diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag.py b/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag.py
index 8914d5f68f..4d8d854b78 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag.py
@@ -33,9 +33,11 @@ the fast non-tool-calling path.
 import logging
 import re
 from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import Any, List
+from typing import Any
 
 import json_repair
+
+from api.db.db_models import Document, Knowledgebase
 from api.db.services.doc_metadata_service import DocMetadataService
 from api.db.services.document_service import DocumentService
 from api.db.services.knowledgebase_service import KnowledgebaseService
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ from common import settings
 from common.misc_utils import thread_pool_exec
 from common.token_utils import num_tokens_from_string
 from rag.advanced_rag.agentic_rag_graph import _split_think_stream
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import CountingChatModel, LLMUsageStats, in_phase, using_stats
 from rag.app.tag import label_question
 from rag.llm.tool_decorator import tool
 from rag.prompts.generator import (
@@ -55,10 +58,8 @@ from rag.prompts.generator import (
     multi_queries_gen,
     sufficiency_select,
 )
-from api.db.db_models import Document, Knowledgebase
 from rag.utils.web_search_conn import WebSearchProvider
 
-
 # Tokens held back from the model's context when fitting retrieved evidence
 # into the sufficiency / follow-up prompts. The evidence sits in the MIDDLE of
 # those templates (question first, JSON output rules last), so if the combined
@@ -87,9 +88,65 @@ _RAG_CACHE_MIN_SHARED = 2
 # Lightweight stopwords for the cross-`rag`-call dedup only. Never reused for
 # retrieval/answer quality.
 _RAG_CACHE_STOPWORDS = frozenset(
-    "the a an is was were what which when where who how of in to for and or but on at by be as it that this"
-    " about with their its have has had been being from over under do does did not no yes can could should would"
-    " also only very much more most some any".split()
+    [
+        "the",
+        "a",
+        "an",
+        "is",
+        "was",
+        "were",
+        "what",
+        "which",
+        "when",
+        "where",
+        "who",
+        "how",
+        "of",
+        "in",
+        "to",
+        "for",
+        "and",
+        "or",
+        "but",
+        "on",
+        "at",
+        "by",
+        "be",
+        "as",
+        "it",
+        "that",
+        "this",
+        "about",
+        "with",
+        "their",
+        "its",
+        "have",
+        "has",
+        "had",
+        "been",
+        "being",
+        "from",
+        "over",
+        "under",
+        "do",
+        "does",
+        "did",
+        "not",
+        "no",
+        "yes",
+        "can",
+        "could",
+        "should",
+        "would",
+        "also",
+        "only",
+        "very",
+        "much",
+        "more",
+        "most",
+        "some",
+        "any",
+    ]
 )
 
 
@@ -141,11 +198,11 @@ class RAGTools:
         tenant_ids: list[str],
         chat_mdl: LLMBundle,
         embed_mdl: LLMBundle | None = None,
-        kb_ids: List[str] | None = None,
+        kb_ids: list[str] | None = None,
         kbs: list[Knowledgebase] | None = None,
         web_search: WebSearchProvider | None = None,
         meta_data_filter: dict | None = None,
-        doc_scope: List[str] | None = None,
+        doc_scope: list[str] | None = None,
         user_defined_prompts: dict | None = None,
         empty_response: str = "",
         do_refer: bool | None = True,
@@ -153,7 +210,11 @@ class RAGTools:
         text_attachments_content: str = "",
     ):
         self.tenant_ids = tenant_ids
-        self.chat_mdl = chat_mdl.clone()
+        # P0 instrumentation: count LLM calls / token usage per harness phase.
+        # The wrapper proxies every ``async_chat*`` entry point (and ``clone``)
+        # of the bundle, keeping the rest of the harness untouched.
+        self.llm_stats = LLMUsageStats()
+        self.chat_mdl = CountingChatModel(chat_mdl.clone(), self.llm_stats)
         self.embed_mdl = embed_mdl
         self.thinking_mode = thinking_mode
         self.field_map = {}
@@ -228,7 +289,7 @@ class RAGTools:
     def has_llm(self) -> bool:
         return self.chat_mdl is not None
 
-    def scoped_doc_ids(self, doc_scope: List[str] | None = None) -> List[str] | None:
+    def scoped_doc_ids(self, doc_scope: list[str] | None = None) -> list[str] | None:
         if self.doc_scope is None:
             return doc_scope
         if not doc_scope:
@@ -274,7 +335,8 @@ class RAGTools:
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
     # Graph node helpers (plain async methods — never exposed as tools)
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
-    async def formalize(self, messages: List[Any]) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    @in_phase("formalize")
+    async def formalize(self, messages: list[Any]) -> tuple[str, str]:
         """Rewrite the latest user message into a standalone question AND derive
         its search keywords (each with close synonyms), in one LLM call.
 
@@ -347,7 +409,7 @@ class RAGTools:
         keywords = str(keywords).strip()
         return question, keywords
 
-    async def pick_documents(self, question: str) -> List[str] | None:
+    async def pick_documents(self, question: str) -> list[str] | None:
         """Narrow the search to a document subset for ``question``.
 
