feat(core): drop support for older TypeScript versions (#51792)

Drops support for versions of TypeScript older than 5.2

BREAKING CHANGE:
Versions of TypeScript older than 5.2 are no longer supported.

PR Close #51792

packages/compiler-cli/package.json

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@angular/compiler": "0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER",
-    "typescript": ">=4.9.3 <5.3"
+    "typescript": ">=5.2 <5.3"
   },
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",

packages/compiler-cli/src/typescript_support.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {compareVersions} from './version_helpers';
  * Note: this check is disabled in g3, search for
  * `angularCompilerOptions.disableTypeScriptVersionCheck` config param value in g3.
  */
-const MIN_TS_VERSION = '4.9.3';
+const MIN_TS_VERSION = '5.2.0';
 
 /**
  * Supremum of supported TypeScript versions