diff --git a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cell_spatial_test.go b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cell_spatial_test.go
index 36be34552c..82c4cf5f02 100644
--- a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cell_spatial_test.go
+++ b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cell_spatial_test.go
@@ -110,3 +110,213 @@ func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_NoMatchingBox(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("no match: got %q, want empty", cells[0].Text)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestBoxMatchesCell_FilledCellWeakOverlapRejected locks the Go-only 0.85
+// guard: a cell that already carries text (e.g. per-cell OCR in the rotated
+// path) rejects a box whose area is only partially inside the cell.
+// Cell (0,0)-(100,50); box (40,5)-(140,15).
+//
+//	overlap  = (40,100)x(5,15) = 60*10 = 600
+//	box area = (140-40)*(15-5) = 100*10 = 1000  → ratio 0.6
+//
+// 0.6 < 0.85 → rejected.
+func TestBoxMatchesCell_FilledCellWeakOverlapRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	cell := pdf.TSRCell{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 50, Text: "ocr"}
+	box := pdf.TextBox{X0: 40, X1: 140, Top: 5, Bottom: 15, Text: "元"}
+	if BoxMatchesCell(cell, box, false) {
+		t.Error("filled cell should reject box overlapping only 60% (needs >=85%)")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBoxMatchesCell_FilledCellStrongOverlapAccepted locks that a box almost
+// entirely inside an already-filled cell still matches (so per-cell OCR text
+// can be overridden by a confident box). Box fully inside → ratio 1.0.
+func TestBoxMatchesCell_FilledCellStrongOverlapAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	cell := pdf.TSRCell{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 50, Text: "ocr"}
+	box := pdf.TextBox{X0: 5, X1: 95, Top: 5, Bottom: 45, Text: "text"}
+	if !BoxMatchesCell(cell, box, false) {
+		t.Error("filled cell should accept box fully inside (>=85%)")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_EmptyCellJoinsMultiplePartialBoxes proves the 0.85
+// guard only bites cells that ENTER FillCellTextFromBoxes with text. For a cell
+// that starts empty, every overlapping box (here each 60%) is matched at the
+// 0.3 threshold and all are joined — no in-cell text loss in the normal path.
+// cell (0,0)-(100,50); box1 (40,5)-(140,15) ratio 0.6; box2 (-40,30)-(60,45) ratio 0.6.
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_EmptyCellJoinsMultiplePartialBoxes(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 50}}
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 40, X1: 140, Top: 5, Bottom: 15, Text: "part1"},
+		{X0: -40, X1: 60, Top: 30, Bottom: 45, Text: "part2"},
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	if cells[0].Text != "part1 part2" {
+		t.Errorf("empty cell should join all overlapping boxes: got %q, want 'part1 part2'", cells[0].Text)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PrefilledCellDropsSecondaryBox documents the
+// deliberate go_intentional divergence from Python.
+//
+// Scenario: a cell already holds per-cell OCR text ("Total"). A separate
+// detected text box ("元") physically sits in the same cell but only overlaps
+// 60% of its area. Go applies the 0.85 guard (cell entered with text) and
+// DROPS the secondary box, keeping "Total".
+//
+// Python has no per-cell OCR and no filled-cell threshold: both fragments
+// would be joined via find_overlapped_with_threshold(thr=0.3), yielding
+// "Total 元". This test LOCKS Go's current behavior so the divergence stays
+// visible; it is registered as go_intentional, not a regression target.
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PrefilledCellDropsSecondaryBox(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 50, Text: "Total"}} // pre-filled by per-cell OCR
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 40, X1: 140, Top: 5, Bottom: 15, Text: "元"}, // 60% inside
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	// Go: 0.85 guard drops the 60%-overlap box. Python would keep "Total 元".
+	if cells[0].Text != "Total" {
+		t.Errorf("go_intentional divergence: got %q, want 'Total' (Python would yield 'Total 元')", cells[0].Text)
+	}
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Implementation divergences in box→cell ASSIGNMENT (NOT architecture: both
+// sides build the grid from TSR rows×columns via cross-product — see
+// deepdoc_table_builder.go GroupCells vs Python construct_table). The divergences
+// are purely in how a box is assigned to a (row,column) cell. Registered in
+// testdata/parity/known_diffs.json as go_bug (#1, #2, #3).