         Uses document metadata when the bound KBs carry any (mirrors the old
@@ -367,7 +429,7 @@ class RAGTools:
         ids = await self._select_by_titles(question)
         return ids or None
 
-    async def _filter_by_metadata(self, question: str, metas: dict) -> List[str]:
+    async def _filter_by_metadata(self, question: str, metas: dict) -> list[str]:
         filters = await gen_meta_filter(self.chat_mdl, metas, question)
         logging.debug(f"Metadata filter(auto) generated: {filters}")
         conditions = filters.get("conditions") or []
@@ -386,7 +448,7 @@ class RAGTools:
             return []
         return doc_ids or []
 
-    async def _select_by_titles(self, question: str, max_docs: int = 512) -> List[str]:
+    async def _select_by_titles(self, question: str, max_docs: int = 512) -> list[str]:
         docs = await thread_pool_exec(self._collect_doc_titles, max_docs)
         if not docs:
             return []
@@ -448,7 +510,7 @@ class RAGTools:
         self,
         question: str,
         keywords: str | list = "",
-        doc_scope: List[str] | None = None,
+        doc_scope: list[str] | None = None,
         top_n: int = 6,
         similarity_threshold: float = 0.2,
         using_embedding: bool = False,
@@ -565,6 +627,7 @@ class RAGTools:
         _, msg = message_fit_in(form_message(question, evidence_md), budget)
         return msg[-1]["content"]
 
+    @in_phase("sufficiency")
     async def judge_sufficiency(self, question: str, evidence_md: str) -> dict:
         """Judge whether ``evidence_md`` answers ``question`` and pick useful chunks.
 
@@ -580,7 +643,8 @@ class RAGTools:
             logging.exception("judge_sufficiency failed")
             return {}
 
-    async def gen_followups(self, question: str, query: str, missing: List[str], evidence_md: str) -> List[dict]:
+    @in_phase("sufficiency")
+    async def gen_followups(self, question: str, query: str, missing: list[str], evidence_md: str) -> list[dict]:
         """Generate complementary follow-up (question, query) pairs for gaps."""
         evidence_md = self._fit_evidence(question, evidence_md)
         try:
@@ -653,36 +717,40 @@ class RAGTools:
 
         if self.tool_started_sink is not None:
             self.tool_started_sink()
-        # P0: reuse a near-identical question's cached answer instead of re-running
-        # the whole agentic graph. Significant-keyword overlap (>= min_overlap AND
-        # >=2 shared words, and matching numbers) collapses the re-ask pattern
-        # while leaving genuinely different questions untouched. Attachments bypass
-        # the cache (their content is appended to the question message below).
-        if question and not self.text_attachments_content:
-            qk = _question_keywords(question)
-            if self._rag_cache:
-                for cached_q, (cached_answer, cached_gram) in list(self._rag_cache.items()):
-                    if cached_gram and _cache_similar(qk, cached_gram):
-                        shared = len(qk[0] & cached_gram[0])
-                        _LOG.info("[rag] Reusing cached answer for near-identical question %r (%d shared words); skipping re-research.", question, shared)
-                        return cached_answer
+        # Per-call instrumentation: each `rag` invocation gets its own stats
+        # object (bound through the per-task ContextVar), so parallel calls
+        # report independent usage instead of one shared cumulative sink.
+        with using_stats(LLMUsageStats()) as call_stats:
+            # P0: reuse a near-identical question's cached answer instead of re-running
+            # the whole agentic graph. Significant-keyword overlap (>= min_overlap AND
+            # >=2 shared words, and matching numbers) collapses the re-ask pattern
+            # while leaving genuinely different questions untouched. Attachments bypass
+            # the cache (their content is appended to the question message below).
+            if question and not self.text_attachments_content:
+                qk = _question_keywords(question)
+                if self._rag_cache:
+                    for cached_q, (cached_answer, cached_gram) in list(self._rag_cache.items()):
+                        if cached_gram and _cache_similar(qk, cached_gram):
+                            shared = len(qk[0] & cached_gram[0])
+                            _LOG.info("[Agentic RAG] Cache hit — reused prior answer for near-identical question %r (%d shared words); skipped research.", question, shared)
+                            return cached_answer
 
-        messages = [{"role": "user", "content": question}] if question else []
-        if self.text_attachments_content and messages:
-            messages[-1]["content"] += self.text_attachments_content
-        final = ""
-        async for kind, delta in _split_think_stream(run_agentic_rag(self, messages)):
-            if kind == "answer":
-                final += delta
-            if self.answer_sink is not None:
-                self.answer_sink(delta, kind == "think")
-        for p, r in [(r"\(\**(ID:\d)\**\)", "[\1]")]:
-            final = re.sub(p, r, final)
+            messages = [{"role": "user", "content": question}] if question else []
+            if self.text_attachments_content and messages:
+                messages[-1]["content"] += self.text_attachments_content
+            final = ""
+            async for kind, delta in _split_think_stream(run_agentic_rag(self, messages)):
+                if kind == "answer":
+                    final += delta
+                if self.answer_sink is not None:
+                    self.answer_sink(delta, kind == "think")
+            final = re.sub(r"\(\**(ID:\d+)\**\)", r"[\1]", final)
 
