feat(core): support TypeScript 4.7 (#45749)

Adds support for TypeScript 4.7. Changes include:
* Bumping the TS version as well as some Bazel dependencies to include https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/pull/3420.
* Adding a backwards-compatibility layer for calls to `updateTypeParameterDeclaration`.
* Making `LView` generic in order to make it easier to type the context based on the usage. Currently the context can be 4 different types which coupled with stricter type checking would required a lot of extra casting all over `core`.
* Fixing a bunch of miscellaneous type errors.
* Removing assertions of `ReferenceEntry.isDefinition` in a few of the language service tests. The field isn't returned by TS anymore and we weren't using it for anything.
* Resolving in error in the language service that was caused by TS attempting to parse HTML files when we try to open them. Previous TS was silently setting them as `ScriptKind.Unknown` and ignoring the errors, but now it throws. I've worked around it by setting them as `ScriptKind.JSX`.

PR Close #45749

goldens/public-api/core/global_utils.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export interface DirectiveDebugMetadata {
 export function getComponent<T>(element: Element): T | null;
 
 // @public
-export function getContext<T>(element: Element): T | null;
+export function getContext<T extends ({} | RootContext)>(element: Element): T | null;
 
 // @public
 export function getDirectiveMetadata(directiveOrComponentInstance: any): ComponentDebugMetadata | DirectiveDebugMetadata | null;
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ export interface Listener {
     useCapture: boolean;
 }
 
-
 // (No @packageDocumentation comment for this package)
 
 ```