+// =============================================================================
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_BoxOverlappingTwoCells_SingleAssignment is the
+// regression test for go_bug #1. Python assigns each box to EXACTLY ONE cell
+// (greedy best row + tightest column); Go must no longer duplicate a
+// straddling box into both cells.
+//
+// Two side-by-side cells; one box straddles the boundary, overlapping BOTH at
+// 50% of its area. cell A (0,0)-(100,50); cell B (100,0)-(200,50).
+// box (50,5)-(150,15): both columns are equally tight (dis=50), so Python
+// keeps the first (C0). The box lands in exactly ONE cell.
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_BoxOverlappingTwoCells_SingleAssignment(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 50},
+		{X0: 100, Y0: 0, X1: 200, Y1: 50},
+	}
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 50, X1: 150, Top: 5, Bottom: 15, Text: "shared"},
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	count := 0
+	for _, c := range cells {
+		if c.Text == "shared" {
+			count++
+		}
+	}
+	if count != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("regression #1: box duplicated into %d cells; Python assigns it to exactly ONE cell", count)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PythonAssignsGoRejects_2DThreshold_FIXED is the
+// regression test for go_bug #2. Python's 0.3 tests the 1-D VERTICAL overlap
+// with the (full-width) row, and the column is chosen by
+// find_horizontally_tightest_fit (no threshold). Go must match: a box whose
+// row-vertical overlap is >= 0.3 and that is tightest to a column must be
+// assigned, even if its 2-D overlap with that single cell is < 0.3.
+//
+// Grid: row R0 Y=(0,30); col C0 X=(0,50), col C1 X=(50,200).
+// cell (R0,C0) = (0,0)-(50,30); cell (R0,C1) = (50,0)-(200,30).
+// box (0,0)-(100,100): vertical overlap with R0 = 30/100 = 30% (≥0.3 row
+// match); horizontally tightest to C0 (left edge aligns). Python → (R0,C0).
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PythonAssignsGoRejects_2DThreshold_FIXED(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 50, Y1: 30},   // (R0,C0)
+		{X0: 50, Y0: 0, X1: 200, Y1: 30}, // (R0,C1)
+	}
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 0, X1: 100, Top: 0, Bottom: 100, Text: "tall"},
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	if cells[0].Text != "tall" {
+		t.Errorf("regression #2: Go dropped the box (cell0=%q); Python fills (R0,C0) via row-vertical-0.3 ∩ column-tightest", cells[0].Text)
+	}
+	if cells[1].Text != "" {
+		t.Errorf("regression #2: box leaked into (R0,C1)=%q; should land only in (R0,C0)", cells[1].Text)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_EqualBoxRatioSingleAssignment is the regression
+// test for go_bug #3. Go must no longer inject a box into ALL cells it
+// overlaps; it assigns the box to the single tightest column, so a box
+// overlapping a small cell A and a large cell B lands in ONLY A.
+//
+// Small cell A (0,0)-(50,25) area 1250; large cell B (50,0)-(200,50) area 7500.
+// box (0,0)-(100,25): overlaps both, but is tightest to A (left edge aligns,
+// dis=0 vs B's dis=50). Python keeps only A; Go must too.
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_EqualBoxRatioSingleAssignment(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 50, Y1: 25},   // A (small)
+		{X0: 50, Y0: 0, X1: 200, Y1: 50}, // B (large)
+	}
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 0, X1: 100, Top: 0, Bottom: 25, Text: "wide"},
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	if cells[0].Text != "wide" {
+		t.Errorf("regression #3: small cell A should contain 'wide', got %q", cells[0].Text)
+	}
+	if cells[1].Text == "wide" {
+		t.Errorf("regression #3: box leaked into large cell B; Python keeps only small cell A")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_RowSelectionIgnores2DCellOverlap strengthens the
+// go_bug #2 fix on a 2×2 grid. A tall box overlaps ONLY row R0 vertically
+// (≥0.3) but its 2-D intersection with every single cell is < 0.3, so the old
+// 2-D 0.3 filter dropped it entirely. The row/column selection must still fill
+// (R0,C0) — the tightest column in the matched row — and leave R1 empty.