-        # Cache the freshly produced answer for later near-identical questions.
-        if question and final and not self.text_attachments_content:
-            self._rag_cache[question] = (final, _question_keywords(question))
-        return final
+            # Cache the freshly produced answer for later near-identical questions.
+            if question and final and not self.text_attachments_content:
+                self._rag_cache[question] = (final, _question_keywords(question))
+            call_stats.log()
+            return final
 
     @tool
     async def summarize_document(self, doc_id: str) -> list[str]:
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag_graph.py b/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag_graph.py
index d9ac823445..743f486112 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag_graph.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/agentic_rag_graph.py
@@ -33,12 +33,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 import json
-import re
 import logging
+import re
 from typing import Any, TypedDict
 
 from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph
 
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 from rag.prompts.generator import form_message, kb_prompt, message_fit_in
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -277,6 +278,7 @@ def build_agentic_graph(tools, token_queue: asyncio.Queue, gen_conf: dict | None
     answer_conf = dict(gen_conf) if gen_conf else {"temperature": 0.3}
 
     # ── Node: formalize_question ──
+    @in_phase("formalize")
     async def formalize_question(state: AgenticState) -> dict:
         msgs = state.get("messages") or []
         _LOG.info("[Formalizing the question] Reading the conversation (%d message(s)) to work out the standalone question...", len(msgs))
@@ -294,6 +296,7 @@ def build_agentic_graph(tools, token_queue: asyncio.Queue, gen_conf: dict | None
         }
 
     # ── Node: route ──
+    @in_phase("route")
     async def route(state: AgenticState) -> dict:
         from rag.advanced_rag.harness.route import route_node
 
@@ -330,18 +333,21 @@ def build_agentic_graph(tools, token_queue: asyncio.Queue, gen_conf: dict | None
         return {"seed_chunks": chunks}
 
     # ── Node: planner ──
+    @in_phase("planner")
     async def planner(state: AgenticState) -> dict:
         from rag.advanced_rag.harness.planner import planner_node
 
         return await planner_node(state, tools)
 
     # ── Node: orchestrator_loop ──
+    @in_phase("orchestrator")
     async def orchestrator_loop(state: AgenticState) -> dict:
         from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator import orchestrator_loop as _run
 
         return await _run(state, tools)
 
     # ── Node: formalize_answer ──
+    @in_phase("finalize")
     async def formalize_answer(state: AgenticState) -> dict:
         kbinfos = state.get("kbinfos") or {"chunks": [], "doc_aggs": []}
         question = state.get("question") or ""
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/agent.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/agent.py
index 9aa43b8215..eaa59263a1 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/agent.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/agent.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from rag.advanced_rag.harness.prompts.research_agent_prompt import (
     RESEARCH_AGENT_PROMPT,
     RESEARCH_AGENT_TEXT_PROMPT,
 )
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ def _build_tool_schemas(gated_defs: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
     return schemas
 
 
+@in_phase("claim_research")
 async def research_agent_loop(
     claim: ClaimTarget,
     tools,
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/__init__.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/__init__.py
index f2cd291b4d..d4efbbadd6 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/__init__.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/__init__.py
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@
 import logging
 
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.config import get_mode
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.direct import direct_search
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.decompose import decompose_and_search
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.agentic import agentic_research
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.decompose import decompose_and_search
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.direct import direct_search
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+@in_phase("orchestrator")
 async def orchestrator_loop(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     """Main orchestrator — dispatch to strategy based on thinking mode."""
     route = state.get("route")
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ async def orchestrator_loop(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     mode_label = route.thinking_mode if isinstance(route, dict) else route.thinking_mode
     mode = get_mode(mode_label)
 
-    _LOG.info("[Orchestrator] Researching with the \"%s\" approach (%s thinking).", mode.execution_strategy, mode_label)
+    _LOG.info('[Orchestrator] Researching with the "%s" approach (%s thinking).', mode.execution_strategy, mode_label)
 
     if mode.execution_strategy == "direct_search":
         return await direct_search(state, tools)
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/agentic.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/agentic.py
index b29dacf35a..4eac560b84 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/agentic.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/agentic.py
@@ -3,20 +3,21 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.types import (
-    ClaimTarget,
-    AgentResult,
-    OrchestratorContext,
-)
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.config import get_mode
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.pipeline import Pipeline
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.agent import research_agent_loop
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.config import get_mode
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.sufficiency_llm import llm_sufficiency_boost
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.pipeline import Pipeline
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase, record_round, record_round_claims
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.sufficiency import (
-    cross_check_claim,
     compute_fusion_score,
+    cross_check_claim,
     route_sufficiency_verdict,
 )
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.sufficiency_llm import llm_sufficiency_boost
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.types import (
+    AgentResult,
+    ClaimTarget,
+    OrchestratorContext,
+)
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CLAIM_RESEARCH_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 180
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ def _discovered_entity(tools) -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
+@in_phase("orchestrator")
 async def agentic_research(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     """Two-level loop for high/ultra modes."""
     question = state.get("question", "")
@@ -76,12 +78,16 @@ async def agentic_research(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     _STAGNATION_CYCLES = 2  # rounds with no meaningful gain before giving up
     _STAGNATION_GAIN = 0.05  # minimum fusion-score improvement to count
 
