "Expected BatchError to be empty after adding nil errors")
+
+	// Test adding non-nil errors
+	err1 := errors.New("error 1")
+	err2 := errors.New("error 2")
+	be.Add(err1, err2)
+	assert.True(t, be.NotNil(), "Expected BatchError to be non-empty after adding errors")
+
+	// Test adding a mix of nil and non-nil errors
+	err3 := errors.New("error 3")
+	be.Add(nil, err3, nil)
+	assert.True(t, be.NotNil(), "Expected BatchError to be non-empty after adding a mix of nil and non-nil errors")
+}
+
+func TestBatchError_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	var be BatchError
+
+	// Test Err() on empty BatchError
+	assert.Nil(t, be.Err(), "Expected nil error for empty BatchError")
+
+	// Test Err() with multiple errors
+	err1 := errors.New("error 1")
+	err2 := errors.New("error 2")
+	be.Add(err1, err2)
+
+	combinedErr := be.Err()
+	assert.NotNil(t, combinedErr, "Expected nil error for BatchError with multiple errors")
+
+	// Check if the combined error contains both error messages
+	errString := combinedErr.Error()
+	assert.Truef(t, errors.Is(combinedErr, err1), "Combined error doesn't contain first error: %s", errString)
+	assert.Truef(t, errors.Is(combinedErr, err2), "Combined error doesn't contain second error: %s", errString)
+}
+
+func TestBatchError_NotNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var be BatchError
+
+	// Test NotNil() on empty BatchError
+	assert.Nil(t, be.Err(), "Expected nil error for empty BatchError")
+
+	// Test NotNil() after adding an error
+	be.Add(errors.New("test error"))
+	assert.NotNil(t, be.Err(), "Expected non-nil error after adding an error")
+}

core/errorx/check.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package errorx
+
+import "errors"
+
+// In checks if the given err is one of errs.
+func In(err error, errs ...error) bool {
+	for _, each := range errs {
+		if errors.Is(err, each) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

core/errorx/check_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package errorx
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestIn(t *testing.T) {
+	err1 := errors.New("error 1")
+	err2 := errors.New("error 2")
+	err3 := errors.New("error 3")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		errs []error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Error matches one of the errors in the list",
+			err:  err1,
+			errs: []error{err1, err2},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Error does not match any errors in the list",
+			err:  err3,
+			errs: []error{err1, err2},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty error list",
+			err:  err1,
+			errs: []error{},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Nil error with non-nil list",
+			err:  nil,
+			errs: []error{err1, err2},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Non-nil error with nil in list",
+			err:  err1,
+			errs: []error{nil, err2},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Error matches nil error in the list",
+			err:  nil,
+			errs: []error{nil, err2},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Nil error with empty list",
+			err:  nil,
+			errs: []error{},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := In(tt.err, tt.errs...); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("In() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

core/errorx/wrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package errorx
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// Wrap returns an error that wraps err with given message.
+func Wrap(err error, message string) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", message, err)
+}
+
+// Wrapf returns an error that wraps err with given format and args.
+func Wrapf(err error, format string, args ...any) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", fmt.Sprintf(format, args...), err)
+}

core/errorx/wrap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package errorx
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestWrap(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, Wrap(nil, "test"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo: bar", Wrap(errors.New("bar"), "foo").Error())
+
+	err := errors.New("foo")
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(Wrap(err, "bar"), err))
+}
+
+func TestWrapf(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, Wrapf(nil, "%s", "test"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar: quz", Wrapf(errors.New("quz"), "foo %s", "bar").Error())
+
+	err := errors.New("foo")
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(Wrapf(err, "foo %s", "bar"), err))
+}

core/executors/bulkexecutor.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func NewBulkExecutor(execute Execute, opts ...BulkOption) *BulkExecutor {
 }
 
 // Add adds task into be.
-func (be *BulkExecutor) Add(task interface{}) error {
+func (be *BulkExecutor) Add(task any) error {
 	be.executor.Add(task)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -79,22 +79,22 @@ func newBulkOptions() bulkOptions {
 }
 
 type bulkContainer struct {
-	tasks    []interface{}
+	tasks    []any
 	execute  Execute
 	maxTasks int
 }
 
