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vercel__next.js/errors/invalid-use-server-value.mdx
Delba de Oliveira c2b4c0815c Unify caching story across the docs (#90149)
This PRs unifies the caching story across the docs, making Cache
Components the happy path, while still providing guidance to users in
the old model. However, instead of explaining the old model and its
caching layers, we've created a new guide focusing on what APIs to use
and when.

This follow-up PR aligns terminology across the docs:
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/90589

## IA updates

Getting Started section: 

- Improves Getting Started progression:
- **Before:** CC → Fetching Data → Updating Data → Caching and
Revalidating (old and new model mixed)
- **After:** Fetching Data (Dynamic) → Mutating Data (Dynamic) → Caching
with CC (Prerendering) → Revalidating with CC.
- New: `caching.mdx` (CC-first)
   - Structure: 
      - Enabling Cache Components
      - Data vs UI-level caching
      - Working with request time APIs
      - Passing request values to cached functions
      - Working with non-deterministic operations
      - Working with synchronous operations
      - How rendering works (PPR and static shell story)
- New: `revalidating.mdx` (CC-first)
   - Explains how to use `cacheLife` and `cacheTag`

Guides Section: 

- New: `caching-and-revalidating.mdx` (Previous Model)
- For users who are not using CC, includes `fetch` options and route
segment config
- Moves route segment config options that don't apply to CC from API
reference to this guide (for easy archiving in the future).
- New: `migrating-to-cache-components.mdx` (WIP)
- Del: `caching.mdx` 😌 

## Terminology

We should remove caching layers from the docs. Users only needed to be
exposed to them when they were configured independently, but the new CC
APIs work across layers.

To make it easier to review this PR, I'm consolidating terminology and
fixing broken links in a new PR:
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/90589

---------

Co-authored-by: Vercel <vercel[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Joseph <joseph.chamochumbi@vercel.com>
2026-03-03 13:14:24 +00:00

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---
title: 'Invalid "use server" Value'
---
## Why This Error Occurred
This error occurs when a `"use server"` file exports a value that is not an async function. It might happen when you unintentionally export something like a configuration object, an arbitrary value, or missed the `async` keyword in the exported function declaration.
These functions are required to be defined as async, because `"use server"` marks them as [Server Actions](/docs/app/getting-started/mutating-data) and they can be invoked directly from the client through a network request.
Examples of incorrect code:
```js
'use server'
// ❌ This is incorrect: only async functions are allowed.
export const value = 1
// ❌ This is incorrect: missed the `async` keyword.
export function getServerData() {
return '...'
}
```
Correct code:
```js
'use server'
// ✅ This is correct: an async function is exported.
export async function getServerData() {
return '...'
}
```
## Possible Ways to Fix It
Check all exported values in the `"use server"` file (including `export *`) and make sure that they are all defined as async functions.
## Useful Links
- [Server Actions and Mutations - Next.js](/docs/app/getting-started/mutating-data)
- ['use server' directive - React](https://react.dev/reference/react/use-server)