+    rounds_run = 0
     for cycle in range(mode.max_orchestrator_cycles):
+        rounds_run = cycle + 1
         ctx.iteration = cycle
+        record_round("orchestrator")
         _LOG.info("[Agentic research] Research round %d of %d — %d step(s) still unanswered.", cycle + 1, mode.max_orchestrator_cycles, sum(1 for c in ctx.claims if not c.is_verified))
 
         # ── Step A: Research unverified claims (parallel if mode allows) ──
         unverified = [c for c in ctx.claims if not c.is_verified]
+        record_round_claims("claim_research", len(unverified))
 
         if unverified:
             # Consume Phase-2 follow-up queries (missing-pieces feedback) ONCE for
@@ -262,12 +268,12 @@ async def agentic_research(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
         _LOG.info("[Agentic research] Round %d: evidence looks %s (confidence %.0f%%) — next: %s", cycle + 1, verdict.status, verdict.score * 100, action)
 
         if action == "ANSWER":
-            return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=False)
+            return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=False, loop=rounds_run)
         if action == "ANSWER_PARTIAL":
-            return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=True)
+            return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=True, loop=rounds_run)
         if action == "ABSTAIN":
             tools.kbinfos["chunks"] = []
-            return {"verdict": verdict.__dict__, "abstain": True}
+            return {"verdict": verdict.__dict__, "abstain": True, "loop": rounds_run}
         if action == "REPLAN":
             # Ultra: re-plan on low score. Ground the new plan on the evidence
             # gathered so far, and carry still-valid verified claims over so a
@@ -289,10 +295,10 @@ async def agentic_research(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
             seen = {c.description for c in verified}
             ctx.claims = verified + [c for c in new_by_desc.values() if c.description not in seen]
         if action == "FALLBACK_LLM":
-            return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=True, fallback=True)
+            return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=True, fallback=True, loop=rounds_run)
 
     # Max cycles reached
-    return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=True)
+    return _finalize(ctx, tools, partial=True, loop=rounds_run)
 
 
 async def _run_claim_research(
@@ -312,7 +318,7 @@ async def _run_claim_research(
         )
     except asyncio.CancelledError:
         raise
-    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+    except TimeoutError:
         _LOG.warning(
             '[Agentic research] Gave up on "%s" — it took longer than %ss.',
             _snip(claim.description),
@@ -348,12 +354,13 @@ async def _run_claim_research(
     return result
 
 
-def _finalize(ctx: OrchestratorContext, tools, partial: bool = False, fallback: bool = False) -> dict:
+def _finalize(ctx: OrchestratorContext, tools, partial: bool = False, fallback: bool = False, loop: int = 0) -> dict:
     """Merge agent results into kbinfos and return."""
     _merge_agent_results(ctx, tools)
     return {
         "verdict": ctx.verdict.__dict__ if ctx.verdict else None,
         "partial_answer": partial or fallback,
+        "loop": loop,
         "kbinfos": tools.kbinfos,
     }
 
@@ -452,8 +459,8 @@ async def _add_template_group_compilations(comps: set[str], parser_config: dict,
     if not tenant_id:
         return
     try:
-        from common.misc_utils import thread_pool_exec
         from api.db.services.compilation_template_group_service import CompilationTemplateGroupService
+        from common.misc_utils import thread_pool_exec
         from rag.svr.task_executor_refactor.chunk_post_processor import (
             _parser_config_compilation_template_group_ids,
         )
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/decompose.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/decompose.py
index 33af96f393..4e28cee33a 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/decompose.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/decompose.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from rag.advanced_rag.harness.sufficiency import (
     route_sufficiency_verdict,
 )
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.orchestrator.sufficiency_llm import llm_sufficiency_boost
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.tools.search import hybrid_search
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ Return JSON:
 Only list in grounded the facts you actually SAW in the evidence; prior-knowledge guesses go in gaps. If the claim is numerical or multi-hop and the evidence has multiple close-but-different figures, disclose all of them in numbers rather than silently picking one."""
 
 
+@in_phase("decompose")
 async def decompose_and_search(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     """Decompose, retrieve, analyze evidence, then iterate with next-hop queries."""
     question = state.get("question", "")
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/direct.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/direct.py
index d7c1fc43b3..ed2b3126c5 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/direct.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/direct.py
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 
 import logging
 
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.tools.search import hybrid_search
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+@in_phase("direct")
 async def direct_search(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     """Single hybrid search → merge into kbinfos."""
     question = state.get("question", "")
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/grounded_llm.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/grounded_llm.py
index fb53b19c88..6cd64e48f1 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/grounded_llm.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/grounded_llm.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 from rag.prompts.generator import PROMPT_JINJA_ENV, gen_json
 from rag.prompts.template import load_prompt
 
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ def _render_reports(reports: list[tuple[str, str]]) -> str:
     return "\n".join(f"Claim {cid}: {rpt}" for cid, rpt in reports if rpt)
 
 
+@in_phase("grounded")
 async def llm_grounded_verify(
     tools,
     question: str,
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/sufficiency_llm.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/sufficiency_llm.py
index 70bdb74fe8..50756eb74c 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/sufficiency_llm.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/orchestrator/sufficiency_llm.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 import re
 
