feat(core): introduce TestBed.tick() (#60993)

This commit introduces the `TestBed.tick()` method that,
similarly to the `ApplicationRef.tick()`, synchronizes state
with the DOM. It can be used in unit tests to mimic framework's
logic executed in production applications. The `TestBed.tick()`
should be used instead of the removed `TestBed.flushEffects()`.

BREAKING CHANGE: the `TestBed.flushEffects()` was removed - use
the `TestBed.tick()` instead.

PR Close #60993

packages/core/testing/src/test_bed.ts

@@ -152,13 +152,6 @@ export interface TestBed {
 
   createComponent<T>(component: Type<T>): ComponentFixture<T>;
 
-  /**
-   * Execute any pending effects.
-   *
-   * @deprecated use `TestBed.tick()` instead
-   */
-  flushEffects(): void;
-
   /**
    * Execute any pending work required to synchronize model to the UI.
    *
@@ -398,10 +391,6 @@ export class TestBedImpl implements TestBed {
     return TestBedImpl.INSTANCE.ngModule;
   }
 
-  static flushEffects(): void {
-    return TestBedImpl.INSTANCE.flushEffects();
-  }
-
   static tick(): void {
     return TestBedImpl.INSTANCE.tick();
   }
@@ -812,15 +801,6 @@ export class TestBedImpl implements TestBed {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Execute any pending effects.
-   *
-   * @deprecated use `TestBed.tick()` instead
-   */
-  flushEffects(): void {
-    this.inject(EffectScheduler).flush();
-  }
-
   /**
    * Execute any pending work required to synchronize model to the UI.
    *