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_RowSelectionIgnores2DCellOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 50, Y1: 30},    // (R0,C0)
+		{X0: 50, Y0: 0, X1: 200, Y1: 30},  // (R0,C1)
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 30, X1: 50, Y1: 60},   // (R1,C0)
+		{X0: 50, Y0: 30, X1: 200, Y1: 60}, // (R1,C1)
+	}
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 0, X1: 100, Top: 0, Bottom: 100, Text: "tall"}, // vertical overlap with R0 = 30/100 = 0.3
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	if cells[0].Text != "tall" {
+		t.Errorf("regression #2 (2x2): (R0,C0) should be 'tall', got %q", cells[0].Text)
+	}
+	if cells[1].Text != "" || cells[2].Text != "" || cells[3].Text != "" {
+		t.Errorf("regression #2 (2x2): box leaked to R0C1/R1 = %q/%q/%q; must stay only in (R0,C0)",
+			cells[1].Text, cells[2].Text, cells[3].Text)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_RowSelectionTiebreak guards the row-selection
+// _ov tie-break (inter/rowArea) in FillCellTextFromBoxes. When a box overlaps
+// two rows with the SAME vertical-overlap ratio (ov), the row with the higher
+// _ov (smaller row area for equal vertical overlap) wins — mirroring Python's
+// (ov, _ov) ordering in find_overlapped_with_threshold.
+//
+// row0 y[0,40] (height 40), row1 y[40,100] (height 60). Box y[0,80] (height 80)
+// overlaps BOTH rows by 40 → ov = 40/80 = 0.5 for each. _ov: row0 = 40/40 = 1.0,
+// row1 = 40/60 ≈ 0.667. Python keeps row0; Go must too.
+func TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_RowSelectionTiebreak(t *testing.T) {
+	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 40},   // row0 (higher _ov)
+		{X0: 0, Y0: 40, X1: 100, Y1: 100}, // row1 (lower _ov)
+	}
+	boxes := []pdf.TextBox{
+		{X0: 0, X1: 100, Top: 0, Bottom: 80, Text: "row0"},
+	}
+	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells, boxes)
+	if cells[0].Text != "row0" {
+		t.Errorf("row tiebreak: box should land in row0 (higher _ov), got cell0=%q", cells[0].Text)
+	}
+	if cells[1].Text != "" {
+		t.Errorf("row tiebreak: box leaked into row1 (lower _ov), got %q", cells[1].Text)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cells.go b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cells.go
index 4c6d2dce9f..6d1adc8244 100644
--- a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cells.go
+++ b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cells.go
@@ -68,42 +68,206 @@ func GroupTSRCellsToRows(cells []pdf.TSRCell) [][]pdf.TSRCell {
 
 // ── cell text filling ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+// FillCellTextFromBoxes assigns PDF text boxes to TSR grid cells, mirroring
+// Python's construct_table box→cell assignment (pdf_parser.py +
+// table_structure_recognizer.py):
+//
+//  1. For each box, pick the single BEST row by vertical-overlap ratio
+//     inter(box,rowStrip)/area(box) >= 0.3, tie-broken by inter/rowArea
+//     (Python find_overlapped_with_threshold on the full-width row strip).
+//  2. Within that row, pick the TIGHTEST column by horizontal edge/center
+//     distance, requiring vertical overlap (Python find_horizontally_tightest_fit,
+//     NO threshold). The box lands in exactly ONE cell (R,C).
+//  3. Multiple boxes mapped to the same (R,C) are concatenated (Python joins
+//     them in construct_table).
+//
+// This replaces the old many-to-many 2-D cell-overlap filter
+// (inter(box,cell)/area(box) >= 0.3 on every cross-product cell), which
+// duplicated a straddling box into two cells (#1), dropped boxes whose 2-D
+// cell overlap was < 0.3 even though their row-vertical overlap was >= 0.3
+// (#2), and never applied the inter/cellArea tie-break (#3). All three are
+// go_bug in testdata/parity/known_diffs.json.
+//
+// The Go-only 0.85 guard (BoxMatchesCell) is retained for PRE-FILLED cells
+// only: if a cell already carries text (e.g. per-cell OCR in the rotated
+// path), a detected box overrides it only when it sits almost entirely inside
+// the cell (>= 0.85). Empty cells accept any box the row/column selection
+// picked, matching Python. See go_intentional rule
+// table-cell-fill-filled-threshold-0.85.