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.types import SufficiencyVerdict
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ def _evidence_md(tools, evidence_ids=None, keywords: str | None = None) -> str:
     return "\n\n".join(blocks)
 
 
+@in_phase("sufficiency")
 async def llm_sufficiency_boost(
     tools,
     question: str,
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/planner.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/planner.py
index 51c40b4a98..126675aef7 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/planner.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/planner.py
@@ -4,15 +4,17 @@ import json
 import logging
 import re
 
+from common.token_utils import num_tokens_from_string
 from rag.advanced_rag.agentic_rag_graph import _snip
-from rag.advanced_rag.harness.types import ClaimTarget, WorkflowPlan, RouteDecision
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.config import get_mode
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.prompts.decompose_prompts import (
-    DECOMPOSE_FACTUAL,
     DECOMPOSE_COMPARATIVE,
-    DECOMPOSE_PROCEDURAL,
     DECOMPOSE_EXPLORATORY,
+    DECOMPOSE_FACTUAL,
+    DECOMPOSE_PROCEDURAL,
 )
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.types import ClaimTarget, RouteDecision, WorkflowPlan
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ def _extract_json(text: str) -> dict:
             return {}
 
 
+@in_phase("planner")
 async def planner_node(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     """Planner node — decompose question into claims based on question type."""
     route: RouteDecision = state.get("route")
@@ -123,13 +126,21 @@ async def planner_node(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
 def _format_seed_chunks(seed_chunks, tools) -> str:
     """Render preliminary-search chunks as grounding context for the planner."""
     if not seed_chunks:
+        _LOG.info("[Planner] No preliminary passages — grounding the plan without seed chunks.")
         return "(no preliminary results)"
     try:
         from rag.prompts.generator import kb_prompt
 
         blocks = kb_prompt({"chunks": seed_chunks, "doc_aggs": []}, tools.chat_mdl.max_length)
         text = "\n".join(blocks).strip()
-        return text or "(no preliminary results)"
+        if not text:
+            return "(no preliminary results)"
+        _LOG.info(
+            "[Planner] Grounding the plan with %d preliminary passage(s) (~%d tokens of grounding context).",
+            len(seed_chunks),
+            num_tokens_from_string(text),
+        )
+        return text
     except Exception:
         _LOG.exception("planner: failed to format seed chunks")
         return "(no preliminary results)"
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/route.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/route.py
index 641c83b5ab..fa5193fe05 100644
--- a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/route.py
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/route.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import re
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.types import RouteDecision
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.config import get_mode
 from rag.advanced_rag.harness.prompts.route_prompt import ROUTE_PROMPT
+from rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats import in_phase
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ def _extract_json(text: str) -> dict:
     return parsed
 