-func (bc *bulkContainer) AddTask(task interface{}) bool {
+func (bc *bulkContainer) AddTask(task any) bool {
 	bc.tasks = append(bc.tasks, task)
 	return len(bc.tasks) >= bc.maxTasks
 }
 
-func (bc *bulkContainer) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
-	vals := tasks.([]interface{})
+func (bc *bulkContainer) Execute(tasks any) {
+	vals := tasks.([]any)
 	bc.execute(vals)
 }
 
-func (bc *bulkContainer) RemoveAll() interface{} {
+func (bc *bulkContainer) RemoveAll() any {
 	tasks := bc.tasks
 	bc.tasks = nil
 	return tasks

core/executors/bulkexecutor_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	var values []int
 	var lock sync.Mutex
 
-	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		values = append(values, len(items))
 		lock.Unlock()
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 
 	wait.Add(1)
-	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, size, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithBulkTasks(caches), WithBulkInterval(time.Millisecond*100))
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestBulkExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Fail(t, "should not called")
 	}, WithBulkTasks(10), WithBulkInterval(time.Millisecond))
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 	wait.Add(1)
-	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, tasks, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithBulkTasks(caches), WithBulkInterval(time.Minute))
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ func TestBulkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 	wait.Wait()
 }
 
-func TestBuldExecutorFlushSlowTasks(t *testing.T) {
+func TestBulkExecutorFlushSlowTasks(t *testing.T) {
 	const total = 1500
 	lock := new(sync.Mutex)
-	result := make([]interface{}, 0, 10000)
-	exec := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	result := make([]any, 0, 10000)
+	exec := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 		lock.Lock()
 		defer lock.Unlock()
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestBuldExecutorFlushSlowTasks(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkBulkExecutor(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	be := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(len(tasks)))
 	})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

core/executors/chunkexecutor.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func NewChunkExecutor(execute Execute, opts ...ChunkOption) *ChunkExecutor {
 }
 
 // Add adds task with given chunk size into ce.
-func (ce *ChunkExecutor) Add(task interface{}, size int) error {
+func (ce *ChunkExecutor) Add(task any, size int) error {
 	ce.executor.Add(chunk{
 		val:  task,
 		size: size,
@@ -82,25 +82,25 @@ func newChunkOptions() chunkOptions {
 }
 
 type chunkContainer struct {
-	tasks        []interface{}
+	tasks        []any
 	execute      Execute
 	size         int
 	maxChunkSize int
 }
 
-func (bc *chunkContainer) AddTask(task interface{}) bool {
+func (bc *chunkContainer) AddTask(task any) bool {
 	ck := task.(chunk)
 	bc.tasks = append(bc.tasks, ck.val)
 	bc.size += ck.size
 	return bc.size >= bc.maxChunkSize
 }
 
-func (bc *chunkContainer) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
-	vals := tasks.([]interface{})
+func (bc *chunkContainer) Execute(tasks any) {
+	vals := tasks.([]any)
 	bc.execute(vals)
 }
 
-func (bc *chunkContainer) RemoveAll() interface{} {
+func (bc *chunkContainer) RemoveAll() any {
 	tasks := bc.tasks
 	bc.tasks = nil
 	bc.size = 0
@@ -108,6 +108,6 @@ func (bc *chunkContainer) RemoveAll() interface{} {
 }
 
 type chunk struct {
-	val  interface{}
+	val  any
 	size int
 }

core/executors/chunkexecutor_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutor(t *testing.T) {
 	var values []int
 	var lock sync.Mutex
 
-	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		values = append(values, len(items))
 		lock.Unlock()
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 
 	wait.Add(1)
-	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, size, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithChunkBytes(caches), WithFlushInterval(time.Millisecond*100))
@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlushInterval(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestChunkExecutorEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Fail(t, "should not called")
 	}, WithChunkBytes(10), WithFlushInterval(time.Millisecond))
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
+	executor.Wait()
 }
 
 func TestChunkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var wait sync.WaitGroup
 	wait.Add(1)
-	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []interface{}) {
+	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(items []any) {
 		assert.Equal(t, tasks, len(items))
 		wait.Done()
 	}, WithChunkBytes(caches), WithFlushInterval(time.Minute))
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ func TestChunkExecutorFlush(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkChunkExecutor(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
-	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	be := NewChunkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(len(tasks)))
 	})
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {

core/executors/periodicalexecutor.go

@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ type (
 	TaskContainer interface {
 		// AddTask adds the task into the container.
 		// Returns true if the container needs to be flushed after the addition.
-		AddTask(task interface{}) bool
+		AddTask(task any) bool
 		// Execute handles the collected tasks by the container when flushing.
-		Execute(tasks interface{})
+		Execute(tasks any)
 		// RemoveAll removes the contained tasks, and return them.
-		RemoveAll() interface{}
+		RemoveAll() any
 	}
 
 	// A PeriodicalExecutor is an executor that periodically execute tasks.
 	PeriodicalExecutor struct {
-		commander chan interface{}
+		commander chan any
 		interval  time.Duration
 		container TaskContainer
 		waitGroup sync.WaitGroup
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type (
 func NewPeriodicalExecutor(interval time.Duration, container TaskContainer) *PeriodicalExecutor {
 	executor := &PeriodicalExecutor{
 		// buffer 1 to let the caller go quickly
-		commander:   make(chan interface{}, 1),
+		commander:   make(chan any, 1),
 		interval:    interval,
 		container:   container,
 		confirmChan: make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func NewPeriodicalExecutor(interval time.Duration, container TaskContainer) *Per
 }
 
 // Add adds tasks into pe.
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Add(task interface{}) {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Add(task any) {
 	if vals, ok := pe.addAndCheck(task); ok {
 		pe.commander <- vals
 		<-pe.confirmChan
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Add(task interface{}) {
 // Flush forces pe to execute tasks.
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Flush() bool {
 	pe.enterExecution()
-	return pe.executeTasks(func() interface{} {
+	return pe.executeTasks(func() any {
 		pe.lock.Lock()
 		defer pe.lock.Unlock()
 		return pe.container.RemoveAll()
 	}())
 }
 
-// Sync lets caller to run fn thread-safe with pe, especially for the underlying container.
+// Sync lets caller run fn thread-safe with pe, especially for the underlying container.
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Sync(fn func()) {
 	pe.lock.Lock()
 	defer pe.lock.Unlock()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) Wait() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) addAndCheck(task interface{}) (interface{}, bool) {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) addAndCheck(task any) (any, bool) {
 	pe.lock.Lock()
 	defer func() {
 		if !pe.guarded {
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) addAndCheck(task interface{}) (interface{}, bool)
 }
 
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) backgroundFlush() {
-	threading.GoSafe(func() {
+	go func() {
 		// flush before quit goroutine to avoid missing tasks
 		defer pe.Flush()
 
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) backgroundFlush() {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-	})
+	}()
 }
 
 func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) doneExecution() {
@@ -157,18 +157,20 @@ func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) enterExecution() {
 	})
 }
 
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) executeTasks(tasks interface{}) bool {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) executeTasks(tasks any) bool {
 	defer pe.doneExecution()
 
 	ok := pe.hasTasks(tasks)
 	if ok {
-		pe.container.Execute(tasks)
+		threading.RunSafe(func() {
+			pe.container.Execute(tasks)
+		})
 	}
 
 	return ok
 }
 
-func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) hasTasks(tasks interface{}) bool {
+func (pe *PeriodicalExecutor) hasTasks(tasks any) bool {
 	if tasks == nil {
 		return false
 	}

core/executors/periodicalexecutor_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/proc"
 	"github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/timex"
 )
 
@@ -16,22 +17,22 @@ const threshold = 10
 type container struct {
 	interval time.Duration
 	tasks    []int
-	execute  func(tasks interface{})
+	execute  func(tasks any)
 }
 
-func newContainer(interval time.Duration, execute func(tasks interface{})) *container {
+func newContainer(interval time.Duration, execute func(tasks any)) *container {
 	return &container{
 		interval: interval,
 		execute:  execute,
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *container) AddTask(task interface{}) bool {
+func (c *container) AddTask(task any) bool {
 	c.tasks = append(c.tasks, task.(int))
 	return len(c.tasks) > threshold
 }
 