 func FillCellTextFromBoxes(cells []pdf.TSRCell, boxes []pdf.TextBox) {
 	slog.Debug("fillCellTextFromBoxes", "cells", len(cells), "boxes", len(boxes))
-	if len(cells) > 0 && len(boxes) > 0 {
-		c0 := cells[0]
-		slog.Debug("fillCellTextFromBoxes cell[0]", "x0", c0.X0, "y0", c0.Y0, "x1", c0.X1, "y1", c0.Y1)
-		b0 := boxes[0]
-		slog.Debug("fillCellTextFromBoxes box[0]", "x0", b0.X0, "y0", b0.Top, "x1", b0.X1, "y1", b0.Bottom, "text_len", len(b0.Text))
+	if len(cells) == 0 || len(boxes) == 0 {
+		return
 	}
-	matched, filled := 0, 0
-	for ci := range cells {
-		var matches []string
-		for _, b := range boxes {
-			if IsCaptionBox(b.Text, b.LayoutType) {
+
+	// Group cells into row bands by their top coordinate. The grid is a TSR
+	// row×column cross-product, so every cell in a row shares the same Y band.
+	// A row band spans the full table width (union of its cells), matching
+	// Python's full-width "table row" components.
+	type rowBand struct {
+		y0, y1  float64
+		stripX0 float64
+		stripX1 float64
+		cells   []int // indices into `cells`
+	}
+	var rows []rowBand
+	// Group cells into the same row band by exact top coordinate. A TSR
+	// cross-product grid (GroupCells) assigns every cell in a row the SAME
+	// Y0 value, and distinct rows differ by at least a row height, so a tiny
+	// epsilon is enough and never merges two real rows.
+	const yTol = 1e-6
+	for i := range cells {
+		c := &cells[i]
+		if c.X1 <= c.X0 || c.Y1 <= c.Y0 {
+			continue // degenerate / span-covered cell: not a fill target
+		}
+		rb := &rowBand{}
+		found := false
+		for ri := range rows {
+			if math.Abs(rows[ri].y0-c.Y0) <= yTol {
+				rb = &rows[ri]
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			rows = append(rows, rowBand{
+				y0: c.Y0, y1: c.Y1, stripX0: c.X0, stripX1: c.X1,
+			})
+			rb = &rows[len(rows)-1]
+		}
+		if c.X0 < rb.stripX0 {
+			rb.stripX0 = c.X0
+		}
+		if c.X1 > rb.stripX1 {
+			rb.stripX1 = c.X1
+		}
+		if c.Y1 > rb.y1 {
+			rb.y1 = c.Y1
+		}
+		rb.cells = append(rb.cells, i)
+	}
+	// Stable ordering: rows top-to-bottom, cells left-to-right (matches
+	// Python's first-wins tie-breaking in find_overlapped_with_threshold /
+	// find_horizontally_tightest_fit).
+	sort.Slice(rows, func(i, j int) bool { return rows[i].y0 < rows[j].y0 })
+	for ri := range rows {
+		sort.Slice(rows[ri].cells, func(a, b int) bool {
+			return cells[rows[ri].cells[a]].X0 < cells[rows[ri].cells[b]].X0
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Accumulate box text per target cell so multiple boxes in one cell join.
+	cellText := make([]string, len(cells))
+	cellFilled := make([]bool, len(cells))
+	matched := 0
+
+	for bi := range boxes {
+		b := boxes[bi]
+		if IsCaptionBox(b.Text, b.LayoutType) {
+			continue
+		}
+		boxArea := util.Area(&b)
+		if boxArea <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// 1. Best row by vertical-overlap ratio (>= 0.3), tie-broken by _ov.
+		bestR := -1
+		bestOv, bestOv2 := 0.3, 0.0
+		for ri := range rows {
+			rb := &rows[ri]
+			if math.Min(b.Bottom, rb.y1)-math.Max(b.Top, rb.y0) <= 0 {
+				continue // no vertical overlap
+			}
+			strip := pdf.TSRCell{X0: rb.stripX0, Y0: rb.y0, X1: rb.stripX1, Y1: rb.y1}
+			inter := util.OverlapInter(&strip, &b)
+			ov := inter / boxArea
+			ov2 := 0.0
+			if a := util.Area(&strip); a > 0 {
+				ov2 = inter / a
+			}
+			// Skip unless strictly better than the current best, mirroring
+			// Python's (ov, _ov) tuple ordering in find_overlapped_with_threshold.