 
+@in_phase("route")
 async def route_node(state: dict, tools) -> dict:
     """Route node — analyze the question, produce RouteDecision."""
     question = state.get("question", "")
diff --git a/rag/advanced_rag/harness/stats.py b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/stats.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12a5780b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rag/advanced_rag/harness/stats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+"""LLM-call instrumentation for the agentic RAG harness.
+
+Every phase of the agentic pipeline (route / planner / orchestrator / agent /
+sufficiency / grounded / finalize, ...) drives the LLM through ``tools.chat_mdl``.
+``RAGTools`` wraps that bundle in a :class:`CountingChatModel` proxy which records,
+per phase, the number of LLM calls and the token usage reported by the provider.
+Phase wall-clock time is measured by :func:`phase` itself — unlike summed LLM
+latency, which is meaningless when calls run in parallel. The aggregate is
+emitted to the log when each ``rag`` call finishes.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import time
+from collections import defaultdict
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from functools import wraps
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+
+_LOG = logging.getLogger("rag.advanced_rag.harness.stats")
+
+_CURRENT_PHASE: ContextVar[str] = ContextVar("agentic_rag_llm_phase", default="unknown")
+_ACTIVE_PHASES: ContextVar[tuple[str, ...]] = ContextVar("agentic_rag_active_phases", default=())
+
+# Canonical pipeline order for the per-phase usage table. Phases are listed in
+# the order they execute across the (high/ultra) agentic pipeline so the log
+# reads top-to-bottom like the actual flow, regardless of which phase first
+# touched the stats counters. Any phase not in this list (e.g. a future
+# addition) is appended afterwards, alphabetically, as a safe fallback.
+_PHASE_ORDER = [
+    "formalize",
+    "route",
+    "pre_search",
+    "planner",
+    "decompose",
+    "direct",
+    "orchestrator",
+    "claim_research",
+    "sufficiency",
+    "grounded",
+    "finalize",
+]
+_PHASE_RANK = {name: i for i, name in enumerate(_PHASE_ORDER)}
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def phase(name: str):
+    """Run the enclosed block with the LLM-call phase set to ``name``.
+
+    Also accrues the block's wall-clock time into the active stats (the
+    per-call one bound by :func:`using_stats`, falling back to nothing), so
+    each phase reports how long it actually took to execute. Nested phases
+    (e.g. ``orchestrator`` containing ``agent``) overlap by design: the outer
+    wall-clock includes the inner one, so totals are not summed.
+
+    Re-entrancy: the same phase name may be wrapped several times along one
+    call path (graph node + implementation fn + orchestrator wrapper). Only
+    the outermost interval is timed — inner re-entries of the same name are
+    shadowed and contribute no wall-clock, preventing the time from being
+    counted 2-3 times.
+    """
+    token = _CURRENT_PHASE.set(name)
+    active = _ACTIVE_PHASES.get()
+    active_token = _ACTIVE_PHASES.set(active + (name,))
+    shadowed = name in active
+    stats = _CURRENT_STATS.get()
+    if stats is not None:
+        stats.note_start(name)
+        entry_round = stats.current_round
+        if not shadowed:
+            stats.note_phase_enter(name, entry_round)
+    else:
+        entry_round = 0
+        shadowed = True  # no stats object -> timing guarded by `if stats is not None` below
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _CURRENT_PHASE.reset(token)
+        _ACTIVE_PHASES.reset(active_token)
+        stats = _CURRENT_STATS.get()
+        if stats is not None and not shadowed:
+            stats.note_phase_exit(name, entry_round)
+
+
+def in_phase(name: str):
+    """Decorator: run the (async) function body inside :func:`phase`."""
+
+    def decorate(fn):
+        if iscoroutinefunction(fn):
+
+            @wraps(fn)
+            async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                with phase(name):
+                    return await fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return wrapper
+
+        @wraps(fn)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            with phase(name):
+                return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorate
+
+
+class LLMUsageStats:
+    """Per-phase LLM call, wall-clock & token counters for one agentic ``rag`` run."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.calls: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self.failed: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self.phase_time_ms: dict[str, float] = defaultdict(float)
+        self.prompt_tokens: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self.completion_tokens: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self.total_tokens: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self.rounds: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self.round_times: dict[str, list[float]] = defaultdict(list)
+        # Phase wall-clock split per orchestrator round (index 0 = round 1).
+        # A phase that runs multiple times inside one round (e.g. the agent
+        # researching several claims in parallel) accumulates into that round.
+        self.round_phase_times_ms: dict[str, list[float]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self.round_claim_counts: dict[str, list[int]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self._round_starts: dict[str, float] = {}
+        self._current_round: int = 0
+        self._phase_active_counts: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self._phase_starts: dict[str, float] = {}
+        self._round_phase_active_counts: dict[tuple[str, int], int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self._round_phase_starts: dict[tuple[str, int], float] = {}
+
+    @property
+    def current_round(self) -> int:
+        """Index (1-based) of the orchestrator round currently executing, 0 outside."""
+        return self._current_round
+
+    def note_start(self, phase_name: str) -> None:
+        """Hook called when a phase is entered (phase wall-clock is recorded
+        separately in :meth:`record_phase_time`). The log row order is fixed by
+        the canonical ``_PHASE_ORDER`` list, so nothing needs to be tracked here
+        anymore."""
+        return
+
+    def record_call(self, phase_name: str) -> None:
