diff --git a/src/cdk/text-field/_text-field.scss b/src/cdk/text-field/_text-field.scss
index f7d1bd8a04e..82ecffcf480 100644
--- a/src/cdk/text-field/_text-field.scss
+++ b/src/cdk/text-field/_text-field.scss
@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@
   textarea.cdk-textarea-autosize {
     resize: none;
   }
+
+  // This class is temporarily applied to the textarea when it is being measured. It is immediately
+  // removed when measuring is complete. We use `!important` rules here to make sure user-specified
+  // rules do not interfere with the measurement.
+  textarea.cdk-textarea-autosize-measuring {
+    height: auto !important;
+    overflow: hidden !important;
+    // Having 2px top and bottom padding seems to fix a bug where Chrome gets an incorrect
+    // measurement. We just have to account for it later and subtract it off the final result.
+    padding: 2px 0 !important;
+    box-sizing: content-box !important;
+  }
 }
 
 // Used to generate UIDs for keyframes used to change the text field autofill styles.
diff --git a/src/cdk/text-field/autosize.ts b/src/cdk/text-field/autosize.ts
index 568b0c1d61f..9f9bb437126 100644
--- a/src/cdk/text-field/autosize.ts
+++ b/src/cdk/text-field/autosize.ts
@@ -187,15 +187,16 @@ export class CdkTextareaAutosize implements AfterViewInit, DoCheck, OnDestroy {
     // Long placeholders that are wider than the textarea width may lead to a bigger scrollHeight
     // value. To ensure that the scrollHeight is not bigger than the content, the placeholders
     // need to be removed temporarily.
-    textarea.style.height = 'auto';
-    textarea.style.overflow = 'hidden';
+    textarea.classList.add('cdk-textarea-autosize-measuring');
     textarea.placeholder = '';
 
-    const height = textarea.scrollHeight;
+    // The cdk-textarea-autosize-measuring class includes a 2px padding to workaround an issue with
+    // Chrome, so we account for that extra space here by subtracting 4 (2px top + 2px bottom).
+    const height = textarea.scrollHeight - 4;
 
     // Use the scrollHeight to know how large the textarea *would* be if fit its entire value.
     textarea.style.height = `${height}px`;
-    textarea.style.overflow = '';
+    textarea.classList.remove('cdk-textarea-autosize-measuring');
     textarea.placeholder = placeholderText;
 
     // On Firefox resizing the textarea will prevent it from scrolling to the caret position.
diff --git a/src/lib/input/input.scss b/src/lib/input/input.scss
index 9827e3b9c86..7ee4bba6362 100644
--- a/src/lib/input/input.scss
+++ b/src/lib/input/input.scss
@@ -92,3 +92,10 @@ textarea.mat-input-element {
     resize: none;
   }
 }
+
+textarea.mat-input-element {
+  // The 2px padding prevents scrollbars from appearing on Chrome even when they aren't needed.
+  // We also add a negative margin to negate the effect of the padding on the layout.
+  padding: 2px 0;
+  margin: -2px 0;
+}