+			if !(ov > bestOv || (ov == bestOv && ov2 > bestOv2)) {
 				continue
 			}
-			if BoxMatchesCell(cells[ci], b, cells[ci].Text == "") {
-				matched++
-				t := strings.TrimSpace(b.Text)
-				if t != "" {
-					matches = append(matches, t)
-				}
+			bestR, bestOv, bestOv2 = ri, ov, ov2
+		}
+		if bestR < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// 2. Tightest column within the matched row (no threshold).
+		rb := &rows[bestR]
+		bestC := -1
+		bestDis := 1e9
+		for _, ci := range rb.cells {
+			c := &cells[ci]
+			if math.Min(b.Bottom, c.Y1)-math.Max(b.Top, c.Y0) <= 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if dis := tightestColumnDistance(&b, c); dis < bestDis {
+				bestDis, bestC = dis, ci
 			}
 		}
-		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			cells[ci].Text = strings.Join(matches, " ")
-			filled++
+		if bestC < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// 3. Assign, preserving the 0.85 guard for pre-filled cells only.
+		target := &cells[bestC]
+		if target.Text != "" && !BoxMatchesCell(*target, b, false) {
+			continue
+		}
+		t := strings.TrimSpace(b.Text)
+		if t == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if cellFilled[bestC] {
+			cellText[bestC] += " " + t
+		} else {
+			cellText[bestC] = t
+			cellFilled[bestC] = true
+		}
+		matched++
+	}
+
+	for i := range cells {
+		if cellFilled[i] {
+			cells[i].Text = cellText[i]
 		}
 	}
-	slog.Debug("fillCellTextFromBoxes done", "cell_box_matches", matched, "cells_filled", filled)
+	slog.Debug("fillCellTextFromBoxes done", "box_cell_matches", matched, "cells_filled", matched)
 }
 
-// boxMatchesCell reports whether a text box's text should be assigned
-// to a TSR cell.  When the cell already has text (from TSR), the box
-// must be mostly inside the cell (≥85% of box area).  When the cell
-// is empty, any overlap suffices — matching Python's _table_transformer_job
-// which fills cells from overlapping PDF boxes with thr=0.3.
+// tightestColumnDistance mirrors Python's find_horizontally_tightest_fit
+// distance metric: the minimum of the left-edge gap, right-edge gap, and
+// half the center gap. Smaller means the box sits tighter against the cell.
+func tightestColumnDistance(b *pdf.TextBox, c *pdf.TSRCell) float64 {
+	dis := math.Min(math.Abs(b.X0-c.X0), math.Abs(b.X1-c.X1))
+	if center := math.Abs((b.X0+b.X1)-(c.X0+c.X1)) / 2; center < dis {
+		dis = center
+	}
+	return dis
+}
+
+// BoxMatchesCell reports whether a text box's text may be assigned to a
+// TSR cell. The threshold is two-stage:
+//   - empty cell:        inter/boxArea >= 0.3  — matches Python's
+//     find_overlapped_with_threshold default (thr=0.3), which fills cells from
+//     overlapping PDF boxes uniformly.
+//   - cell already has text: inter/boxArea >= 0.85 — Go-only guard, NOT in
+//     Python. In the rotated-table path (table_extract.go) ocrTableCells
+//     pre-fills cells with per-cell OCR text; the 0.85 bar stops a
+//     weakly-overlapping detected box from corrupting/overriding that OCR
+//     result. Python has no per-cell OCR at this stage, so it never raises the
+//     threshold. This is a deliberate go_intentional divergence: it can drop a
+//     legitimate secondary text fragment (a box overlapping 30-85%) that
+//     Python would keep.
+//
+// FillCellTextFromBoxes uses only the 0.85 branch (cellIsEmpty=false) as the
+// guard for PRE-FILLED cells; for empty cells it relies on the row/column
+// selection (which already enforces >= 0.3 vertical overlap, matching Python).
+// BoxMatchesCell remains the canonical "does this box match this exact cell"
+// primitive and is directly unit-tested.
 func BoxMatchesCell(cell pdf.TSRCell, box pdf.TextBox, cellIsEmpty bool) bool {
 	inter := util.OverlapInter(&cell, &box)
 	boxArea := util.Area(&box)
diff --git a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_construct_test.go b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_construct_test.go
index 2a269a420a..97d7a62ed5 100644
--- a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_construct_test.go
+++ b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_construct_test.go
@@ -393,8 +393,10 @@ func TestExtractTableAndReplace_OnlyTableBoxes(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestFillCellText_RCOverSpatial(t *testing.T) {
-	// Box at X=30-270 overlaps all 3 cells (>30% each — spatial fills ALL).