+        self.calls[phase_name] += 1
+
+    def record_failed(self, phase_name: str) -> None:
+        self.failed[phase_name] += 1
+
+    def _accumulate_phase_time(self, phase_name: str, elapsed_ms: float, entry_round: int = 0) -> None:
+        self.phase_time_ms[phase_name] += elapsed_ms
+        if entry_round > 0:
+            times = self.round_phase_times_ms[phase_name]
+            while len(times) < entry_round:
+                times.append(0.0)
+            times[entry_round - 1] += elapsed_ms
+        pending = self.rounds[phase_name] - len(self.round_times[phase_name])
+        if pending > 0:
+            settled = sum(self.round_times[phase_name])
+            self.round_times[phase_name].append(max(0.0, self.phase_time_ms[phase_name] - settled))
+            self._round_starts.pop(phase_name, None)
+        if phase_name == "orchestrator":
+            self._current_round = 0
+
+    def note_phase_enter(self, phase_name: str, entry_round: int = 0) -> None:
+        now = time.perf_counter()
+        self._phase_active_counts[phase_name] += 1
+        if self._phase_active_counts[phase_name] == 1:
+            self._phase_starts[phase_name] = now
+        if entry_round > 0:
+            key = (phase_name, entry_round)
+            self._round_phase_active_counts[key] += 1
+            if self._round_phase_active_counts[key] == 1:
+                self._round_phase_starts[key] = now
+
+    def note_phase_exit(self, phase_name: str, entry_round: int = 0) -> None:
+        now = time.perf_counter()
+        active = self._phase_active_counts.get(phase_name, 0)
+        if active > 0:
+            active -= 1
+            if active == 0:
+                start = self._phase_starts.pop(phase_name, now)
+                self._phase_active_counts.pop(phase_name, None)
+                self._accumulate_phase_time(phase_name, (now - start) * 1000.0, entry_round=0)
+            else:
+                self._phase_active_counts[phase_name] = active
+        if entry_round > 0:
+            key = (phase_name, entry_round)
+            active = self._round_phase_active_counts.get(key, 0)
+            if active > 0:
+                active -= 1
+                if active == 0:
+                    start = self._round_phase_starts.pop(key, now)
+                    self._round_phase_active_counts.pop(key, None)
+                    times = self.round_phase_times_ms[phase_name]
+                    while len(times) < entry_round:
+                        times.append(0.0)
+                    times[entry_round - 1] += (now - start) * 1000.0
+                else:
+                    self._round_phase_active_counts[key] = active
+
+    def record_usage(self, phase_name: str, usage: dict | None) -> None:
+        if not usage:
+            return
+        self.prompt_tokens[phase_name] += int(usage.get("prompt_tokens") or 0)
+        self.completion_tokens[phase_name] += int(usage.get("completion_tokens") or 0)
+        self.total_tokens[phase_name] += int(usage.get("total_tokens") or 0)
+
+    def record_round(self, phase_name: str) -> None:
+        """Count one iteration of a looping phase (e.g. an orchestrator cycle)
+        and close the previous iteration's wall-clock."""
+        self.rounds[phase_name] += 1
+        self._current_round = self.rounds[phase_name]
+        now = time.perf_counter()
+        prev = self._round_starts.pop(phase_name, None)
+        if prev is not None:
+            self.round_times[phase_name].append((now - prev) * 1000.0)
+        self._round_starts[phase_name] = now
+
+    def record_round_claims(self, phase_name: str, count: int) -> None:
+        if self._current_round <= 0:
+            return
+        counts = self.round_claim_counts[phase_name]
+        while len(counts) < self._current_round:
+            counts.append(0)
+        counts[self._current_round - 1] += int(count or 0)
+
+    def snapshot(self) -> dict[str, dict]:
+        known = set(self.calls) | set(self.failed) | set(self.total_tokens) | set(self.phase_time_ms) | set(self.rounds)
+        # Rows follow the canonical pipeline order (see _PHASE_ORDER) so the
+        # table reads like the actual execution flow. Phases not in the known
+        # list are appended afterwards, sorted, as a safe fallback.
+        phases = [p for p in _PHASE_ORDER if p in known]
+        phases += sorted(known - set(phases))
+        rows = {}
+        for p in phases:
+            per_round = self.round_phase_times_ms.get(p) or []
+            if per_round:
+                rounds, round_times = len(per_round), list(per_round)
+            else:
+                rounds, round_times = self.rounds[p], list(self.round_times[p])
+            rows[p] = {
+                "calls": self.calls[p],
+                "failed": self.failed[p],
+                "phase_time_ms": self.phase_time_ms[p],
+                "prompt_tokens": self.prompt_tokens[p],
+                "completion_tokens": self.completion_tokens[p],
+                "total_tokens": self.total_tokens[p],
+                "rounds": rounds,
+                "round_times": round_times,
+                "round_claim_counts": list(self.round_claim_counts.get(p) or []),
+            }
+        return rows
+
+    def log(self, logger: logging.Logger | None = None) -> None:
+        log = logger or _LOG
+        rows = self.snapshot()
+        if not rows:
+            # No LLM activity recorded (e.g. a cache hit that returned before
+            # any call). Still emit a line so every completed ``rag`` call is
+            # accounted for in the logs, instead of silently disappearing.
+            log.info("[Agentic RAG] LLM usage by phase: (cached / no LLM calls)")
+            return
+        total_calls = sum(r["calls"] for r in rows.values())
+        total_tokens = sum(r["total_tokens"] for r in rows.values())
+        header = f"  {'phase':<16} {'llm_calls':>7} {'prompt_tok':>10} {'output_tok':>12} {'total_tok':>10} {'time(s)':>10}"
+        lines = ["[Agentic RAG] LLM usage by phase:", header]
+
+        # With orchestrator-round data, expand the table hierarchically: each
+        # round repeats its ``orchestrator`` row with the nested sub-phases
+        # (agent/sufficiency/grounded) indented underneath. Time(s) is the
+        # per-round wall-clock; the token columns are the phase totals, repeated
+        # per round for readability. Phases outside the loop (route/planner/
+        # finalize) are listed flat afterwards.
+        per_round = self.round_phase_times_ms