-func (c *container) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
+func (c *container) Execute(tasks any) {
 	if c.execute != nil {
 		c.execute(tasks)
 	} else {
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func (c *container) Execute(tasks interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *container) RemoveAll() interface{} {
+func (c *container) RemoveAll() any {
 	tasks := c.tasks
 	c.tasks = nil
 	return tasks
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_QuitGoroutine(t *testing.T) {
 	ticker.Tick()
 	ticker.Wait(time.Millisecond * idleRound)
 	assert.Equal(t, routines, runtime.NumGoroutine())
+	proc.Shutdown()
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Bulk(t *testing.T) {
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Bulk(t *testing.T) {
 	var vals []int
 	// avoid data race
 	var lock sync.Mutex
-	exec := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks interface{}) {
+	exec := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks any) {
 		t := tasks.([]int)
 		for _, each := range t {
 			lock.Lock()
@@ -106,25 +108,83 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Bulk(t *testing.T) {
 	lock.Unlock()
 }
 
+func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Panic(t *testing.T) {
+	// avoid data race
+	var lock sync.Mutex
+	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
+
+	var (
+		executedTasks []int
+		expected      []int
+	)
+	executor := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks any) {
+		tt := tasks.([]int)
+		lock.Lock()
+		executedTasks = append(executedTasks, tt...)
+		lock.Unlock()
+		if tt[0] == 0 {
+			panic("test")
+		}
+	}))
+	executor.newTicker = func(duration time.Duration) timex.Ticker {
+		return ticker
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
+		executor.Add(i)
+		expected = append(expected, i)
+	}
+	ticker.Tick()
+	ticker.Tick()
+	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	lock.Lock()
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, executedTasks)
+	lock.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestPeriodicalExecutor_FlushPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		executedTasks []int
+		expected      []int
+		lock          sync.Mutex
+	)
+	executor := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, func(tasks any) {
+		tt := tasks.([]int)
+		lock.Lock()
+		executedTasks = append(executedTasks, tt...)
+		lock.Unlock()
+		if tt[0] == 0 {
+			panic("flush panic")
+		}
+	}))
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		executor.Add(i)
+		expected = append(expected, i)
+	}
+	executor.Flush()
+	lock.Lock()
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, executedTasks)
+	lock.Unlock()
+}
+
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Wait(t *testing.T) {
 	var lock sync.Mutex
-	executer := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		lock.Lock()
 		defer lock.Unlock()
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}, WithBulkTasks(1), WithBulkInterval(time.Second))
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-		executer.Add(1)
+		executor.Add(1)
 	}
-	executer.Flush()
-	executer.Wait()
+	executor.Flush()
+	executor.Wait()
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_WaitFast(t *testing.T) {
 	const total = 3
 	var cnt int
 	var lock sync.Mutex
-	executer := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 		defer func() {
 			cnt++
 		}()
@@ -133,15 +193,15 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_WaitFast(t *testing.T) {
 		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
 	}, WithBulkTasks(1), WithBulkInterval(10*time.Millisecond))
 	for i := 0; i < total; i++ {
-		executer.Add(2)
+		executor.Add(2)
 	}
-	executer.Flush()
-	executer.Wait()
+	executor.Flush()
+	executor.Wait()
 	assert.Equal(t, total, cnt)
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Deadlock(t *testing.T) {
-	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []interface{}) {
+	executor := NewBulkExecutor(func(tasks []any) {
 	}, WithBulkTasks(1), WithBulkInterval(time.Millisecond))
 	for i := 0; i < 1e5; i++ {
 		executor.Add(1)
@@ -149,13 +209,7 @@ func TestPeriodicalExecutor_Deadlock(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPeriodicalExecutor_hasTasks(t *testing.T) {
-	ticker := timex.NewFakeTicker()
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
 	exec := NewPeriodicalExecutor(time.Millisecond, newContainer(time.Millisecond, nil))
-	exec.newTicker = func(d time.Duration) timex.Ticker {
-		return ticker
-	}
 	assert.False(t, exec.hasTasks(nil))
 	assert.True(t, exec.hasTasks(1))
 }

core/executors/vars.go

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ import "time"
 const defaultFlushInterval = time.Second
 