-	// With R/C, it belongs only to cell[1] (R=0, C=1).
+	// Box at X=30-270 overlaps all 3 cells, but Python assigns it to exactly
+	// ONE cell via greedy best row + tightest column. With R/C it belongs to
+	// cell[1] (R=0, C=1); spatial fill must now agree (single assignment, the
+	// go_bug #1 fix) instead of duplicating across all overlapping cells.
 	cells := []pdf.TSRCell{
 		{X0: 0, Y0: 0, X1: 100, Y1: 30, Label: "table"},
 		{X0: 90, Y0: 0, X1: 200, Y1: 30, Label: "table"},
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@ func TestFillCellText_RCOverSpatial(t *testing.T) {
 		{X0: 30, X1: 270, Top: 0, Bottom: 30, Text: "TEXT", LayoutType: "table", R: 0, C: 1},
 	}
 
-	// Spatial fill: fills ALL overlapping cells → duplication.
+	// Spatial fill: assigns the box to the single tightest column (cell[1]).
 	cellsCopy := make([]pdf.TSRCell, 3)
 	copy(cellsCopy, cells)
 	FillCellTextFromBoxes(cellsCopy, boxes)
@@ -414,10 +416,10 @@ func TestFillCellText_RCOverSpatial(t *testing.T) {
 			spatialCount++
 		}
 	}
-	if spatialCount <= 1 {
-		t.Errorf("spatial fill: expected >1 cells with text, got %d", spatialCount)
+	if spatialCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("spatial fill: expected exactly 1 cell with text, got %d", spatialCount)
 	}
-	t.Logf("spatial fill: %d cells (WRONG — duplication)", spatialCount)
+	t.Logf("spatial fill: %d cell (single assignment, matches R/C)", spatialCount)
 
 	// R/C fill: only cell matching box.R/C gets text.
 	cellsRC := make([]pdf.TSRCell, 3)
diff --git a/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/testdata/parity/known_diffs.json b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/testdata/parity/known_diffs.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57a456586d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/testdata/parity/known_diffs.json
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "rules": [
+    {
+      "id": "table-cell-fill-filled-threshold-0.85",
+      "tag": "go_intentional",
+      "kind": "threshold",
+      "applies_to": ["*"],
+      "fields": ["BoxMatchesCell"],
+      "permanent": true,
+      "reason": "BoxMatchesCell (internal/deepdoc/parser/pdf/table/table_cells.go) uses a two-stage overlap threshold: empty cell -> inter/boxArea >= 0.3 (matches Python find_overlapped_with_threshold default thr=0.3, which fills cells from overlapping PDF boxes uniformly); filled cell -> >= 0.85. The 0.85 branch has NO Python equivalent. It is reached only in the rotated-table path: table_extract.go calls ocrTableCells (parser_ocr.go) to pre-fill each cell with per-cell OCR text BEFORE FillCellTextFromBoxes runs (table_extract.go), and the 0.85 bar stops a weakly-overlapping detected text box from corrupting/overriding that OCR result. Python has no per-cell OCR at this stage, so it never raises the threshold and would join a 30-85%-overlapping secondary box (e.g. cell='Total' + a box '元' overlapping 60% -> Python 'Total 元', Go 'Total'). This is a deliberate go_intentional divergence, not a regression target. It is locked by TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PrefilledCellDropsSecondaryBox and TestBoxMatchesCell_FilledCellWeakOverlapRejected in table_cell_spatial_test.go; the Go-only rationale is documented in the BoxMatchesCell doc comment (table_cells.go). NOTE: if we later unify the pipeline to always run FillCellTextFromBoxes (empty cell, 0.3) before ocrTableCells fills only remaining empties — matching the non-rotated path — this threshold can be removed entirely and full parity with Python restored. Until then it stays permanent."
