build: adopt moduleResolution: "bundler" (#64125)

This commit updates the TypeScript configuration across the project to use `moduleResolution: "bundler"`. This modernizes our module resolution strategy to align with current TypeScript best practices and bundler behaviors.

The following changes are included:
- Updated `tsconfig.json` files to set `moduleResolution` to `"bundler"`.
- Updated the `rules_angular` bazel dependency to a version compatible with these changes.
- Adjusted related test files and golden files to reflect the new module resolution strategy.

PR Close #64125

packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/testing/src/utils.ts

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export function makeProgram(
   const compilerOptions = {
     noLib: true,
     experimentalDecorators: true,
-    moduleResolution: ts.ModuleResolutionKind.Node10,
+    moduleResolution: ts.ModuleResolutionKind.Bundler,
     ...options,
   };
   const compilerHost = new NgtscTestCompilerHost(fs, compilerOptions);

packages/compiler-cli/src/ngtsc/typecheck/testing/index.ts

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ export function angularCoreDtsFiles(): TestFile[] {
   const directory = resolveFromRunfiles('_main/packages/core/npm_package');
   const dtsFiles = globSync('**/*.d.ts', {cwd: directory});
 
-  return (_angularCoreDts = dtsFiles.map((fileName) => ({
+  return (_angularCoreDts = ['package.json', ...dtsFiles].map((fileName) => ({
     name: absoluteFrom(`/node_modules/@angular/core/${fileName}`),
     contents: readFileSync(path.join(directory, fileName), 'utf8'),
   })));