 // Execute defines the method to execute tasks.
-type Execute func(tasks []interface{})
+type Execute func(tasks []any)

core/filex/file.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ func firstLine(file *os.File) (string, error) {
 	for {
 		buf := make([]byte, bufSize)
 		n, err := file.ReadAt(buf, offset)
+
 		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
 			return "", err
 		}
@@ -45,6 +46,10 @@ func firstLine(file *os.File) (string, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return string(append(first, buf[:n]...)), nil
+		}
+
 		first = append(first, buf[:n]...)
 		offset += bufSize
 	}
@@ -57,30 +62,42 @@ func lastLine(filename string, file *os.File) (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	var last []byte
+	bufLen := int64(bufSize)
 	offset := info.Size()
-	for {
-		offset -= bufSize
-		if offset < 0 {
+
+	for offset > 0 {
+		if offset < bufLen {
+			bufLen = offset
 			offset = 0
+		} else {
+			offset -= bufLen
 		}
-		buf := make([]byte, bufSize)
+
+		buf := make([]byte, bufLen)
 		n, err := file.ReadAt(buf, offset)
 		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
 			return "", err
 		}
 
+		if n == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+
 		if buf[n-1] == '\n' {
 			buf = buf[:n-1]
 			n--
 		} else {
 			buf = buf[:n]
 		}
-		for n--; n >= 0; n-- {
-			if buf[n] == '\n' {
-				return string(append(buf[n+1:], last...)), nil
+
+		for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if buf[i] == '\n' {
+				return string(append(buf[i+1:], last...)), nil
 			}
 		}
 
 		last = append(buf, last...)
 	}
+
+	return string(last), nil
 }

core/filex/file_test.go

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ last line`
 second line
 last line
 `
+	emptyContent = ``
 )
 
 func TestFirstLine(t *testing.T) {
@@ -74,6 +75,31 @@ func TestFirstLineShort(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "first line", val)
 }
 
+func TestFirstLineError(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := FirstLine("/tmp/does-not-exist")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestFirstLineEmptyFile(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(emptyContent)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := FirstLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", val)
+}
+
+func TestFirstLineWithoutNewline(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(longLine)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := FirstLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, longLine, val)
+}
+
 func TestLastLine(t *testing.T) {
 	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(text)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
@@ -94,6 +120,16 @@ func TestLastLineWithLastNewline(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, longLine, val)
 }
 
+func TestLastLineWithoutLastNewline(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(longLine)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := LastLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, longLine, val)
+}
+
 func TestLastLineShort(t *testing.T) {
 	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(shortText)
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
@@ -113,3 +149,72 @@ func TestLastLineWithLastNewlineShort(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "last line", val)
 }
+
+func TestLastLineError(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := LastLine("/tmp/does-not-exist")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestLastLineEmptyFile(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(emptyContent)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := LastLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", val)
+}
+
+func TestFirstLineExactlyBufSize(t *testing.T) {
+	content := make([]byte, bufSize)
+	for i := range content {
+		content[i] = 'a'
+	}
+	content[bufSize-1] = '\n' // Ensure there is a newline at the edge
+
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(string(content))
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := FirstLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, string(content[:bufSize-1]), val)
+}
+
+func TestLastLineExactlyBufSize(t *testing.T) {
+	content := make([]byte, bufSize)
+	for i := range content {
+		content[i] = 'a'
+	}
+	content[bufSize-1] = '\n' // Ensure there is a newline at the edge
+
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(string(content))
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := LastLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, string(content[:bufSize-1]), val)
+}
+
+func TestFirstLineLargeFile(t *testing.T) {
+	content := text + text + text + "\n" + "extra"
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(content)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := FirstLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first line", val)
+}
+
+func TestLastLineLargeFile(t *testing.T) {
+	content := text + text + text + "\n" + "extra"
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(content)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+
+	val, err := LastLine(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "extra", val)
+}

core/filex/progressscanner.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import "gopkg.in/cheggaaa/pb.v1"
 type (
 	// A Scanner is used to read lines.
 	Scanner interface {
-		// Scan checks if has remaining to read.
+		// Scan checks if it has remaining to read.
 		Scan() bool
 		// Text returns next line.
 		Text() string

core/fs/files+polyfill.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build windows
-// +build windows
 
 package fs