refactor(compiler-cli): error on cyclic imports in partial compilation (#40782)

Our approach for handling cyclic imports results in code that is
not easy to tree-shake, so it is not suitable for publishing in a
library.

When compiling in partial compilation mode, we are targeting
such library publication, so we now create a fatal diagnostic
error instead of trying to handle the cyclic import situation.

Closes #40678

PR Close #40782

.pullapprove.yml

@@ -1223,6 +1223,7 @@ groups:
           'aio/content/errors/*.md',
           'aio/content/guide/glossary.md',
           'aio/content/guide/styleguide.md',
+          'aio/content/examples/errors/**',
           'aio/content/examples/styleguide/**',
           'aio/content/images/guide/styleguide/*'
           ])