diff --git a/goldens/public-api/core/errors.md b/goldens/public-api/core/errors.md
index ee293c1cda1..c433d0ea21e 100644
--- a/goldens/public-api/core/errors.md
+++ b/goldens/public-api/core/errors.md
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ export const enum RuntimeErrorCode {
     // (undocumented)
     MISSING_INJECTION_CONTEXT = -203,
     // (undocumented)
+    MISSING_INJECTION_TOKEN = 208,
+    // (undocumented)
     MISSING_LOCALE_DATA = 701,
     // (undocumented)
     MISSING_ZONEJS = 908,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/di/injector_compatibility.ts b/packages/core/src/di/injector_compatibility.ts
index 9060022d81b..2783e93b1c2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/di/injector_compatibility.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/di/injector_compatibility.ts
@@ -85,24 +85,21 @@ export function ɵɵinject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, flags = InjectFlags.Defau
  * Throws an error indicating that a factory function could not be generated by the compiler for a
  * particular class.
  *
- * This instruction allows the actual error message to be optimized away when ngDevMode is turned
- * off, saving bytes of generated code while still providing a good experience in dev mode.
- *
  * The name of the class is not mentioned here, but will be in the generated factory function name
  * and thus in the stack trace.
  *
  * @codeGenApi
  */
 export function ɵɵinvalidFactoryDep(index: number): never {
-  const msg = ngDevMode ?
-      `This constructor is not compatible with Angular Dependency Injection because its dependency at index ${
-          index} of the parameter list is invalid.
+  throw new RuntimeError(
+      RuntimeErrorCode.INVALID_FACTORY_DEPENDENCY,
+      ngDevMode &&
+          `This constructor is not compatible with Angular Dependency Injection because its dependency at index ${
+              index} of the parameter list is invalid.
 This can happen if the dependency type is a primitive like a string or if an ancestor of this class is missing an Angular decorator.
 
 Please check that 1) the type for the parameter at index ${
-          index} is correct and 2) the correct Angular decorators are defined for this class and its ancestors.` :
-      'invalid';
-  throw new Error(msg);
+              index} is correct and 2) the correct Angular decorators are defined for this class and its ancestors.`);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/core/src/di/jit/util.ts b/packages/core/src/di/jit/util.ts
index a19b72340cf..5013e8e10a8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/di/jit/util.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/di/jit/util.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 import {R3DependencyMetadataFacade} from '../../compiler/compiler_facade';
+import {RuntimeError, RuntimeErrorCode} from '../../errors';
 import {Type} from '../../interface/type';
 import {ReflectionCapabilities} from '../../reflection/reflection_capabilities';
 import {Host, Inject, Optional, Self, SkipSelf} from '../metadata';
@@ -58,7 +59,9 @@ function reflectDependency(dep: any|any[]): R3DependencyMetadataFacade {
         meta.token = param.token;
       } else if (param instanceof Attribute) {
         if (param.attributeName === undefined) {
-          throw new Error(`Attribute name must be defined.`);
+          throw new RuntimeError(
+              RuntimeErrorCode.INVALID_INJECTION_TOKEN,
+              ngDevMode && `Attribute name must be defined.`);
         }
         meta.attribute = param.attributeName;
       } else {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/di/reflective_key.ts b/packages/core/src/di/reflective_key.ts
index a3323a8cfb9..6ecec9276d3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/di/reflective_key.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/di/reflective_key.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
+import {RuntimeError, RuntimeErrorCode} from '../errors';
 import {stringify} from '../util/stringify';
+
 import {resolveForwardRef} from './forward_ref';
 
 
@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ export class ReflectiveKey {
    */
   constructor(public token: Object, public id: number) {
     if (!token) {
-      throw new Error('Token must be defined!');
+      throw new RuntimeError(
+          RuntimeErrorCode.MISSING_INJECTION_TOKEN, ngDevMode && 'Token must be defined!');
     }
     this.displayName = stringify(this.token);
   }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/errors.ts b/packages/core/src/errors.ts
index 9184d810797..89fd475d8ff 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/errors.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/errors.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export const enum RuntimeErrorCode {
   INVALID_INJECTION_TOKEN = 204,
   INJECTOR_ALREADY_DESTROYED = 205,
   PROVIDER_IN_WRONG_CONTEXT = 207,
+  MISSING_INJECTION_TOKEN = 208,
 
   // Template Errors
   MULTIPLE_COMPONENTS_MATCH = -300,