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "table-cell-fill-multi-assignment",
+      "tag": "go_bug",
+      "kind": "assignment_cardinality",
+      "applies_to": ["*"],
+      "fields": ["FillCellTextFromBoxes", "BoxMatchesCell"],
+      "owner_fix_side": "go",
+      "status": "resolved",
+      "resolution": "FillCellTextFromBoxes now assigns each box to exactly ONE cell (best row by vertical-overlap ratio >= 0.3, tie-broken by inter/rowArea; then tightest column by horizontal edge/center distance). The many-to-many 2-D cell-overlap filter was removed. Regression: TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_BoxOverlappingTwoCells_SingleAssignment.",
+      "tracking": "Replicate Python's one-box-to-one-cell greedy assignment: for each box pick the best row (vertical overlap >= 0.3) and the tightest column, then assign to that single (row,column) cell.",
+      "reason": "FillCellTextFromBoxes (table_cells.go) matched each box against EVERY cross-product cell where inter/boxArea >= 0.3 and injected the box text into ALL of them (many-to-many threshold filter). Python's construct_table assigns each box to exactly ONE cell via greedy best row (find_overlapped_with_threshold, inter/boxArea >= 0.3) intersected with tightest column (find_horizontally_tightest_fit). A box straddling two cell boundaries was therefore DUPLICATED into both cells in Go, but appears once in Python. This was an implementation divergence in the box→cell assignment step (NOT an architecture difference — both sides build the grid from TSR rows×columns via cross-product; see deepdoc_table_builder.go GroupCells vs Python construct_table). Exposed by the now-fixed TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_BoxOverlappingTwoCells_SingleAssignment."
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "table-cell-fill-column-algorithm",
+      "tag": "go_bug",
+      "kind": "match_primitive",
+      "applies_to": ["*"],
+      "fields": ["FillCellTextFromBoxes", "BoxMatchesCell"],
+      "owner_fix_side": "go",
+      "status": "resolved",
+      "resolution": "FillCellTextFromBoxes selects the target cell via best row (vertical-overlap ratio >= 0.3 on the full-width row strip) intersected with tightest column (find_horizontally_tightest_fit, no threshold). The single 2-D cell-intersection 0.3 test is gone. Regression: TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PythonAssignsGoRejects_2DThreshold_FIXED.",
+      "tracking": "Replace the single 2-D cell-overlap test with Python's two-step assignment: best row by vertical overlap (inter/boxArea >= 0.3, since rows span full width) AND tightest column by horizontal edge/center distance (find_horizontally_tightest_fit, no threshold), then assign to that (row,column) cell.",
+      "reason": "Go tested the 0.3 threshold against the 2-D cell intersection (inter/boxArea on the cell rectangle). Python tests 0.3 against the 1-D VERTICAL overlap with the row (rows span the full table width, so overlapped_area(box,row)/boxArea ≈ vertical fraction) and chooses the column by find_horizontally_tightest_fit (vertical overlap required + minimal horizontal edge/center distance, NO threshold). Consequently a box Python assigns to (row,column) was REJECTED by Go when its 2-D cell intersection was < 30% of box area even though its vertical row overlap was >= 30% (e.g. a tall narrow box: row overlap 30%, column tightest, but 2-D = 30% * horizontal_fraction < 30%). Implementation divergence only (same grid construction on both sides). Exposed by the now-fixed TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_PythonAssignsGoRejects_2DThreshold_FIXED."
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "table-cell-fill-no-best-match-tiebreak",
+      "tag": "go_bug",
+      "kind": "selection",
+      "applies_to": ["*"],
+      "fields": ["FillCellTextFromBoxes", "BoxMatchesCell"],
+      "owner_fix_side": "go",
+      "status": "resolved",
+      "resolution": "FillCellTextFromBoxes assigns each box to the single tightest column, so a box overlapping several cells lands in only the tightest one (matching Python, which keeps the single best via its ov/_ov ordering). Regression: TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_EqualBoxRatioSingleAssignment.",
+      "tracking": "When several cells qualify for a box at equal box-area ratio, keep only the single best (max inter/boxArea, tie-broken by inter/cellArea, mirroring Python's ov/_ov ordering) instead of filling all.",
+      "reason": "Python's find_overlapped_with_threshold orders candidates by (ov=inter/boxArea, _ov=inter/cellArea) and returns the single best, using cell-area ratio as a tie-break. Go's FillCellTextFromBoxes filled EVERY qualifying cell and never considered inter/cellArea. So a box overlapping several cells at the same box-area ratio was duplicated into all of them in Go, whereas Python keeps only the one it best fills (highest cell-area ratio). Implementation divergence only (same grid construction on both sides). Exposed by the now-fixed TestFillCellTextFromBoxes_EqualBoxRatioSingleAssignment."
+    }
+  ]
+}