+        orch_rt = self.round_times.get("orchestrator") or []
+        n_rounds = max([len(orch_rt)] + [len(v) for v in per_round.values()]) if (per_round or orch_rt) else 0
+
+        def phase_label(p: str, r: dict, round_idx: int | None = None) -> str:
+            label = p
+            if p == "claim_research":
+                counts = r.get("round_claim_counts") or []
+                if round_idx is not None and round_idx < len(counts) and counts[round_idx] > 0:
+                    label = f"{p} ({counts[round_idx]})"
+            return label
+
+        def row(indent: str, p: str, t_ms: float, round_idx: int | None = None) -> str:
+            r = rows[p]
+            label = phase_label(p, r, round_idx)
+            return f"{indent}{label:<16} {r['calls']:>7} {r['prompt_tokens']:>10} {r['completion_tokens']:>12} {r['total_tokens']:>10} {t_ms / 1000.0:>10.1f}"
+
+        in_rounds = set(per_round)
+
+        def custom_row(indent: str, label: str, p: str, t_ms: float) -> str:
+            r = rows[p]
+            return f"{indent}{label:<16} {r['calls']:>7} {r['prompt_tokens']:>10} {r['completion_tokens']:>12} {r['total_tokens']:>10} {t_ms / 1000.0:>10.1f}"
+
+        # Walk ``rows`` in its existing (canonical) order. When we reach the
+        # orchestrator phase, print one block per round with its nested
+        # sub-phases underneath, then suppress those sub-phases from appearing
+        # again as duplicate top-level rows later in the table.
+        for p in rows:
+            if p == "orchestrator" and n_rounds:
+                for i in range(n_rounds):
+                    # ``orch_rt[i]`` is already in ms (matches ``phase_time_ms``);
+                    # ``row()`` converts to seconds, so do NOT pre-divide here.
+                    orch_t = orch_rt[i] if i < len(orch_rt) else rows[p]["phase_time_ms"]
+                    lines.append(custom_row("  ", f"orchestrator round {i + 1}", p, orch_t))
+                    for sub in rows:
+                        if sub == "orchestrator":
+                            continue
+                        v = per_round.get(sub)
+                        if not v or i >= len(v):
+                            continue
+                        lines.append(row("    ", sub, v[i], round_idx=i))
+            elif p in in_rounds and n_rounds:
+                # Already printed inside the per-round orchestrator block.
+                continue
+            else:
+                lines.append(row("  ", p, rows[p]["phase_time_ms"]))
+        lines.append(f"  total: {total_calls} LLM calls, {total_tokens} tokens")
+        log.info("\n".join(lines))
+
+
+_CURRENT_STATS: ContextVar["LLMUsageStats | None"] = ContextVar("agentic_rag_llm_stats", default=None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def using_stats(stats: LLMUsageStats):
+    """Count the enclosed block's LLM calls into ``stats`` instead of the shared sink.
+
+    ``CountingChatModel`` records into the innermost active stats (via
+    ``_CURRENT_STATS``, falling back to the bundle-wide one), so parallel ``rag``
+    calls — which run in separate asyncio tasks — each get an independent
+    accounting while the shared sink keeps counting the whole request.
+    """
+    token = _CURRENT_STATS.set(stats)
+    try:
+        yield stats
+    finally:
+        _CURRENT_STATS.reset(token)
+
+
+def record_round(name: str) -> None:
+    """Count one iteration of ``name`` into the active stats (no-op when no
+    stats are bound, mirroring :func:`phase`)."""
+    stats = _CURRENT_STATS.get()
+    if stats is not None:
+        stats.record_round(name)
+
+
+def record_round_claims(name: str, count: int) -> None:
+    """Record how many claim-level tasks ran in the current round for ``name``."""
+    stats = _CURRENT_STATS.get()
+    if stats is not None:
+        stats.record_round_claims(name, count)
+
+
+def _last_usage(chat_mdl) -> dict | None:
+    mdl = getattr(chat_mdl, "mdl", None)
+    usage = getattr(mdl, "last_usage", None)
+    if isinstance(usage, dict) and usage.get("total_tokens"):
+        return usage
+    return None
+
+
+class CountingChatModel:
+    """Proxy over an ``LLMBundle`` recording calls/tokens per phase.
+
+    All other attributes are forwarded to the wrapped bundle, so the rest of
+    the harness (``max_length``, ``bind_tools``, ``clone``, ...) keeps working
+    unchanged while every ``async_chat*`` entry point is counted.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chat_mdl, stats: LLMUsageStats):
+        self._chat_mdl = chat_mdl
+        self._stats = stats
+
+    def _stats_for(self) -> LLMUsageStats:
+        return _CURRENT_STATS.get() or self._stats
+
+    def clone(self):
+        return CountingChatModel(self._chat_mdl.clone(), self._stats)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str):
+        return getattr(self._chat_mdl, name)
+
+    async def async_chat(self, system: str, history: list, gen_conf: dict | None = None, **kwargs):
+        stats = self._stats_for()
+        phase_name = _CURRENT_PHASE.get()
+        stats.record_call(phase_name)
+        try:
+            txt = await self._chat_mdl.async_chat(system, history, gen_conf or {}, **kwargs)
+        except Exception:
+            stats.record_failed(phase_name)
+            raise
+        stats.record_usage(phase_name, _last_usage(self._chat_mdl))
+        return txt
+
+    async def async_chat_streamly(self, system: str, history: list, gen_conf: dict | None = None, **kwargs):
+        stats = self._stats_for()
+        phase_name = _CURRENT_PHASE.get()
+        stats.record_call(phase_name)
+        try:
+            async for txt in self._chat_mdl.async_chat_streamly(system, history, gen_conf or {}, **kwargs):
+                yield txt
+        except Exception:
+            stats.record_failed(phase_name)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            stats.record_usage(phase_name, _last_usage(self._chat_mdl))
+
+    async def async_chat_streamly_delta(self, system: str, history: list, gen_conf: dict | None = None, **kwargs):
+        stats = self._stats_for()
+        phase_name = _CURRENT_PHASE.get()
+        stats.record_call(phase_name)
+        try:
+            async for txt in self._chat_mdl.async_chat_streamly_delta(system, history, gen_conf or {}, **kwargs):
+                yield txt
+        except Exception:
+            stats.record_failed(phase_name)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            stats.record_usage(phase_name, _last_usage(self._chat_mdl))